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Author: Michelle Allison Harris Publisher: ISBN: 9780355461343 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Study 1: This paper introduces the Lifespan Self-Esteem scale (LSE), a short measure of global self-esteem suitable for populations drawn from across the lifespan. Many existing measures of global self-esteem cannot be used across multiple developmental periods due to changes in item content, response formats, and other scale characteristics. This creates a need for a new lifespan scale so that changes in global self-esteem over time can be studied without confounding maturational changes with alterations in the measure. The LSE is a 4-item measure with a 5-point response format using items inspired by established self-esteem scales. The scale is essentially unidimensional, internally consistent, and converges with existing self-esteem measures across ages 5 to 93 (N=2,714). Thus, the LSE appears to be a useful measure of global self-esteem suitable for use across the lifespan as well as contexts where a short measure is desirable such as populations with short attention spans or large projects assessing multiple constructs. Moreover, the LSE is one of the first global self-esteem scales to be validated for children younger than age 8, which provides the opportunity to broaden the field to include research on early formation and development of global self-esteem, an area that has previously been limited. Study 2: The current study provides a qualitative analysis of the meaning of self-esteem to individuals across ages 5 to 93 (N = 2,285). Psychologists assume that individuals base their self-esteem on sources such as physical appearance, achievements, and relationships, but there is little empirical research identifying these sources. Identifying sources can inform existing gaps in research on self-esteem mean levels (i.e., whether children younger than age 8 can reliably rate their self-esteem; whether self-esteem sources explain mean levels in adolescence and older adulthood). To address these questions, we asked participants to explain their responses to the Lifespan Self-Esteem scale (see Study 1). We classified responses into seven broad categories (physical, achievement, relational, psychological, biological, meta-cognitive, and uninformative) using grounded theory and methods from qualitative self-concept research. The majority of participants listed only one self-esteem source, especially in the youngest age group. There were no age differences in use of source categories to suggest that young children lack understanding of quantitative self-esteem measures. Six source categories were unrelated to self-esteem mean levels (physical was negatively related), and there were no age interactions with categories to suggest that sources explain the relatively low levels of self-esteem in adolescence and older adulthood compared to the rest of adulthood. We encourage future researchers to replicate the current study and apply qualitative methods such as those reported in the current study to shed further insight on the construct of self-esteem.
Author: Michelle Allison Harris Publisher: ISBN: 9780355461343 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Study 1: This paper introduces the Lifespan Self-Esteem scale (LSE), a short measure of global self-esteem suitable for populations drawn from across the lifespan. Many existing measures of global self-esteem cannot be used across multiple developmental periods due to changes in item content, response formats, and other scale characteristics. This creates a need for a new lifespan scale so that changes in global self-esteem over time can be studied without confounding maturational changes with alterations in the measure. The LSE is a 4-item measure with a 5-point response format using items inspired by established self-esteem scales. The scale is essentially unidimensional, internally consistent, and converges with existing self-esteem measures across ages 5 to 93 (N=2,714). Thus, the LSE appears to be a useful measure of global self-esteem suitable for use across the lifespan as well as contexts where a short measure is desirable such as populations with short attention spans or large projects assessing multiple constructs. Moreover, the LSE is one of the first global self-esteem scales to be validated for children younger than age 8, which provides the opportunity to broaden the field to include research on early formation and development of global self-esteem, an area that has previously been limited. Study 2: The current study provides a qualitative analysis of the meaning of self-esteem to individuals across ages 5 to 93 (N = 2,285). Psychologists assume that individuals base their self-esteem on sources such as physical appearance, achievements, and relationships, but there is little empirical research identifying these sources. Identifying sources can inform existing gaps in research on self-esteem mean levels (i.e., whether children younger than age 8 can reliably rate their self-esteem; whether self-esteem sources explain mean levels in adolescence and older adulthood). To address these questions, we asked participants to explain their responses to the Lifespan Self-Esteem scale (see Study 1). We classified responses into seven broad categories (physical, achievement, relational, psychological, biological, meta-cognitive, and uninformative) using grounded theory and methods from qualitative self-concept research. The majority of participants listed only one self-esteem source, especially in the youngest age group. There were no age differences in use of source categories to suggest that young children lack understanding of quantitative self-esteem measures. Six source categories were unrelated to self-esteem mean levels (physical was negatively related), and there were no age interactions with categories to suggest that sources explain the relatively low levels of self-esteem in adolescence and older adulthood compared to the rest of adulthood. We encourage future researchers to replicate the current study and apply qualitative methods such as those reported in the current study to shed further insight on the construct of self-esteem.
Author: Mary H. Guindon Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 113584190X Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 473
Book Description
As long as clinicians write “increase self-esteem” on treatment plans without knowing precisely what that means, there is a need for information on the construct of self-esteem and how its many components can have an effect on outcomes. This text defines self-esteem, describes its history and evolution, discusses its controversies, and presents information on intervention strategies that can make a difference when it receives clinical attention. Principles and concepts are applied to various clinical concerns faced by clients in each of the five developmental life stages: childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, midlife, and late life. Book chapters discuss a variety of specific issues– such as child trauma and abuse, ADHD, body image and eating disorders, at-risk adolescents, African American youth, sexuality in young adulthood, alcohol and other drugs issues, lesbians and gay men at midlife, career development, intergenerational conflict in Asian Americans, and loss in late life – and offer detailed strategies for the development and enhancement of self-esteem. Also included is an example of an 8-week self-esteem enhancement program.
Author: Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119050308 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 854
Book Description
The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Individual Differences provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of recent research, current perspectives, practical applications, and likely future developments in individual differences. Brings together the work of the top global researchers within the area of individual differences, including Philip L. Ackerman, Ian J. Deary, Ed Diener, Robert Hogan, Deniz S. Ones and Dean Keith Simonton Covers methodological, theoretical and paradigm changes in the area of individual differences Individual chapters cover core areas of individual differences including personality and intelligence, biological causes of individual differences, and creativity and emotional intelligence
Author: Barbara M. Byrne Publisher: Amer Psychological Assn ISBN: 9781557983329 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 297
Book Description
[This book provides a] review of self-concept measures that can be used with individuals across the life span, from preschool through late adulthood. These measures were selected according to the prevalence of their use in research and practice, their psychometric soundness, the strength of their theoretical base, and their demonstrable utility in a variety of research and practice situations. For each measure there is a description of the instrument, the target population, the scale structure, administration and scoring procedures, normative data, and related psychometric research, as well as an evaluative summary and source information. Byrne also provides a comprehensive review of the literature related to 7 empirically testable models of self-concept. Finally, the author identifies the most important psychometric issues related to measuring self-concept, describes the limitations associated with the current state of self-concept measurement, and points to promising directions for future research and application.
Author: Jule Specht Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128047615 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 604
Book Description
Personality Development across the Lifespan examines the development of personality characteristics from childhood, adolescence, emerging adulthood, adulthood, and old age. It provides a comprehensive overview of theoretical perspectives, methods, and empirical findings of personality and developmental psychology, also detailing insights on how individuals differ from each other, how they change during life, and how these changes relate to biological and environmental factors, including major life events, social relationships, and health. The book begins with chapters on personality development in different life phases before moving on to theoretical perspectives, the development of specific personality characteristics, and personality development in relation to different contexts, like close others, health, and culture. Final sections cover methods in research on the topic and the future directions of research in personality development. Introduces and reviews the most important personality characteristics Examines personality in relation to different contexts and how it is related to important life outcomes Discusses patterns and sources of personality development
Author: Gregory J. Boyle Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0123869587 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 825
Book Description
Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs assists researchers and practitioners by identifying and reviewing the best scales/measures for a variety of constructs. Each chapter discusses test validity, reliability, and utility. Authors have focused on the most often used and cited scales/measures, with a particular emphasis on those published in recent years. Each scale is identified and described, the sample on which it was developed is summarized, and reliability and validity data are presented, followed by presentation of the scale, in full or in part, where such permission has been obtained. Measures fall into five broad groups. The emotional disposition section reviews measures of general affective tendencies, and/or cognitive dispositions closely linked to emotion. These measures include hope and optimism, anger and hostility, life satisfaction, self-esteem, confidence, and affect dimensions. Emotion regulation scales go beyond general dispositions to measure factors that may contribute to understanding and managing emotions. These measures include alexithymia, empathy, resiliency, coping, sensation seeking, and ability and trait emotional intelligence. The interpersonal styles section introduces some traditional social–psychological themes in the context of personality assessment. These measures include adult attachment, concerns with public image and social evaluation, and forgiveness. The vices and virtues section reflects adherence to moral standards as an individual characteristic shaped by sociocultural influences and personality. These measures include values and moral personality, religiosity, dark personalities (Machiavellianism,narcissism, and subclinical psychopathy), and perfectionism. The sociocultural interaction and conflict section addresses relationships between different groups and associated attitudes. These measures include cross-cultural values, personality and beliefs, intergroup contact, stereotyping and prejudice, attitudes towards sexual orientation, and personality across cultures. Encompasses 25 different areas of psychology research Each scale has validity, reliability info, info on test bias, etc Multiple scales discussed for each construct Discussion of which scales are appropriate in which circumstances and to what populations Examples of scales included
Author: Dan P. McAdams Publisher: Guilford Publications ISBN: 1462547737 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 640
Book Description
Bringing together prominent scholars, this authoritative volume considers the development of personality at multiple levels--from the neuroscience of dispositional traits to the cultural shaping of life stories. Illustrated with case studies and concrete examples, the Handbook integrates areas of research that have often remained disparate. It offers a lifespan perspective on the many factors that influence each individual's psychological makeup and examines the interface of personality development with health, psychopathology, relationships, and the family. Contributors provide broad-based, up-to-date reviews of theories, empirical findings, methodological innovations, and emerging trends. See also the authored volume The Art and Science of Personality Development, by Dan P. McAdams.
Author: Michael H. Kernis Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1134952775 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 593
Book Description
Research and theory on self-esteem have flourished in recent years. This resurgence has produced multiple perpectives on fundamental issues surrounding the nature of self-esteem and its role in psychological functioning and interpersonal processes. Self-Esteem Issues and Answers brings together these various perspectives in a unique format. The book is divided into five sections. Section I focuses on core issues pertaining to the conceptualization and assesment of self-esteem, and when self-esteem is optimal. Section II concentrates on the determinants, development, and modifiability of self-esteem. Section III examines the evolutionary significance of self-esteem and its role in psychological processes and therapeutic settings. Section IV explores the social, relational, and cultural significance of self-esteem. Finally, Section V considers future directions for self-esteem researchers, practitioners, parents and teachers. This volume offers a wealth of perspectives from prominent researchers from different areas of psychology. Each expert contributor was asked to focus his or her chapter on a central self-esteem issue. Three or four experts addressed each question. The result is that Self-Esteem Issues and Answers provides a comprehensive sourcebook of current perspectives on a wide range of central self-esteem issues.
Author: William B. Swann Publisher: Amer Psychological Assn ISBN: 9781557985316 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 324
Book Description
Once the province of a small group of theorists and researchers operating on the periphery of psychological science, gender research has charged into the psychological mainstream during the last two decades. In large measure, Janet T. Spence has been responsible for this transformation, challenging the traditional ideas of fundamental difference between men and women. The simple idea of difference, once used to rationalize prejudices and discrimination, has now been replaced by a complex, sophisticated awareness of how gender is constructed and maintained. This book explores new empirical work and theoretical models about the causes and consequences of constructing gender.
Author: Michelle Allison Harris
Author: Michelle Allison Harris
Author: Kali Hilda Fran Trzesniewski
Author: Mary H. Guindon
Author: Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic
Author: Barbara M. Byrne
Author: Jule Specht
Author: Gregory J. Boyle
Author: Dan P. McAdams
Author: Michael H. Kernis
Author: William B. Swann