Globalization, Strategy, and Evolution PDF Download

Author: Carl Henning Reschke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
The paper develops a formal evolutionary framework for organizational change. It argues that strategizing is part of a learning process that can be captured using evolutionary concepts illustrated by the example of globalization processes. These lead to entry and encounters of organizations of different fitness levels. New and established actors need to learn and adapt to new conditions. The argument is based on a model of systemic evolution that allows to consider the learning process of actors. The paper extends the evolutionary economic framework in two directions a) by supplying a micro-level concept superior to routines and b) by focussing on a systemic evolutionary school that is superior to Neo-Darwinian and Lamarckian approaches to (social) evolution. The power of the framework is shown by its ability to integrate relevant perspectives in the area of organization and strategy. The paper is organized as follows: It discusses theoretical perspectives from strategy, economics, evolutionary biology and psychology at first. Then it builds a link between micro- and macro-levels of social systems based on an evolutionary conception of organizational change. The paper then links managerial actions and the evolution model to organizational performance outcomes, followed by a discussion of organizational development as evolutionary competitive process in globalization.

Author: George Modelski
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 113597764X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 465

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The term globalization has gained widespread popularity; yet most treatments are either descriptive and/or focused on changes in economic interconnectivity. In this volume the concept is seen in broader terms as leading international experts from a range of disciplines develop a long-term analysis to address the problems of globalization. The editors and contributors develop a framework for understanding the origins and trajectory of contemporary world trends, constructing testable and verifiable models of globalization. They demonstrate how the evolutionary approach allows us to view globalization as an enterprise of the human species as a whole focusing on the analytical problem of global change and the rules governing those changes. The emphasis is not on broad-based accounts of the course of world affairs but, selectively, on processes that reshape the social of the human species, the making of world opinion and the innovations that animate these developments. Chapters are clustered into four foci. One emphasizes the interpretation of globalization as an explicitly evolutionary process. A second looks at historical sequences of such phenomena as population growth or imperial rise and decline as processes that can be modeled and not purely described. The third cluster examines ongoing changes in economic processes, especially information technology. A final cluster takes on some of the challenges associated with forecasting and simulating the complexities of globalization processes. This innovative and important volume will be of interest to students and scholars across the social sciences concerned with the phenomenon of globalization.

Author: Bastiaan Van Apeldoorn
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135011214
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 337

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This book presents a novel analysis of how US grand strategy has evolved from the end of the Cold War to the present, offering an integrated analysis of both continuity and change. The post-Cold War American grand strategy has continued to be oriented to securing an ‘open door’ to US capital around the globe. This book will show that the three different administrations that have been in office in the post-Cold War era have pursued this goal with varying means: from Clinton’s promotion of neoliberal globalization to Bush’s ‘war on terror’ and Obama’s search to maintain US primacy in the face of a declining economy and a rising Asia. In seeking to make sense of both these strong continuities and these significant variations the book takes as its point of departure the social sources of grand strategy (making), with the aim to relate state (public) power to social (private) power. While developing its own theoretical framework to make sense of the evolution of US grand strategy, it offers a rich and rigorous empirical analysis based on extensive primary data that have been collected over the past years. It draws on a unique data-set that consists of extensive biographical data of 30 cabinet members and other senior foreign policy officials of each of the past three administrations of Clinton, G.W. Bush and Obama. This book is of great use to specialists in International Relations – within International Political Economy, International Security and Foreign Policy Analysis, as well as students of US Politics.

Author: Gita Sud de Surie
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 1848441495
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 229

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Book Description
[Knowledge, Organizational Evolution, and Market Creation] presents an integrative framework for understanding organizational change in emerging economies. . . the book distills a tremendous amount of research relevant for understanding the culture of business in India. . . This book is important for its contribution to the literature on the rise of Indian business and economy. It has a wide reaching theoretical scope and makes significant linkages with cognitive, behavioral and cultural theories. . . Ms. Surie s research on Indian firms thus presents a rare glimpse into the organizational and economic forces that are globalizing Indian industry from steel to software. Dinesh Sharma, Far Eastern Economic Review An astute study that especially focuses on the invaluable qualities of entrepreneurship and distributive innovation. . . . Exhaustively researched, and featuring appendices packed with additional tables and statistics of hard data, Knowledge, Organizational Evolution, and Market Creation is especially recommended for college library business and economic studies shelves. Midwest Book Review The Economics Shelf India has become a global economic powerhouse and Sud de Surie offers in this book the first systematic analysis of the global spread of Indian businesses. She skillfully maps the foreign expansion of Indian firms in five different industries, from steel, automotive components and machinery to software and biotechnology, showing that economic, political and cultural factors need to be present in order for companies to internationalize successfully. This book sets a new standard for research on international business. It is essential reading for those interested in the increasing role of emerging companies in global competition. Mauro F. Guillén, University of Pennsylvania, US Where do new multinationals come from? How do firms in developing economies become global players? Gita Sud de Surie provides new perspectives on internationalization and the multinational corporation by focusing on firms in emerging markets rather than established multinationals in industrialized economies. She shows that firms in developing countries are not passive recipients of technology; rather, the attempt to absorb new technologies builds capabilities and generates new aspirations propelling them from being adopters of technology to innovators and participants in the global knowledge economy. Knowledge, Organizational Evolution, and Market Creation documents the emergence of the Indian multinational by looking at data from firms in the old economy, such as those in manufacturing, steel-making, automotive components and heavy machinery and the new economy such as software and biotechnology. The author provides insights on knowledge transfer, innovation and capability building processes through in-depth case studies in these industries and suggests that both entrepreneurship and distributed innovation are critical for the growth of firms globally. This book will be valuable for scholars in international management, business policy and strategy, organization and management theory, economic sociology and history and technology and innovation management. Analysts, consultants and executives will find many useful insights in this book as well.

Author: Charles Grantham
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0471262986
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 258

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Book Description
Consumer Evolution explores the effects of the Internet on the minds of customers and of employees and how it effectively changed the rules of business. It provides business executives with an understanding of the changing social psychology of customers, prospects, employees and markets brought about by the pervasiveness of the Internet. Consumer Evolution examines the new psychology that must be factored into the development of successful business strategies. Using specific examples and case studies, Consumer Evolution offers nine effective business strategies that take these psychological changes into account. It presents vital insight into the constantly changing buying patterns of consumers and lays the foundation for a competitive strategy in an environment in which customer relationship management has become a driving business force. Managers will find expert advice for developing branding and advertising programs that connect them more closely to their customers while also discovering fresh business strategies for maintaining market position, exploiting the business cycle, competing globally, and defining customer need.

Author: Bent Jesper Christensen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783662495001
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
This volume uses cutting-edge theory and empirical analysis of channels of international interaction to build new knowledge about strategies of entrepreneurs, domestic and multinational firms, governments, and international organizations facing increasing globalization. The ongoing process of globalization implies the continuing expansion and intensification of economic, political, social, cultural and judicial relations across borders. It is furthered by reductions in transportation and communication costs, the rise of new information technologies, such as the internet, and liberalizations in the markets for goods, services, labor, capital, and technology. Globalization presents new opportunities to some, but risks and threats to others. The volume presents new research and findings by leading scholars on international trade, labor markets, financial markets, economic integration, political science, law, management, the humanities, developing countries, and international relations.

Author: R. Langhorne
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0333985567
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 168

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Book Description
The Coming of Globalization provides the basic context for understanding what globalization means for human society in the contemporary world. It first describes the underlying processes which have led to economic, political and cultural globalization and then sets out the present stage in the evolution of these processes in three vital areas: global capitalism and global markets; the changing relationship between national governments and their peoples; and the conduct of global international relationships. The author concludes by discussing some likely outcomes, both good and bad.

Author: Joseph Lampel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
The field of strategic management emerged and developed in North America before migrating to other parts of the world. Historically, the relationship between North American strategy research and research elsewhere was asymmetric: North America led, other research communities followed. More recently, however, the pattern of interaction has shifted as strategy research communities outside North America have attained critical mass and begun to challenge North American dominance. The challenge takes several forms. To begin with, whereas a decade or more ago top management journals rarely featured strategy research conducted outside North America, today the volume of work by non-North American strategy researchers that appears in these journals is substantial, and arguably approaching parity. Moreover, strategy research communities outside North America are no longer inclined to defer to the North American community as sole arbiter of research quality, nor do they routinely accept North American views of what constitutes “cutting edge” research. This newly gained confidence in their own abilities and judgment has emboldened non-North American researchers to explore intellectual traditions distinct from those that ground North American strategy research. As North American strategy researchers are increasingly exposed to these new ideas and approaches, optimistically, this should give rise to cooperation, consolidation and common ground. But, for the present, strategy research seems to be moving in the opposite direction, toward increased rivalry and fragmentation as new rhetorical, discursive, and practice perspectives emerge and gain traction. For some, this fragmentation reflects the effects of globalization on the larger cycle of variation, selection and consolidation in the evolution of strategy research. For others, however, it is the result of a confrontation between diverse intellectual traditions and socioeconomic conditions that not only make fragmentation and hostility likely to persist, but also give rise to distinctive and potentially irreconcilable schools of thought (O'Shannasy, 2001) . Whether strategy research is destined for permanent pluralism or merely in transition to greater coherence is difficult to say precisely because we do not understand adequately how fields evolve in general, and how globalization will affect the intellectual evolution of our field in particular (Baum, 2007). At one level it can be argued that the end-state does not matter. What matters at this point is letting a “thousand flowers” bloom by encouraging new ideas and giving new voices an opportunity to be heard. This is the policy we adopted for this volume of Advances in Strategic Management. We cast our net wide deliberately, inviting contributions that tackle and capture the globalization of strategy research, with particular emphasis on contributions that “challenge the historically dominant North American tradition in strategy research - from both outside as well as inside North America.” We believe we have succeeded in bringing together as diverse a collection of contributions as space allows, but in the course of reading and editing them it became clear to us that not only do many of these contributions challenge the dominance of the North American influence in strategy research, but they also challenge each other. For us, as editors, this posed a dilemma: Espousing diversity may satisfy our belief in the importance of keeping an open mind, but stopping there would ignore how the increasing conceptual diversity of strategy research is changing the field. A useful starting point for understanding the impact of this diversity on the field of strategy is the wider historical context. As with the broader impact of globalization, the emergence of a challenge to North American dominance of strategy research is due in part to technological change, specifically convenient access of researchers via the Internet to articles published in what are often colloquially referred to as 'second tier' management journals. Easier access to these journals has increased their influence, and reduced the power of so-called 'top tier' journals, which are almost invariably North American, to enforce a particular approach to strategy research. It has also allowed non-North American researchers, and North American researchers who dissent from the dominant perspective, to link up and form new research perspectives. The increased diversity, however, has intensified competition for what Collins (1998) terms the “intellectual attention space”. This, in turn, has triggered greater attention to fundamental questions of legitimacy, or more specifically, why it is increasingly difficult for strategy researchers to agree on how knowledge claims should be judged. This the main issue that we examine in this opening chapter. We begin by framing the issue of intellectual or scientific legitimacy in general. This is a large issue so, by necessity, we focus on several key points that are useful to our analysis. We continue by examining how the history of the field of strategy or, more precisely, the “emergence narrative” of how the field began has been used to legitimize the dominance of North American strategy research. We show that contrary to the emergence narrative that now prevails, there were alternative visions of how the field should evolve, but that these alternatives were marginalized when certain epistemologies, specifically logical empiricism, were promoted as the best way of legitimizing research. Research that challenges the dominant North American approach to research could only make headways if it sought different sources of legitimacy. In the final part of the paper we therefore examine the various ways in which emerging perspectives in strategy have sought to consecrate their research, and consider to the extent to which different consecration tactics exacerbated the fragmentation of the field of strategy as a global enterprise.

Author: J. Rennstich
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230611060
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 274

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Book Description
This book offers a unique perspective on current changes. Describing globalization as a long-term process of intertwined technological, economic, political, and cultural changes, the author identifies distinct phases in the global system development, and concludes that the pattern of change continues even with the rise of new digital technologies.

Author: Dong-sung Cho
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814492329
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 243

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Book Description
Latest Edition: From Adam Smith to Michael Porter: Evolution of Competitiveness Theory (Extended Edition)Traditionally, a nation's international competitiveness has been explained by international trade theories originating from Adam Smith. However, today's global economy is too complicated to be explained by the traditional trade theories. Recently, Michael Porter of the Harvard Business School introduced a new competitiveness theory, the so-called diamond model. He differentiated his theory from the traditional trade theories by arguing that national prosperity is not inherited, but created by choices; in other words, national wealth is not set by factor endowments, but created by strategic choices. He showed different choices of creating wealth, which had been quite limited in the world of traditional trade theories. His diamond model has lately been extended by several scholars. This book highlights Porter's achievement by comparing it with those of traditional trade theorists and presents new developments of competitiveness theory. By discussing the “before” and “after” of Porter's theory, the authors provide the reader with a holistic picture of competitiveness theory.