Author: Bradley Ian HillmanPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 382
Book Description
Genome Organization, Replication, and Defective RNAs of Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus
Author: Bradley Ian HillmanTomato Bushy Stunt Virus and DI RNAs as a Model for Studying Mechanisms of RNA Virus Replication, Pathogenicity and Recombination. Final Technical Report for 1994--1997
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 7
Book Description
Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) is a small icosahedral virus with a very broad host-range. The symptoms of systemic infection range from mild mosaic to severe necrosis that often results in death. The genome of TBSV is composed of a single plus stranded RNA molecule with five genes. Two 5 inch genes are translated from the viral RNA, and the remaining three are translated from two subgenomic RNAs. Prior to the DOE supported studies, TBSV gene function had been assigned solely on the basis of sequence similarity with other virus genes of known function. The two 5 inch proximal genes (p33 and p92) were thought to be involved in viral replication, the middle gene encoded the capsid protein (p41), but no clear function was assigned to two nested 3 inch genes (p19 and p22), although it was suggested that at least one could be involved in movement. This research has determined the roles of each of the viral genes in the infection process, and the authors have obtained considerable genetic information pertinent to the contributions of the coat protein and the nested genes to the disease phenotypes observed in several host plants. They have also identified another genetic element with a short open reading frame in the 3 inch-noncoding region of the genome that provides a host-dependent replication function.
Satellites and Defective Viral RNAs
Author: Peter K. VogtPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662097966
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 276
Book Description
The nine chapters presented in this book provide contemporary reviews of research on defective RNAs, satellite RNA viruses, and dependent RNA viruses that require the presence of a helper virus in order to establish productive infections. Since their initial identification nearly four decades ago, fundamental analyses of pathogenic and interdependent interactions involving these agents have contributed enormously to our appreciation of virus structure, RNA replication, and processes leading to disease. Findings arising from these studies have also advanced numerous ancillary areas, including structure and function of nucleic acids and proteins, nucleoprotein interactions, translational mechan isms, RNA processing, macromolecular evolution, and a plethora of other specialty topics. Research on these subviral pathogens is continuing to illuminate various aspects of biology, chemistry, and biotechnology, so the book is intended to provide a current treatment that will be useful for readers with interests in topics related to these areas. Observations in the early I 960s first revealed that a defective virus, satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV), is associated with and depends on the presence of a hel per virus, tobacco necrosis virus (TNV), for its multiplication. This finding ushered in a new era in virology that soon resulted in a more profound apprecia tion of the relationships of viruses and their interactions with each other.
Replication of Viral and Cellular Genomes
Author: Yechiel BeckerPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461338883
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 379
Book Description
Biosynthesis of cellular and viral DNA and RNA has been a major topic in molecular biology and biochemistry. The studies by Arthur Kornberg and his colleagues on the in-vitro synthesis of DNA have opened new avenues to understanding the processes controlling the duplication of the genetic information encoded in the DNA and RNA of bacterial and mammalian cells. Viral nucleic acids are replicated in infected cells (bacterial, plant, and animal) by virus coded enzymes with or without the involvement of proteins and enzymes coded by the host cells. The ability of the virus to replicate its genome within a relatively short period in the infected cell makes it an excellent biological tool for studying the molecular events in nucleic acid replication. Indeed, the identification of a number of virus-coded proteins that participate in the biosynthesis of X174 and SV40 DNA has led to the construction of in-vitro systems for the study of nucleic acid biosynthesis. Similarly, studies on the replication of other phage, animal and plant viruses have provided an insight into the nucleic acid sequences from which DNA synthesis is initiated, as well as the proteins and enzymes that regulate the catalyse biosynthetic processes. Investi gation of the molecular processes involved in the replication of cellular and mitochondrial genomes has gained momentum from the rapid developments in the analyses of viral nucleic acid biosynthesis.
Evaluation of a Viral Vector System, Based on a Defective Interfering RNA of Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus, for Protein Expression and the Induction of Gene Silencing
Author: Christian NaumerGenome Organization, Replication, and Defective RNAs of Clover Yellow Mosaic Virus
Author: Karl Andrew WhiteGCD10 and GCD14 Proteins Facilitate Tomato Bushy Stunt Viral (TBSV) RNA Replication in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
Author: Hyuk Ho SheenPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) is a positive-sense RNA virus and its genome replication requires two viral proteins, p33 and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase p92. Previous studies showed that the 5 untranslated region (5UTR) of the genome is important, albeit not essential, for viral RNA replication in plants. Here, my study shows that the 5UTR is also important for viral RNA replication in S. cerevisiae, a model host for TBSV. Using the TBSV 5UTR as bait RNA and a streptotag-based RNA pull-down assay, GCD10 and GCD14 were identified as specific 5UTR-binding proteins. Subsequent electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) shows that GCD10 and GCD14 proteins bind directly to the 5 UTR and both subunits are required for the binding. To investigate the possible importance of GCD10 and GCD14 proteins in TBSV RNA replication, the replication of a TBSV RNA replicon was analyzed in wild type, GCD10 knockdown and GCD14 knockout yeast strains. Reduction of GCD10 protein and deletion of GCD14 protein in the yeast strains significantly inhibited TBSV subviral defective interfering (DI) RNA replication, suggesting that both GCD10 and GCD14 proteins facilitate TBSV DI replication. Importantly, through western analyses, we confirmed that the reduced levels of the replicon in the yeast strains were not due to altered p33 and p93 protein levels. To gain mechanistic insights on TBSV RNA replication, 5UTR-lacking DI (5'UTR-DI) was also tested in the wildtype, GCD10 knockdown and GCD14 knockout strains. Since 5'UTR-DI replicates without the 5 UTR, its replication was expected to be independent of GCD10 knockdown or GCD14 knockout. As expected, replication of the 5UTR-DI was not inhibited by GCD10 knockdown, showing that GCD10 protein functions only through the 5 UTR. However, replication of 5UTR-DI was inhibited in GCD14 knockout strain, suggesting that GCD14 protein functions through the 5 UTR, but is also able to affect replication by a different mechanism. Although the functions of the 5 UTR binding proteins appear to be complex, my results show that GCD10 and GCD14 proteins are important for TBSV RNA replication in S. cerevisiae. Mechanistic perspectives of the functions of these two proteins are discussed.
RNA Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Author: Jan BarciszewskiPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401144850
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 373
Book Description
RNA Biochemistry and Biotechnology describes various aspects of nucleic acid and protein structure, mainly RNA structure and proteins, interacting with specific RNA species. Papers deal with DNA protein interactions, telomerase, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, elongation factor Tu, DNA repair, RNA structure, NMR technology, RNA aptamer interaction of biological macromolecules with metal ions. Two papers deal with theoretical aspects of RNA structure production and computer modelling. Many papers describe the possibility of commercial application of RNA biotechnology. One article discusses the impact of direct democracy on basic science supporting biotechnology. Readership: Advanced graduate students, Ph.D. students and young scientists as well as specialists in the field.
Structural Requirements in an Essential Segment of Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus Defective Interfering RNAS
Author: Fred L. RobinsonPlant Virology
Author: Roger HullPublisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123848725
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1119
Book Description
The seminal text Plant Virology is now in its fifth edition. It has been 10 years since the publication of the fourth edition, during which there has been an explosion of conceptual and factual advances. The fifth edition of Plant Virology updates and revises many details of the previous edition while retaining the important earlier results that constitute the field's conceptual foundation. Revamped art, along with fully updated references and increased focus on molecular biology, transgenic resistance, aphid transmission, and new, cutting-edge topics, bring the volume up to date and maintain its value as an essential reference for researchers and students in the field. Thumbnail sketches of each genera and family groups Genome maps of all genera for which they are known Genetic engineered resistance strategies for virus disease control Latest understanding of virus interactions with plants, including gene silencing Interactions between viruses and insect, fungal, and nematode vectors Contains over 300 full-color illustrations