Author: Hind Khattab
Publisher: American Univ in Cairo Press
ISBN: 9789774245282
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 244
Book Description
The research body on which this volume is based has been internationally recognized as a pioneering example of interdisciplinary collaboration. Utilizing innovative field methods that combine the best of clinical medicine, epidemiology, and anthropology, the study examines the reproductive health of women living in an economically deprived rural area in Egypt's Giza governorate. The research here gathered into one volume reveals not only the actual status of women's reproductive health but also their own perceptions about their health. It shows furthermore that these perceptions, in the context of widespread poverty and prevailing cultural customs, govern reproductive health and the utilization of health services more than any other single factor. It is hoped that the study's findings and methodology may be usefully applied with appropriate modifications by policymakers and health service providers in many parts of the world. This important addition to the international literature will be essential reading for anyone interested in public or reproductive health, as well as demographers, medical anthropologists, and medical sociologists.
Giza Study
Author: Hind Khattab
Publisher: American Univ in Cairo Press
ISBN: 9789774245282
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 244
Book Description
The research body on which this volume is based has been internationally recognized as a pioneering example of interdisciplinary collaboration. Utilizing innovative field methods that combine the best of clinical medicine, epidemiology, and anthropology, the study examines the reproductive health of women living in an economically deprived rural area in Egypt's Giza governorate. The research here gathered into one volume reveals not only the actual status of women's reproductive health but also their own perceptions about their health. It shows furthermore that these perceptions, in the context of widespread poverty and prevailing cultural customs, govern reproductive health and the utilization of health services more than any other single factor. It is hoped that the study's findings and methodology may be usefully applied with appropriate modifications by policymakers and health service providers in many parts of the world. This important addition to the international literature will be essential reading for anyone interested in public or reproductive health, as well as demographers, medical anthropologists, and medical sociologists.
Publisher: American Univ in Cairo Press
ISBN: 9789774245282
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 244
Book Description
The research body on which this volume is based has been internationally recognized as a pioneering example of interdisciplinary collaboration. Utilizing innovative field methods that combine the best of clinical medicine, epidemiology, and anthropology, the study examines the reproductive health of women living in an economically deprived rural area in Egypt's Giza governorate. The research here gathered into one volume reveals not only the actual status of women's reproductive health but also their own perceptions about their health. It shows furthermore that these perceptions, in the context of widespread poverty and prevailing cultural customs, govern reproductive health and the utilization of health services more than any other single factor. It is hoped that the study's findings and methodology may be usefully applied with appropriate modifications by policymakers and health service providers in many parts of the world. This important addition to the international literature will be essential reading for anyone interested in public or reproductive health, as well as demographers, medical anthropologists, and medical sociologists.
Digital Giza
Author: Peter Der Manuelian
Publisher: metaLABprojects
ISBN: 9780674731233
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
The Giza Plateau represents perhaps the most famous archaeological site in the world. With the advent of new technologies, the Necropolis is now accessible in four dimensions. Peter Der Manuelian explores technologies for cataloging and visualizing Giza and offers more general philosophical reflection on the nature of visualization in archaeology.
Publisher: metaLABprojects
ISBN: 9780674731233
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
The Giza Plateau represents perhaps the most famous archaeological site in the world. With the advent of new technologies, the Necropolis is now accessible in four dimensions. Peter Der Manuelian explores technologies for cataloging and visualizing Giza and offers more general philosophical reflection on the nature of visualization in archaeology.
Pyramids of the Giza Plateau
Author: Charles Rigano
Publisher: Author House
ISBN: 1496952499
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 227
Book Description
The most remarkable piece of ground in the World as Flinders Petrie described the Giza Plateau. Here the Pyramid Complexes of Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure have stood for 4,600 years. The Giza pyramids have been scientifically studied for the last 300 years; now for the first time all three are brought together in one book. Virtually all contemporary "pyramid" books address only Khufu's Great Pyramid. This book provides a complete detailed look at all three Giza pyramids and their complexes: the Sphinx, subsidiary pyramids, temples, boat pits, and enclosures. The descriptions are supplemented by almost 300 photos and drawings to provide the reader a detail look which can only be surpassed by being there in person with a very knowledgeable guide. But it is not just descriptions as the complexes are today, but how the early explorers entered the pyramids and what they found. In addition Charles Rigano provides new ideas on: * How Khufu was interred in his Great Pyramid. * How the first robbers gained entry and robbed Khufu's pyramid. * How Caliph Al Mamun in 820AD really penetrated the Great Pyramid. * Why Heterpheres "tomb" is at Giza. * Why there is a field of stone bases near Khafre's Pyramid. * The initial smaller plan for Khafre's Pyramid. * Conclusive evidence that ties the Sphinx to Khafre. * How Menkaure's Burial Chamber and Inclined Passage were built. In this book Charles Rigano combines both his on-site examinations and study of more than 200 references from the early explorers to the recent Egyptologists to form a complete picture of the Pyramid Complexes. This material is available nowhere else in a single volume.
Publisher: Author House
ISBN: 1496952499
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 227
Book Description
The most remarkable piece of ground in the World as Flinders Petrie described the Giza Plateau. Here the Pyramid Complexes of Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure have stood for 4,600 years. The Giza pyramids have been scientifically studied for the last 300 years; now for the first time all three are brought together in one book. Virtually all contemporary "pyramid" books address only Khufu's Great Pyramid. This book provides a complete detailed look at all three Giza pyramids and their complexes: the Sphinx, subsidiary pyramids, temples, boat pits, and enclosures. The descriptions are supplemented by almost 300 photos and drawings to provide the reader a detail look which can only be surpassed by being there in person with a very knowledgeable guide. But it is not just descriptions as the complexes are today, but how the early explorers entered the pyramids and what they found. In addition Charles Rigano provides new ideas on: * How Khufu was interred in his Great Pyramid. * How the first robbers gained entry and robbed Khufu's pyramid. * How Caliph Al Mamun in 820AD really penetrated the Great Pyramid. * Why Heterpheres "tomb" is at Giza. * Why there is a field of stone bases near Khafre's Pyramid. * The initial smaller plan for Khafre's Pyramid. * Conclusive evidence that ties the Sphinx to Khafre. * How Menkaure's Burial Chamber and Inclined Passage were built. In this book Charles Rigano combines both his on-site examinations and study of more than 200 references from the early explorers to the recent Egyptologists to form a complete picture of the Pyramid Complexes. This material is available nowhere else in a single volume.
The Giza Prophecy
Author: Scott Creighton
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1591439426
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 346
Book Description
A detailed study of the proportions of the Giza pyramids and how they reveal shifts in the Earth’s axis in the remote past—and near future • Debunks the “pyramids as tombs” theory and shows how they are “recovery vaults” to ensure the rebirth of civilization after a global disaster • Explains in detail how the angles and geometry of the Great Pyramid record a shift of the world’s axis in 3980 BCE and predict more to come • Uncovers the location of an additional as-yet-undiscovered “recovery vault” on the Giza plateau, as revealed in the myth of Osiris Offering a radical new perspective on the Great Pyramid of Giza and all the structures surrounding it, including the Sphinx, Scott Creighton and Gary Osborn show how the designers of Giza intentionally arranged these massive structures to create an astronomical timeline recording catastrophic events in the past as well as warning later generations of the precise times of future catastrophes. They reveal how the Old Kingdom pyramids of Giza were created, not as tombs for the pharaohs and their queens, but as “recovery vaults” to ensure the rebirth of the Kingdom of Egypt after a global disaster by acting as storehouses for ancient Egyptian culture--its tools, seeds, art, and sacred texts. Through the use of photos, maps, and diagrams of the Giza plateau, the authors explain in detail how the angles and geometry of the Great Pyramid align with the stars of Orion’s Belt to encode an important message: that changes in the tilt of the world’s axis have occurred in the remote past, most recently in 3980 BCE, and will occur again in the near future. Highlighting the ubiquitous appearance of 23.5-degree angles--the most important of the precessional angles encoded in the Giza pyramids--in classic works of art, including the work of Leonardo da Vinci and portraits of John the Baptist and George Washington, the authors reveal how this angle, the Great Pyramid, and its fateful message are tied to Freemasonry and other secret societies. Concluding with the remarkable revelation triggered by the myth of Osiris that there may be an as-yet-undiscovered 14th “recovery vault” on the Giza plateau, Creighton and Osborn show that the prophecy of Giza is a message of first importance to our own civilization.
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 1591439426
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 346
Book Description
A detailed study of the proportions of the Giza pyramids and how they reveal shifts in the Earth’s axis in the remote past—and near future • Debunks the “pyramids as tombs” theory and shows how they are “recovery vaults” to ensure the rebirth of civilization after a global disaster • Explains in detail how the angles and geometry of the Great Pyramid record a shift of the world’s axis in 3980 BCE and predict more to come • Uncovers the location of an additional as-yet-undiscovered “recovery vault” on the Giza plateau, as revealed in the myth of Osiris Offering a radical new perspective on the Great Pyramid of Giza and all the structures surrounding it, including the Sphinx, Scott Creighton and Gary Osborn show how the designers of Giza intentionally arranged these massive structures to create an astronomical timeline recording catastrophic events in the past as well as warning later generations of the precise times of future catastrophes. They reveal how the Old Kingdom pyramids of Giza were created, not as tombs for the pharaohs and their queens, but as “recovery vaults” to ensure the rebirth of the Kingdom of Egypt after a global disaster by acting as storehouses for ancient Egyptian culture--its tools, seeds, art, and sacred texts. Through the use of photos, maps, and diagrams of the Giza plateau, the authors explain in detail how the angles and geometry of the Great Pyramid align with the stars of Orion’s Belt to encode an important message: that changes in the tilt of the world’s axis have occurred in the remote past, most recently in 3980 BCE, and will occur again in the near future. Highlighting the ubiquitous appearance of 23.5-degree angles--the most important of the precessional angles encoded in the Giza pyramids--in classic works of art, including the work of Leonardo da Vinci and portraits of John the Baptist and George Washington, the authors reveal how this angle, the Great Pyramid, and its fateful message are tied to Freemasonry and other secret societies. Concluding with the remarkable revelation triggered by the myth of Osiris that there may be an as-yet-undiscovered 14th “recovery vault” on the Giza plateau, Creighton and Osborn show that the prophecy of Giza is a message of first importance to our own civilization.
Investigating Reproductive Tract Infections and Other Gynaecological Disorders
Author: Shireen Jejeebhoy
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139438360
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 486
Book Description
Reproductive tract infections and other gynaecological disorders among women represent an enormous global health burden. This significant book will help focus research on this important though neglected area. The primary aims of the book are to provide an overview of reproductive tract infections and other gynaecological disorders, to highlight the conceptual and methodological challenges associated with undertaking research on this subject, and to serve as a reference for future research in this area. The book focuses on developing country settings, and recognizes that gathering this sort of information requires a multidisciplinary and culturally sensitive approach. Findings from the research described in this book will undoubtedly assist physicians, social scientists, epidemiologists and public health practitioners in evaluating the magnitude of this problem within the community at large and in identifying potentially effective medical and behavioural interventions to address this problem.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139438360
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 486
Book Description
Reproductive tract infections and other gynaecological disorders among women represent an enormous global health burden. This significant book will help focus research on this important though neglected area. The primary aims of the book are to provide an overview of reproductive tract infections and other gynaecological disorders, to highlight the conceptual and methodological challenges associated with undertaking research on this subject, and to serve as a reference for future research in this area. The book focuses on developing country settings, and recognizes that gathering this sort of information requires a multidisciplinary and culturally sensitive approach. Findings from the research described in this book will undoubtedly assist physicians, social scientists, epidemiologists and public health practitioners in evaluating the magnitude of this problem within the community at large and in identifying potentially effective medical and behavioural interventions to address this problem.
The Red Sea Scrolls: How Ancient Papyri Reveal the Secrets of the Pyramids
Author: Mark Lehner
Publisher: Thames & Hudson
ISBN: 0500777020
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 488
Book Description
The inside story, told by excavators of the extraordinary discovery of the world’s oldest papyri, revealing how Egyptian King Khufu’s men built the Great Pyramid at Giza. Pierre Tallet’s discovery of the Red Sea Scrolls—the world’s oldest surviving written documents—in 2013 was one of the most remarkable moments in the history of Egyptology. These papyri, written some 4,600 years ago, and combined with Mark Lehner’s research, changed what we thought we knew about the building of the Great Pyramid at Giza. Here, for the first time, the world-renowned Egyptologists Tallet and Lehner give us the definitive account of this astounding discovery. The story begins with Tallet’s hunt for hieroglyphic rock inscriptions in the Sinai Peninsula and leads up to the discovery of the papyri, the diary of Inspector Merer, who oversaw workers in the reign of Pharaoh Khufu in Wadi el-Jarf, the site of an ancient harbor on the Red Sea. The translation of the papyri reveals how the stones of the Great Pyramid ended up in Giza. Combined with Lehner’s excavations of the harbor at the pyramid construction site the Red Sea Papyri have greatly advanced our understanding of how the ancient Egyptians were able to build monuments that survive to this day. Tallet and Lehner narrate this thrilling discovery and explore how the building of the pyramids helped create a unified state, propelling Egyptian civilization forward. This lavishly illustrated book captures the excitement and significance of these seminal findings, conveying above all how astonishing it is to discover a contemporary eyewitness testimony to the creation of the only remaining Wonder of the Ancient World.
Publisher: Thames & Hudson
ISBN: 0500777020
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 488
Book Description
The inside story, told by excavators of the extraordinary discovery of the world’s oldest papyri, revealing how Egyptian King Khufu’s men built the Great Pyramid at Giza. Pierre Tallet’s discovery of the Red Sea Scrolls—the world’s oldest surviving written documents—in 2013 was one of the most remarkable moments in the history of Egyptology. These papyri, written some 4,600 years ago, and combined with Mark Lehner’s research, changed what we thought we knew about the building of the Great Pyramid at Giza. Here, for the first time, the world-renowned Egyptologists Tallet and Lehner give us the definitive account of this astounding discovery. The story begins with Tallet’s hunt for hieroglyphic rock inscriptions in the Sinai Peninsula and leads up to the discovery of the papyri, the diary of Inspector Merer, who oversaw workers in the reign of Pharaoh Khufu in Wadi el-Jarf, the site of an ancient harbor on the Red Sea. The translation of the papyri reveals how the stones of the Great Pyramid ended up in Giza. Combined with Lehner’s excavations of the harbor at the pyramid construction site the Red Sea Papyri have greatly advanced our understanding of how the ancient Egyptians were able to build monuments that survive to this day. Tallet and Lehner narrate this thrilling discovery and explore how the building of the pyramids helped create a unified state, propelling Egyptian civilization forward. This lavishly illustrated book captures the excitement and significance of these seminal findings, conveying above all how astonishing it is to discover a contemporary eyewitness testimony to the creation of the only remaining Wonder of the Ancient World.
Comprehensive Study of the Origin of Humankind
Author: Ryanne Maxine Meyersohn
Publisher: Rosa Amelia Figueroa Nieves
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 1073
Book Description
‘AWARD-WINNING BOOK’ 'Silver Medal - Readers' Favorite International Book Award Contest and 5 Stars Book Reviews 'Literary Titan Gold Book Award and 5 Stars Book Reviews’ ‘Amazon Bestseller - #1 History of the Middle East and #2 Ancient Early Civilization History’ The Anunnaki gods from the planet Nibiru carried out a mission on Earth, and the story was documented in clay tablets or Mesopotamian texts discovered in the ruins of buildings in the Middle East. Scholars have proposed that some Genesis stories had already appeared in Mesopotamian texts thousands of years ago. This proposal motivated us to evaluate the most relevant texts. Although most scholars believe that the Mesopotamian texts are mythology, the research was carried out under the premise that their content corresponds to real events. Analysis of academic translations of the texts revealed that many details critical to understanding the story have not been revealed. An exhaustive analysis of the data determined the most probable dates of the events. The book presents the events related to the arrival of the Anunnaki to Earth and the consequences of their mission chronologically according to findings in Mesopotamian texts and ancient books. Various sources, including apocryphal books, reports from ancient historians, scientific research, and archaeological records, supplemented the research. Many riddles were decoded, including who the Anunnaki and the Igigi (watchers, Nephilim) were. Why, when, and how did H. sapiens originate, how did the other species arise, and why did they become extinct? Why and when did the Anunnaki arrive and finally leave Earth? When will the planet Nibiru return to our area in the inner solar system? The results and findings of this research deserve to be known due to the probability that the stories in the Mesopotamian texts really happened. The book's proposals differ from what we have learned in educational institutions about the origin of humanity and invite critical thinking to reflect on the history of the Anunnaki gods. Enthusiastic readers of the extraterrestrial theme will find innovative proposals.
Publisher: Rosa Amelia Figueroa Nieves
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 1073
Book Description
‘AWARD-WINNING BOOK’ 'Silver Medal - Readers' Favorite International Book Award Contest and 5 Stars Book Reviews 'Literary Titan Gold Book Award and 5 Stars Book Reviews’ ‘Amazon Bestseller - #1 History of the Middle East and #2 Ancient Early Civilization History’ The Anunnaki gods from the planet Nibiru carried out a mission on Earth, and the story was documented in clay tablets or Mesopotamian texts discovered in the ruins of buildings in the Middle East. Scholars have proposed that some Genesis stories had already appeared in Mesopotamian texts thousands of years ago. This proposal motivated us to evaluate the most relevant texts. Although most scholars believe that the Mesopotamian texts are mythology, the research was carried out under the premise that their content corresponds to real events. Analysis of academic translations of the texts revealed that many details critical to understanding the story have not been revealed. An exhaustive analysis of the data determined the most probable dates of the events. The book presents the events related to the arrival of the Anunnaki to Earth and the consequences of their mission chronologically according to findings in Mesopotamian texts and ancient books. Various sources, including apocryphal books, reports from ancient historians, scientific research, and archaeological records, supplemented the research. Many riddles were decoded, including who the Anunnaki and the Igigi (watchers, Nephilim) were. Why, when, and how did H. sapiens originate, how did the other species arise, and why did they become extinct? Why and when did the Anunnaki arrive and finally leave Earth? When will the planet Nibiru return to our area in the inner solar system? The results and findings of this research deserve to be known due to the probability that the stories in the Mesopotamian texts really happened. The book's proposals differ from what we have learned in educational institutions about the origin of humanity and invite critical thinking to reflect on the history of the Anunnaki gods. Enthusiastic readers of the extraterrestrial theme will find innovative proposals.
The Origin Map
Author: Thomas G. Brophy
Publisher: iUniverse
ISBN: 0595241220
Category : Archaeoastronomy
Languages : en
Pages : 184
Book Description
On a desolate plain in the Egyptian Sahara desert, west of Aswan, there is a very remote prehistoric site called Nabta Playa. There, a recently discovered complex of extremely ancient man-made megalithic structures have baffled the archaeologists who excavated them. An insight into the meaning and use of the megaliths led to a step-by-step sequence of discoveries, verified by measure and calculation, revealing that the megalithic architecture at Nabta Playa is a unified and detailed astrophysical map of truly astonishing accuracy, with no less than staggering implications. Written for the educated general reader, with technical appendices, the discovery of how to decipher the system of megalithic structures is reported with gripping clarity.
Publisher: iUniverse
ISBN: 0595241220
Category : Archaeoastronomy
Languages : en
Pages : 184
Book Description
On a desolate plain in the Egyptian Sahara desert, west of Aswan, there is a very remote prehistoric site called Nabta Playa. There, a recently discovered complex of extremely ancient man-made megalithic structures have baffled the archaeologists who excavated them. An insight into the meaning and use of the megaliths led to a step-by-step sequence of discoveries, verified by measure and calculation, revealing that the megalithic architecture at Nabta Playa is a unified and detailed astrophysical map of truly astonishing accuracy, with no less than staggering implications. Written for the educated general reader, with technical appendices, the discovery of how to decipher the system of megalithic structures is reported with gripping clarity.
Applied Machine Learning for Smart Data Analysis
Author: Nilanjan Dey
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429804571
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 245
Book Description
The book focuses on how machine learning and the Internet of Things (IoT) has empowered the advancement of information driven arrangements including key concepts and advancements. Ontologies that are used in heterogeneous IoT environments have been discussed including interpretation, context awareness, analyzing various data sources, machine learning algorithms and intelligent services and applications. Further, it includes unsupervised and semi-supervised machine learning techniques with study of semantic analysis and thorough analysis of reviews. Divided into sections such as machine learning, security, IoT and data mining, the concepts are explained with practical implementation including results. Key Features Follows an algorithmic approach for data analysis in machine learning Introduces machine learning methods in applications Address the emerging issues in computing such as deep learning, machine learning, Internet of Things and data analytics Focuses on machine learning techniques namely unsupervised and semi-supervised for unseen and seen data sets Case studies are covered relating to human health, transportation and Internet applications
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429804571
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 245
Book Description
The book focuses on how machine learning and the Internet of Things (IoT) has empowered the advancement of information driven arrangements including key concepts and advancements. Ontologies that are used in heterogeneous IoT environments have been discussed including interpretation, context awareness, analyzing various data sources, machine learning algorithms and intelligent services and applications. Further, it includes unsupervised and semi-supervised machine learning techniques with study of semantic analysis and thorough analysis of reviews. Divided into sections such as machine learning, security, IoT and data mining, the concepts are explained with practical implementation including results. Key Features Follows an algorithmic approach for data analysis in machine learning Introduces machine learning methods in applications Address the emerging issues in computing such as deep learning, machine learning, Internet of Things and data analytics Focuses on machine learning techniques namely unsupervised and semi-supervised for unseen and seen data sets Case studies are covered relating to human health, transportation and Internet applications
Systems for Cytogenetic Analysis in Vicia Faba L.
Author: G.P. Chapman
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 940096210X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Book Description
Unlike the situation in the major cereals, the yields of Vicia faba have not been markedly increased during the last half century. There is no single cause for this but among those that have been important is the lack of cytogenetic understanding in relation to breeding performance. Since as a consequence, little genetic variation has been available to agronomists conclusions, probably unwarranted, have been drawn about the limited prospects for the faba bean. Against such a background it has been difficult to justify the investment of research resources in the crop. The central theme of this book is that with the establishment of cytogenetic studies in Vicia faba understanding of its genetic system will develop in relation to breeding improvement and thereafter some at least, of the impediments to yield increase can steadily though not dramatically, be removed. We have distinguished between longer and shorter papers and only the former include Abstracts. The latter amplify themes in the longer papers or were written to develop particular topics at the request of the editors. G.P. Chapman S.A. Tarawali Wye College, April, 1984 VIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank the various contributors to this publication for the readiness with which they have met our various req~ests. Our thanks are due to the staff of the Centre for European Agricultural Studies for facilitating arrangements for the Seminar and to Mr. Peter Abott and Carl Zeiss (Oberkochen) Ltd. for the display of microscopes.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 940096210X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 192
Book Description
Unlike the situation in the major cereals, the yields of Vicia faba have not been markedly increased during the last half century. There is no single cause for this but among those that have been important is the lack of cytogenetic understanding in relation to breeding performance. Since as a consequence, little genetic variation has been available to agronomists conclusions, probably unwarranted, have been drawn about the limited prospects for the faba bean. Against such a background it has been difficult to justify the investment of research resources in the crop. The central theme of this book is that with the establishment of cytogenetic studies in Vicia faba understanding of its genetic system will develop in relation to breeding improvement and thereafter some at least, of the impediments to yield increase can steadily though not dramatically, be removed. We have distinguished between longer and shorter papers and only the former include Abstracts. The latter amplify themes in the longer papers or were written to develop particular topics at the request of the editors. G.P. Chapman S.A. Tarawali Wye College, April, 1984 VIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank the various contributors to this publication for the readiness with which they have met our various req~ests. Our thanks are due to the staff of the Centre for European Agricultural Studies for facilitating arrangements for the Seminar and to Mr. Peter Abott and Carl Zeiss (Oberkochen) Ltd. for the display of microscopes.