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Author: Yves Agid Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 019884767X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 161
Book Description
Understanding glial cells is key to explaining human movement, emotion, and thoughts. This book provides many examples of the decisive role glial cells play in the functioning of the human brain, as well as in neurological and psychiatric pathologies.
Author: Yves Agid Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 019884767X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 161
Book Description
Understanding glial cells is key to explaining human movement, emotion, and thoughts. This book provides many examples of the decisive role glial cells play in the functioning of the human brain, as well as in neurological and psychiatric pathologies.
Author: Yves Agid Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0192587005 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 200
Book Description
Glial cells play an essential role in initiating and controlling our behaviours, playing a major role in communication between brain cells. They share certain properties with neurons, including the ability to use information from the environment to formulate behaviors. Understanding these cells is key to explaining human movement, emotion, and thoughts. Moreover, glial cells provide a panoply of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. This book is the 'brain' child of two scientist physicians: Pierre Magistretti, a leading expert in cerebral metabolism and glial cell biology, and Yves Agid, an expert in the treatment of nervous system diseases and a researcher in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. This book provides many examples of the decisive role glial cells play in the functioning of the human brain, as well as in neurological and psychiatric pathologies. The result is a revolution in our understanding of the brain and a beacon of hope in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Author: Andrew Koob Publisher: FT Press ISBN: 0137151713 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 193
Book Description
Discover the Other 90% of Your Brain Learn about brain science breakthroughs that might hold the key to intelligence, creativity, and imagination. Discover amazing cells that keep your brain growing, adapting, and healing. Preview possible breakthroughs for brain cancer, brain trauma, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and even schizophrenia. If you know anything about brains, you've heard of neurons. Those are the cells that have long been seen as central to virtually everything your brain thinks, feels, and does. But neurons represent only 10% of your brain cells. What does the other 90% do? Until recently, scientists didn't have a clue. Now, they're discovering the real function of those long-neglected glial cells-and the story is nothing short of amazing. In "The Root of Thought," brain scientist Andrew Koob reveals that story. You'll learn what glial cells are, how they function, and how they might help explain everything from intelligence and creativity to imagination and dreams. Then, Koob reveals the tantalizing clues about glial cells that could eventually lead to cures for brain injury, psychiatric disorders, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Lou Gehrig's disease, and even brain cancer. Chapter 1: Cities and Highways 1 Chapter 2: Dust Settles on the Battlefield 5 Chapter 3: I Sing the Body Electric 15 Chapter 4: Meet the Astrocyte 29 Chapter 5: Riding the Calcium Wave 41 Chapter 6: Hey Neuron, It's Me, Glia 55 Chapter 7: Developing Relationships 65 Chapter 8: The Time Machine 77 Chapter 9: Sing a New Song 89 Chapter 10: Albert Einstein's Abundant Astrocytes 99 Chapter 11: I Dream of Glia 111 Chapter 12: Gliadegenerative Disease 121 Chapter 13: Don't Insult Me 133 Chapter 14: The Seething Breeding Glioma 145 Chapter 15: Cities and Highways Revisited 155 Acknowledgments 159 About the Author 161 Index 163
Author: Donald W. Pfaff Publisher: OUP USA ISBN: 0195388844 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 233
Book Description
Genes and environment interact inside and outside the brain to produce hormonal and neuroanatomical and neurochemical differences between men and women. These factors dictate small differences in ability and large sex differences in feelings, in pain and in suffering.
Author: Bernardo Castellano Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing ISBN: 9780444514868 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 790
Book Description
Although knowledge of the development and differentiation of glial cells has significantly increased in recent years, there are still many questions unanswered. The first section of the book is devoted to this very active topic and includes contributions on Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes, astroglia and microglia. The second section of the book covers cellular interactions, the role they play on myelination and remyelination, how these interactions take place and the molecules involved. The third section of this volume focuses on the interactions of neurons with glial cells and their role in brain function. Neuron-glia cross talk appears to be fundamental for synaptic transmission and several chapters in this section address this topic. The topic of how glial cells react to brain injury and how they participate in neuroprotection and brain repair is covered in section four of this book. As our knowledge about the molecules involved in the regenerative properties of glia increases, new avenues are open for the use of genetically modified glia with therapeutic purposes. The final section of the book is devoted to therapeutic approaches to tumours, viral and prion infections. Gene therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of gliomas, one of the most devastating forms of cancer. A chapter on prion diseases and microglia addresses a question of tremendous actuality, since prion diseases in cows is at this moment the major veterinary problem in Europe and has created a considerable social alarm.
Author: Bernard Zalc Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0190686111 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
The emergence of myelin 425 million years ago marked a turning point in evolution. Consider for a moment the invention of insulated wire, which allows for the transmission of electrical current. Functioning in a similar way, the membrane surrounding nerve fibers, or myelin, enables the remarkable acceleration of nerve impulses. Surprisingly, myelin occupies nearly half the volume of the human brain and is critical for our intellectual and motor performance. Without myelin, our thoughts and our movements would suffer overwhelming delays. We owe our reflexes to myelin: it is what makes us brake when a child dashes out onto the road, or snatch away a hand absent-mindedly placed on a burning hot stove. When damaged, myelin can lead to irreversible disability, cognitive decline, and sensory impairments. The study of myelin's role in the conduction of nerve impulses has led to a better understanding of several diseases including multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Charcot disease (ALS), and Niemann-Pick disease.
Author: Alexei Verkhratsky Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118402057 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 473
Book Description
Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology provides a comprehensive, advanced text on the biology and pathology of glial cells. Coverae includes: the morphology and interrelationships between glial cells and neurones in different parts of the nervous systems the cellular physiology of the different kinds of glial cells the mechanisms of intra- and inter-cellular signalling in glial networks the mechanisms of glial-neuronal communications the role of glial cells in synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival and development of nervous system the cellular and molecular mechanisms of metabolic neuronal-glial interactions the role of glia in nervous system pathology, including pathology of glial cells and associated diseases - for example, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Alexander disease and Parkinson's Neuroglia oversee the birth and development of neurones, the establishment of interneuronal connections (the 'connectome'), the maintenance and removal of these inter-neuronal connections, writing of the nervous system components, adult neurogenesis, the energetics of nervous tissue, metabolism of neurotransmitters, regulation of ion composition of the interstitial space and many, many more homeostatic functions. This book primes the reader towards the notion that nervous tissue is not divided into more important and less important cells. The nervous tissue functions because of the coherent and concerted action of many different cell types, each contributing to an ultimate output. This reaches its zenith in humans, with the creation of thoughts, underlying acquisition of knowledge, its analysis and synthesis, and contemplating the Universe and our place in it. An up-to-date and fully referenced text on the most numerous cells in the human brain Detailed coverage of the morphology and interrelationships between glial cells and neurones in different parts of the nervous system Describes the role og glial cells in neuropathology Focus boxes highlight key points and summarise important facts Companion website with downloadable figures and slides
Author: J.A. Levy Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461519497 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 360
Book Description
It is remarkable that each month the quantity ofarticles published on AIDS still that address numbers in the thousands. The basic, clinical and sociological aspects this epidemic have been vigorously investigated, and equally as extensively reported in traditional as well as new journals. Therefore, what can the reader ofthis volume expect to find that is different from the information already found in the literature? The authors of this text met in October 1993 to discuss not only AIDS and its effects on the nervous system but also to address the problem from the point of view of the diverse technologies that are used in understanding the disease. Just as the recog nition ofoncogenic viruses gave us insights into cellular genes that govern growth, the study ofHIV-I in the nervous system has opened new areas ofinvestigation in the nervous system. Use of human fetal and glioma-derived cell cultures, discovery of toxins in the nervous system, release and damage of cytokines in the brain, the neuropathic effects of HIV proteins, the investigation of new treatment for neuro AIDS, and virus detection strategies to identify latent HIVI infection are described in this volume. Basic and clinical investigators from more than thirty laboratories around the world contributed to the ideas discussed at the meeting, "Technical Advances in AIDS Research in the Human Nervous System.
Author: Joachim R. Wolff Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 364271837X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 424
Book Description
This book is based on the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Mesenchymal-Epithelial Interactions in Neural Development" which was held in Berlin during March 1986. The idea that it may be the time for this workshop arose from a discussion among the organizers who met at a conference in Innsbruck. During the twenties, Spemann demonstrated that, in vertebrates, the formation of neuroepithelium depends on the induction by specific mesodermal derivatives. This was about the first time that mesenchymal-epithelial interactions had been recognized as an important mechanism in the development of an epithelial organ. Since then two things had become clear: 1) The identity and role of molecules, elaborated at mesenchymal-neuroepithelial interfaces had been partially elucidated in spinal cord and peripheral nerve ontogeny but, until recently, had been ignored in studies on the development of the brain. 2) In many-non-neural epithelia, the surrounding mesenchyme regulates such fundamental developmental steps as, for example, cell proliferation, morphogenesis and cell differentia tion, and there is no reason to exclude similar influences and interactions from brain development. It seemed to us that the importance and implications of many of these findings had not been appreciated by many developmental neurobiologists and that an attempt should be made to initiate discussions and exchange of ideas among different groups of scientists involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) research. This turned out to be a formidable task because of the great diversity of disciplines contributing findings to this active field.
Author: Michael Aschner Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780849347924 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 380
Book Description
It is well established that glial cells represent more than mere passive cytoskeletal support elements of the central and peripheral nervous system. A reciprocal relationship exists between neurons and glia that is vital for mutual differentiation, development, and functioning of both cell types. It also has become apparent that perturbations in glial function may lead to deleterious consequences in juxtaposed neurons. It is therefore possible that neuronal damage induced by chemicals or neuropathic disease involves dissociation of glial-neuronal interactions. The Role of Glia in Neurotoxicity brings together experts in the neurosciences to provide a more complete understanding of the effects of chemicals on nervous system function. This book explores potential sites of glial-neuronal interactions both in the central and peripheral nervous system, focusing on potential sites of neurotoxicant actions. Text introduces basic aspects of neuroscience, the first step toward understanding the mechanisms at work in normal physiology. The ways in which these processes are disturbed in pathological conditions are discussed. Distinguished authors examine the functional interactions between glial cells and neurons during development, adulthood, and senescence. The roles of glia in the normal CNS and PNS are described. The book offers specific, in-depth examples of directly (via diffusive and cell surface signals) or indirectly (via effects on the extracellular fluid or the blood-brain barrier) mediated glial neurotoxicity. This reference includes different techniques, conceptual frameworks, and approaches that are currently used in the study of the role of glia in neurotoxicity. This timely review not only presents an excellent overview of the state of the science but also provides direction for future research into the consequences of an altered glial-neuronal unit.