Global Wave Propagation in Three-dimensional Aspherical Earth Models PDF Download

Author: Kuangdai Leng
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Douglas S. Dreger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Seismic waves
Languages : en
Pages : 44

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Author: Henrik Schmidt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Computer simulation
Languages : en
Pages : 13

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Book Description
A three-dimensional fast field program (FFP) model based on the global matrix method will be presented. Compared to traditional propagator matrix methods, the global matrix method allows for a more efficient, and, furthermore, numerically stable computation. The three-dimensional expansion does not restrict sources to be on the center axis, but allows for an arbitrary source geometry-as opposed to earlier two-dimensional versions. As a consequence, the solution includes simultaneously both vertically and horizontally polarized shear waves. A mathematical description will be given and the numerical aspects will be discussed. Some of the features of the model will be illustrated in two test cases: free-space and shallow water with strongly reflecting bottom. The free-space case shows that the three-dimensional solution gives results identical to those obtained by the two-dimensional model except for ranges close to the axis r identical to O of a cylindrical coordinate system. For the shallow water case, the well-known energy transportation in discrete modes above critical wavenumber is first demonstrated. Then the model is used to analyze the field radiated by a long horizontal array, and it is shown that different modes will propagate in slightly different directions.

Author: F. A. Dahlen
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 9780691001241
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1044

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After every major earthquake, the Earth rings like a bell for several days. These free oscillations of the Earth and the related propagating body and surface waves are routinely detected at broad-band seismographic stations around the world. In this book, F. A. Dahlen and Jeroen Tromp present an advanced theoretical treatment of global seismology, describing the normal-mode, body-wave, and surface-wave methods employed in the determination of the Earth's three-dimensional internal structure and the source mechanisms of earthquakes. The authors provide a survey of both the history of global seismological research and the major theoretical and observational advances made in the past decade. The book is divided into three parts. In the first, "Foundations," Dahlen and Tromp give an extensive introduction to continuum mechanics and discuss the representation of seismic sources and the free oscillations of a completely general Earth model. The resulting theory should provide the basis for future scientific discussions of the elastic-gravitational deformation of the Earth. The second part, "The Spherical Earth," is devoted to the free oscillations of a spherically symmetric Earth. In the third part, "The Aspherical Earth," the authors discuss methods of dealing with the Earth's three-dimensional heterogeneity. The book is concerned primarily with the forward problem of global seismology--detailing how synthetic seismograms and spectra may be calculated and interpreted. As a long-needed unification of theories in global seismology, the book will be important to graduate students and to professional seismologists, geodynamicists, and geomagnetists, as well as to astronomers who study the free oscillations of the Sun and other stars.

Author: Catherine Taylor Aimone
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 285

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Author: National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781728919980
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 34

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Quantitative error analysis for simulation of wave propagation in three dimensional random media assuming narrow angular scattering are presented for the plane wave and spherical wave geometry. This includes the errors resulting from finite grid size, finite simulation dimensions, and the separation of the two-dimensional screens along the propagation direction. Simple error scalings are determined for power-law spectra of the random refractive index of the media. The effects of a finite inner scale are also considered. The spatial spectra of the intensity errors are calculated and compared to the spatial spectra of intensity. The numerical requirements for a simulation of given accuracy are determined for realizations of the field. The numerical requirements for accurate estimation of higher moments of the field are less stringent. Coles, William A. and Filice, J. P. and Frehlich, R. G. and Yadlowsky, M. Unspecified Center NAG8-253...

Author: Jifeng Xu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Carnegie Mellon University
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 12

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An important challenge for seismic monitoring of nuclear explosions at low magnitude to verify a nuclear-test-ban treaty is the development of techniques that use regional phases for detection, location, and identification. In order to use such phases, region-specific earth models and tools are needed that accurately predict features such as travel times, amplitudes, and spectral characteristics. In this paper, we present our efforts to use two-dimensional finite-difference modeling to help develop and validate regional earth models for the Middle East and North Africa and to develop predictive algorithms for identifying anomalous regional phases. To help develop and validate a model for the Middle East and North Africa, we compare data and finite-difference simulations for selected regions. We show that the proposed three-dimensional regional model is a significant improvement over standard one-dimensional models by comparing features of broadband data and simulations and differences between observed and predicted features such as narrow-band group velocities. We show how a potential trade-off between source and structure can be avoided by constraining source parameters such as depth, mechanism, and moment/source-time function with independent data. We also present numerous observations of anomalous timing and amplitude of regional phases and show how incorporation of two-dimensional structure can explain many of these observations. Based on these observations, and the predictive capability of our simulations, we develop a simple model that can accurately predict the timing of such phases.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 40

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Traveltimes of head waves propagating within a three-dimensional (3D) multilayered earth are described by straightforward mathematical formulae. The earth model consists of a set of homogeneous and isotropic layers bounded by plane interfaces. Each interface (including the surface) may possess arbitrary strike and dip. In this model, the source-to-receiver raypath of a critically refracted wave consists of a set of straight line segments, not confined to a single plane. Algebraic derivations of the traveltime expressions are greatly simplified by using a novel 3D form of Snell's law of refraction. Various generalizations of the basic traveltime equation extend its applicability to arbitrary source-receiver recording geometries and/or mode-converted waves. Related expressions for the traveltimes of reflected waves and one-way transmitted waves propagating in the same layered earth model are obtained as byproducts of the analysis. The expressions contain a set of unit raypath orientation vectors that depend implicitly on source and receiver coordinates. Hence, the equations cannot be characterized as closed-form in the mathematical sense. However, for critically refracted waves, these vectors can be obtained by a minimal amount of numerical raytracing. The traveltime formulae are useful for a variety of forward modeling and inversion purposes.

Author: Barbara Romanowicz
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444535756
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 873

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Book Description
Treatise on Geophysics: Seismology and Structure of the Earth, Volume 1, provides a comprehensive review of the state of knowledge on the Earths structure and earthquakes. It addresses various aspects of structural seismology and its applications to other fields of Earth sciences. The book is organized into four parts. The first part principally covers theoretical developments and seismic data analysis techniques from the end of the nineteenth century until the present, with the main emphasis on the development of instrumentation and its deployment. The second part reviews the status of knowledge on the structure of the Earths shallow layers, starting with a global review of the Earth's crustal structure. The third part focuses on the Earth's deep structure, divided into its main units: the upper mantle, the transition zone and upper-mantle discontinuities, the D region at the base of the mantle, and the Earth's core. The fourth part comprises two chapters which discuss constraints on Earth structure from fields other than seismology: mineral physics and geodynamics. Self-contained volume starts with an overview of the subject then explores each topic with in depth detail Extensive reference lists and cross references with other volumes to facilitate further research Full-color figures and tables support the text and aid in understanding Content suited for both the expert and non-expert