Genetics of Resistance to Fusarium Wilt in Tomato PDF Download

Author: Brian Bournival
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 162

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Author: G. Kalloo
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642842755
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 358

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The esculent Lycopersicon esculentum, long thought to be poisonous, has become a major U. S. food crop and source of vitamins and minerals, thanks largely to genetic modification and new production technology Rick (1978) Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ) is one of the most important solana ceous vegetable crops grown worldwide under outdoor and indoor conditions. It has become an important commercial crop so far as the area, production, industrial values and its contribution to human nutrition is concerned. During the past few decades tremendous developments have contributed to the knowledge and understanding of various areas of genetics, breeding and biotechnology and voluminous literature has been generated. The purpose of preparing this monograph is to give a comprehensive up-to-date treatment to the various aspects of genetic improvement of tomato. The emphasis has been placed on cytology, classical and molecular genetics, reproductive biology, germplasm resources, hybrid seed production, use of wild taxa, selection/ breeding methods, breeding for abiotic and biotic stresses, processing and quality breeding, improvement for mechanical harvesting, and biotechnology: tissue culture, protoplast fusion, and genetic transformation. These topics are presented in 22 different chapters. However, a few aspects have been discussed in more than one chapter. For example, seed production is treated in chapters 1, 4 and 8; molecular biology/genetic engineering in chapters 3 and 22 and heterosis in chapters 8 and 16.

Author: Ginny Theng Teng Lim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fusarium wilt of tomato
Languages : en
Pages : 494

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Author: Allen Richard Trotter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Tomato wilts
Languages : en
Pages : 160

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Author: Orapin Chareesri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Tomato wilts
Languages : en
Pages : 110

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Author: Arthur Nathanael Lowe Butler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plant breeding
Languages : en
Pages : 148

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Author: Ema Laura García-Enciso
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages :

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Fusarium oxysporum causes vascular wilt disease in a broad range of crops, including tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Tomato, a major and important vegetable crop, is susceptible to F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), a biotrophic pathogen that is the causal agent of tomato wilt resulting in significant yield losses each year. Development of disease in susceptible tomato plants requires FOL to advance through a series of transitions, beginning with spore germination and culminating with establishment of a systemic infection. In addition, many host attributes, including the composition of root exudates, the structure of the root cortex, and the capacity to recognize and respond quickly to invasive growth of a pathogen, can impede the development of FOL. FOL divides into races on the basis of the ability of individual strains to overcome specific genes. This implies the presence of avirulence genes (Avr) in the fungus that is recognized by products of the corresponding genes. In tomato, resistance (R) genes against the wilt-inducing FOL are called immunity genes, and the interaction between these genes will determine the success of the infection.

Author: Harold Ernest Fischer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Plant breeding
Languages : en
Pages : 210

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Author: Luis Eduardo Sanchez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fusarium oxysporum
Languages : en
Pages : 220

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Author: Yvonne Gonzalez-Cendales
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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The I-7 gene, which confers resistance to Fol race 3, was introgressed from Solanum pennellii and recently recognised as a new resistance gene distinct from the I-3 gene. Since the chromosomal location of I-7 was unknown, no markers were available for the marker-assisted breeding of I-7 genotypes. Therefore, one aim of this project was to identify the chromosomal location of the I-7 gene and develop reliable PCR-based markers suitable for the marker-assisted breeding of I-7. Further aims were to identify and characterise the I-7 gene, and examine the resistance phenotype conferred by I-7. GFP-tagged derivatives of Fol race 3 were generated (Chapter 2) to observe the infection process and determine the timing and location of resistance conferred by I-7. Previously, using a gene replacement strategy, the promoter from the Fol Avr3 effector gene was used to drive GFP expression and show that the Avr3 promoter was only expressed in fungal hyphae growing inside the plant root (van der Does et al., 2008a). Unfortunately, Avr3 replacement reduces pathogenicity, so new transformants were generated with ectopic insertions carrying a Avr3 promoter:GFP reporter construct. Microscopic analysis of tomato roots challenged with these transformants showed that fluorescent hyphae could be imaged successfully, but unfortunately these transformants also showed reduced virulence. After an intensive but unproductive marker-based search for the S. pennellii introgression carrying I-7 (Chapter 3), an RNA-seq experiment was conducted to identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in root transcripts derived from genes in the introgressed region (Chapter 4). Sequencing of root transcripts from the tomato cultivars Tristar (carrying I-7) and M82 (lacking I-7) enabled detection of a large number of SNPs. A plot of SNP frequency against gene position revealed a higher frequency of SNPs in 18 transcripts encoded by a cluster of genes on chromosome 8. CAPS markers based on these SNPs showed strong linkage with I-7. An orthologue of Solyc08g077740 was identified as a candidate for I-7. Transcriptome sequencing was also used to identify genes responsive to Fol race 3 infection in Tristar (Chapter 4). Analysis of the RNA-seq data revealed 38 genes that were significantly upregulated in Tristar but not the susceptible cultivar M82, including a number of genes reported to have a role in plant defence. Alleles of the I-7 candidate gene were cloned and sequenced from I-7 resistant (Tristar) and susceptible (M82) cultivars of tomato (Chapter 5). Transgenic plants expressing these alleles were generated from susceptible tomato lines and tested for resistance to Fol. The Tristar transgene but not the M82 transgene conferred resistance to Fol race 3, showing that the S. pennellii allele of Solyc08g077740 is I-7. I-7 was also found to confer resistance to Fol races 1 and 2. Based on predicted amino acid sequence, I-7 possesses a domain structure typical of extracellular leucine-rich repeat-receptor-like proteins. Further work to characterise I-7 (Chapter 6) found that I-7 resistance is dependent on the downstream signalling gene EDS1, and that I-7 confers resistance to Fol race 3 through recognition of an effector protein other than Avr3.