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Author: Rebeca Fenoy Baena Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : es Pages :
Book Description
En este proyecto se realiza un estudio teórico del tratamiento físico químico a los fangos de estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales mediante la adición de óxido cálcico. De forma que se compara y analiza esta alternativa de gestión de tratamiento previo de los fangos de depuradora para su posterior valorización y/o utilización del producto final obtenido en diferentes ámbitos. Todo ello se realiza para el soporte en el trabajo de tesis de Ricardo José Granados en el desarrollo y ensayo de validación de la planta piloto de tratamiento de fangos de depuradora con óxido cálcico. Dicho Proyecto está vinculado a la tarea 6b del proyecto SOSTAQUA, desarrollado dentro del Programa CENIT, promovido dentro del Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial (CDTI). Los objetivos planteados son el estudio de este tratamiento frente a las otras vías de gestión más utilizadas hoy en día como el tratamiento orgánico (compostaje), el secado térmico de los fangos o la digestión aeróbica y anaeróbica entre otros. De forma que se define y analiza el proceso de estudio con la tecnología desarrollada para este tratamiento realizando un análisis teórico del proceso, una descripción de la tecnología utilizada, una evaluación de la viabilidad y una definición de sus aplicaciones posteriores. Después de realizar un estudio de los diferentes tratamiento previos de los fangos y de las diferentes alternativas de aplicación se define y describe la instalación necesaria para el tratamiento de los lodos con óxido cálcico, se analiza el proceso de estabilización de los fangos que tiene lugar en la planta realizando un balance de masas y energías y se realiza la evaluación de impacto ambiental del proceso. Los resultados obtenidos según los valores fijados para el estudio tales como la cantidad de lodos que van a ser tratados, las características de estos lodos, etc. Son la obtención de un producto seco, homogéneo e inertizado viable para su valorización mediante la incorporación en la fabricación de cemento o de materiales de construcción o mediante la disposición del producto obtenido en vertederos de clase II. El producto obtenido en el proceso de estudio tiene una reducción de humedad del 65 % en masa respecto de los fangos de entrada al proceso y además pierde un 65% aproximadamente del peso total de los productos de entrada en el proceso. Esto es gracias a las reacciones que tienen lugar de hidrólisis del CaO y de la degradación de la materia orgánica, las cuales son exotérmicas de forma que la energía que liberan permite la evaporación del agua contenida en los fangos y hace que no sea necesario la aportación de energía extra para la realización del tratamiento.
Author: Rebeca Fenoy Baena Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : es Pages :
Book Description
En este proyecto se realiza un estudio teórico del tratamiento físico químico a los fangos de estaciones depuradoras de aguas residuales mediante la adición de óxido cálcico. De forma que se compara y analiza esta alternativa de gestión de tratamiento previo de los fangos de depuradora para su posterior valorización y/o utilización del producto final obtenido en diferentes ámbitos. Todo ello se realiza para el soporte en el trabajo de tesis de Ricardo José Granados en el desarrollo y ensayo de validación de la planta piloto de tratamiento de fangos de depuradora con óxido cálcico. Dicho Proyecto está vinculado a la tarea 6b del proyecto SOSTAQUA, desarrollado dentro del Programa CENIT, promovido dentro del Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial (CDTI). Los objetivos planteados son el estudio de este tratamiento frente a las otras vías de gestión más utilizadas hoy en día como el tratamiento orgánico (compostaje), el secado térmico de los fangos o la digestión aeróbica y anaeróbica entre otros. De forma que se define y analiza el proceso de estudio con la tecnología desarrollada para este tratamiento realizando un análisis teórico del proceso, una descripción de la tecnología utilizada, una evaluación de la viabilidad y una definición de sus aplicaciones posteriores. Después de realizar un estudio de los diferentes tratamiento previos de los fangos y de las diferentes alternativas de aplicación se define y describe la instalación necesaria para el tratamiento de los lodos con óxido cálcico, se analiza el proceso de estabilización de los fangos que tiene lugar en la planta realizando un balance de masas y energías y se realiza la evaluación de impacto ambiental del proceso. Los resultados obtenidos según los valores fijados para el estudio tales como la cantidad de lodos que van a ser tratados, las características de estos lodos, etc. Son la obtención de un producto seco, homogéneo e inertizado viable para su valorización mediante la incorporación en la fabricación de cemento o de materiales de construcción o mediante la disposición del producto obtenido en vertederos de clase II. El producto obtenido en el proceso de estudio tiene una reducción de humedad del 65 % en masa respecto de los fangos de entrada al proceso y además pierde un 65% aproximadamente del peso total de los productos de entrada en el proceso. Esto es gracias a las reacciones que tienen lugar de hidrólisis del CaO y de la degradación de la materia orgánica, las cuales son exotérmicas de forma que la energía que liberan permite la evaporación del agua contenida en los fangos y hace que no sea necesario la aportación de energía extra para la realización del tratamiento.
Author: Ricardo-José Granados Granados Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : es Pages : 308
Book Description
Urban wastewater treatment plants produce a variety of residuals during their operation, the typology of which are in function of the design of the treatment process. The problem aborded in the present thesis refers to the sludge produced as a result of the treatment. After the banning of disposal to continental and/or marine waters, established at the EU through Directive 91/271 CEE and then in Spain trough Royal Decree [RD 11/95] those sludges should be object, essentially after treatment, of controlled using or disposition. Previously to the using or disposition a previous treatment can be required, that could be organic (essentially composting with other amendments), drying or other physic-chemical treatment, between those last alkaline stabilization. Alkaline stabilization can accomplish on a single step reduction or elimination of pathogen vectors, smell elimination and a reduction in the putrefaction potential. Its base is the alteration of the physic-chemical characteristics of the environment of the sludge by addition of alkaline material. One of the processes of inertization, object of the analysis proposed in the present thesis, is the treatment realized trough addition of calcium oxide. Essentially it is a physic-chemical treatment trough which it is possible to obtain a dry product with the addition of calcium oxide (quicklime) to the urban wastewater sludge. The result of the chemical reactions and water evaporation is oriented to obtain a dry product (10% humidity) as powder and with a reduction of mass in relation to the original wastewater sludge of about 40%. The realized work have been developed over the basis of the analysis of the technical, economical and environmental feasibility of the proposed alternative, using though normalized methodology on each of the different concrete aspects that are developed. A very important part of the experimental work which validates the technology under study has been developed at pilot plant level. Additionally, the proposed management alternative of the sludge includes using the inertized sludge as a secondary raw material in Portland cement clínker production, having been developed a industrial pilot test to validate the theoretical hypothesis been established. The thesis has been developed in the core of task 6b of Project Sostaqua in program CENIT, promoted by the Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico e Industrial (CDTI). This had as an objective the creation of new knowledge to contribute to the development of a sustainable water life cycle. Being the sludge part of that cycle, task 6b has intended demonstrate the feasibility of the treatment with addition of alkaline agents, in this case with addition of calcium oxide. Over the basis of the obtained results it has been considered that the proposed process constitutes a feasible alternative to the management of the urban wastewater sludge. Considering that this management it is a difficult task to abroad, due to the technical difficulties implied, it should be convenient to diversify the alternatives in order to have backup treatment capacity in order to avoid the final disposition to landfill.
Author: Eliot Epstein Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9781566764780 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 512
Book Description
FROM THE PREFACE The main objective of composting is to transform organic materials into a stable usable product. Often organic materials which may have limited beneficial use in their raw state or have regulatory disposal constraints can be transformed by composting into marketable products. The limits on beneficial reuse may be regulations or they may be due to the potential for materials to be putrescible or pathogenic. Composting can be a solution for each of these. The implementation of composting on a large scale (in contrast to home or backyard composting) involves materials handling. Technological implementation of composting must be consistent with the biological demand of the system. If the biological system is violated, conditions will not be optimized for composting, and problems such as odor generation, insufficient aeration or moisture, or a combination of these conditions may result. Past problems and closure of facilities have been largely due to violations of the biological systems. Product quality with respect to particle size, inclusions, moisture content and other physical aspects are a function of engineering design. A well designed system must have the biological and engineering principles in harmony at all times.
Author: Piet Lens Publisher: IWA Publishing ISBN: 1843391007 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 545
Book Description
Soil and Sediment Remediation discusses in detail a whole set of remediative technologies currently available to minimise their impact. Technologies for the treatment of soils and sediments in-situ (landfarming, bioscreens, bioventing, nutrient injection, phytoremediation) and ex-situ (landfarming, bio-heap treatment, soil suspension reactor) will be discussed. The microbiological, process technological and socio-economical aspects of these technologies will be addressed. Special attention will be given to novel biotechnological processes that utilise sulfur cycle conversions, e.g. sulfur and heavy metal removal from soils. Also the potential of phytoremediation will be highlighted. In addition, treatment schemes for the clean-up of polluted megasites, e.g. harbours and Manufactured Gaswork Plants (MGP), will be elaborated. The aim of Soil and Sediment Remediation is to introduce the reader in: the biogeochemical characteristics of soil and sediments- new techniques to study soil/sediment processes (molecular probes, microelectrodes, NMR) clean up technologies for soils polluted with organic (PAH, NAPL, solvents) or inorganic (heavy metals) pollutants- preventative and remediative strategies and technologies available in environmental engineering novel process applications and bioreactor designs for bioremediation the impact of soil pollution on society and its economic importance.
Author: Bruce E. Logan Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118230078 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 493
Book Description
A unique approach to the challenges of complex environmental systems Environmental Transport Processes, Second Edition provides much-needed guidance on mass transfer principles in environmental engineering. It focuses on working with uncontrolled conditions involving biological and physical systems, offering examples from diverse fields, including mass transport, kinetics, wastewater treatment, and unit processes. This new edition is fully revised and updated, incorporating modern approaches and practice problems at the end of chapters, making the Second Edition more concise, accessible, and easy to use. The book discusses the fundamentals of transport processes occurring in natural environments, with special emphasis on working at the biological physical interface. It considers transport and kinetics in terms of systems that involve microorganisms, along with in-depth coverage of particles, size spectra, and calculations for particles that can be considered either spheres or fractals. The book's treatment of particles as fractals is especially unique and the Second Edition includes a new section on exoelectrogenic biofilms. It also addresses dispersion in natural and engineered systems unlike any other book on the subject. Readers will learn to tackle with confidence complex environmental systems and make transport calculations in heterogeneous environments with mixtures of chemicals.
Author: Thomas Morton Little Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 380
Book Description
Logic, research, and experiment; Some basic concepts; The analysis of variance and t tests; The completely randomized design; The randomized complete block design; Mean separation; The latin square design; The split-plot design; The split-split plot; The split-block; Subplots as repeated observations; Transformations; Linear correlation and regression; Curvilinear relations; Shortcur regression methods for equally spaced observations or treatments; Correlalion and regression for more than two variables; Analysis of counts; Heterogeneity; Summary; Improving precision; Selected references; Appendix tables.
Author: Nandita Dasgupta Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319987089 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 298
Book Description
This is the second volume on Environmental Nanotechnology. The first chapter discusses the synthesis of nanomaterial and mainly the green synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials. Furthermore, a comperative discussion about resistive and capacitive measurement of nano-based biosensor is reviewed and the efficient delivery of nutraceutical with the help of nano-vehicles are explained. Moreover, the book also includes reviews on such topics as nanopharmaceuticals, health benefits and the toxic impact of heavy metal nanomaterials and the impact of several nanomaterials on plant abiotic stress and have focussed on the long term impacts of nanomaterials on agroecosystems. The reader will also find presentations on molecularly imprinted polymeric nanocomposites, critical and comparative comments on Nano-biosensors and Nano-aptasensors and on applications of nanotechnology for the remediation and purification of water with a main focus on drinking water. The last chapter presents a comprehensive review on plasmonic nanoparticle based sensors whereby the authors have hypothesized the future applications in the environment which can be plausible in the near future.
Author: Zhenhong Yuan Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG ISBN: 311042486X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 568
Book Description
The book provides an overview on various microorganisms and their industrialization in energy conversion, such as ethanol fermentation, butanol fermentation, biogas fermentation and fossil energy conversion. It also covers microbial oil production, hydrogen production and electricity generation. The content is up to date and suits well for both researchers and industrial audiences.
Author: Rebeca Fenoy Baena
Author: Rebeca Fenoy Baena
Author: Ricardo-José Granados Granados
Author: Eliot Epstein
Author: Piet Lens
Author: Bruce E. Logan
Author: Thomas Morton Little
Author: United States. Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations
Author: Nandita Dasgupta
Author: Zhenhong Yuan
Author: Richard W. James