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Author: Malik Muhammad Khan Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 9783847343400 Category : Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
Drought is the most common adverse environmental condition that can seriously reduce crop productivity. Increasing crop resistance to drought stress would be the most economical approach to improve agricultural productivity and to reduce agricultural use of fresh water resources. As a result, understanding the drought tolerance and breeding for drought resistant crop plants has been the major goal of plant breeders. Sorghum is well-known for its capacity to tolerate conditions of limited moisture and to produce during periods of extended drought. Twenty sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes with known drought tolerance traits were used in this study. The present study will be conducted to evaluate the genetic variability for drought tolerance in sorghum genotypes at molecular level.
Author: Malik Muhammad Khan Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 9783847343400 Category : Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
Drought is the most common adverse environmental condition that can seriously reduce crop productivity. Increasing crop resistance to drought stress would be the most economical approach to improve agricultural productivity and to reduce agricultural use of fresh water resources. As a result, understanding the drought tolerance and breeding for drought resistant crop plants has been the major goal of plant breeders. Sorghum is well-known for its capacity to tolerate conditions of limited moisture and to produce during periods of extended drought. Twenty sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes with known drought tolerance traits were used in this study. The present study will be conducted to evaluate the genetic variability for drought tolerance in sorghum genotypes at molecular level.
Author: Yi-Hong Wang Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1482210096 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 366
Book Description
Sorghum is one of the hardiest crop plants in modern agriculture and also one of the most versatile. Its seeds provide calorie for food and feed, stalks for building and industrial materials and its juice for syrup. This book provides an in-depth review of the cutting-edge knowledge in sorghum genetics and its applications in sorghum breeding. Each
Author: Raymond Ngao Mutava Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is the fifth most economically important cereal crop grown worldwide and adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions. Drought stress has been ranked as one of the most significant causes of crop yield loss with its effects on yield and yield components. Conservative water use by plants is one of the strategies that can be used as a drought coping mechanism. The slow wilting trait has been associated with conservative water use and has been found in some sorghum genotypes. The purpose of this study was to use canopy temperature to screen for drought tolerance in sorghum, evaluate water use efficiency for slow wilting sorghum genotypes and determine variability in root morphology and response to drought among sorghum genotypes. Canopy temperature studies were conducted under field conditions using infrared (IR) sensors while water use efficiency and root studies were conducted under greenhouse conditions. Our results showed a distinct separation in canopy temperature among genotypes under field conditions at 2:00 pm to 6:00 pm. Midday canopy temperature depression (CTD) was positively correlated to yield (R2 = 0.19) and harvest index (R2 = 0.11). CTD was also stable for all the genotypes during the period from 1:00 pm to 7:00 pm. There was a negative correlation between CTD and crop water stress index (CWSI) (R2 = 0.34) and a positive one between canopy temperature and CWSI (R2 = 0.50). Evaluation of genotypes for water use efficiency revealed significant variability among sorghum genotypes in the amount of water used (10.48 - 13.52 kg) and transpiration efficiency (TE) (2.64 - 7.11 g kg−1) among genotypes. Slow wilting genotypes were high in TE. Rooting depth increased for some genotypes under drought stress with genotype SC1124 recording the largest increase (180%). Total root length for some genotypes increased by 11 - 113% with genotypes SC224 and SC1019 recording the greatest increase. There was a positive correlation between water used and root length (R2 = 0.21). These results show that there is potential for selection of drought tolerance in sorghum and that genotypes with the slow wilting traits are efficient in water use.
Author: Kahiu Ngugi Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 9783846544365 Category : Languages : en Pages : 92
Book Description
Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench is the fifth most important cereal crop globally and in Africa, it is the second most important after Maize. In Kenya, Sorghum is an important food security crop mainly cultivated in semi-arid agro-ecological zones on area of about 150,000 ha where annual rainfall is about 250mm . The major constraint to low yields is due to prolonged drought stress and frequent drought occurrence. In order to alleviate the low yields in the face of continuing climate change, there is need to identify germ-plasm that possesses drought tolerance genes/alleles and that can be harnessed to improve sorghum adaptation to drought stress. This study assessed the phenotypic and genotypic performance of sorghum local land-races grown in Kenya and characterized their genetic diversity under drought stress conditions. The results reported here showed that Kenyan sorghum germ-plasm is highly polymorphic and genetically diverse.The land-races can be categorized as having been selected for earliness or drought escape, drought tolerance as represented by the many newly identified stay-green genotypes and has also been selected for high yielding but drought susceptible alleles.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is the fourth most important cereal crop grown throughout the semi-arid regions of the world. It is a staple food crop in Africa and Asia, while it is an important feed crop in the United States (US). More recently it is increasingly becoming important as a potential bioenergy feedstock crop around the world. The state of Kansas is the largest producer of grain sorghum in the US and contributes 40% of the total production. Drought is one of the major environmental factors limiting sorghum production in the semi-arid regions of the US, Asia and Africa. It is estimated that global crop losses due to drought stress exceed $10 billion annually. In crop production, drought stress can be classified into pre- or post-flowering. Even though the world collections of sorghum contain over 35,000 accessions, the genetic base currently used in breeding programs is very small (about 3%). Thus, it is important to identify diverse breeding lines for crop improvement. The diversity (association) panel consisting of 300 sorghum lines from all over the world was assembled for trait evaluation and association mapping. In this research these lines were grouped into the five major races (Figure 1) and 10 intermediate races of sorghum. The objectives of the research are to: (i) quantify the performance of the diversity panel under field conditions in Kansas, (ii) identify critical physiological traits affected by drought at both pre- and post-flowering stages of sorghum development, (iii) identify the most sensitive stage to drought stress during the reproductive phase of sorghum development and, (iv) test the feasibility of using a chlorophyll fluorescence assay (CVA) as a tool for identifying stay-green lines in grain sorghum during early stages of crop development. Field experiments were conducted in 2006 and 2007 in two locations in Kansas (Manhattan and Hays) under rain fed and irrigated conditions for the association panel. Objectives (iii) and (iv) were achieved with controlled environment experiments conducted in the greenhouse at the agronomy department, Kansas State University in 2006 and 2007. Results showed that there was large genetic variability among and within different races in the diversity panel for growth, physiological traits and yield components. Some genotypes showed yield stability across the different environments that were investigated. Drought significantly decreased seed number and harvest index across genotypes and races. In grain sorghum the period prior to flowering (panicle initiation) was the most sensitive stage to drought stress, in terms of its effect on seed-set, during reproductive development. A cell viability assay showed that there were significant differences in the loss of cell viability between leaf sample of stay green and non-stay green genotypes when leaf samples are collected in the morning and subjected to high respiratory demand. Therefore the chlorophyll fluorescence assay has potential as a tool for stay green trait screening at early stages of growth in grain sorghum.
Author: Karen Ruth Harris Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is the fifth most economically important cereal grown worldwide and is a source of food, feed, fiber and fuel. Sorghum, a C4 grass and a close relative to sugarcane, is adapted to hot, dry adverse environments. Some genotypes of sorghum called stay-green have delayed leaf senescence during grain ripening under drought stress conditions which allows normal grain filling whereas most sorghum lines senesce early under post-anthesis drought. Eight sources of stay-green have been identified in the sorghum germplasm collection, most originating from Sudan and Ethiopia. The diversity of the eight sources of staygreen was analyzed using 55 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers with genome coverage. This analysis showed that the sources of stay-green are quite diverse and can be divided into five groups based on race or working group. Three sources of stay-green have been used to identify 12 major quantitative trait loci (QTL) that modulate this trait. The origin of favorable alleles for stay-green was traced backward to ancestral lines and forward into breeding materials derived from stay-green germplasm. The analysis of the origin of favorable alleles for stay-green helped explain why subsets of stay-green QTL were identified in different studies and provided evidence that there may be more than one favorable allele in the sorghum germplasm for several of the stay-green QTL. Analysis of stay-green breeding lines from three public sorghum-breeding programs revealed that one of the main QTL identified in mapping studies was not being used in the breeding programs (0/13), most likely due to its association with an allele for lemon yellow seeds. In addition, a subset of the regions containing favorable alleles for staygreen from the genotype BTx642 were over represented in stay-green breeding lines. Nearly isogenic lines containing favorable alleles from BTx642 for Stg1, Stg2, Stg3, and Stg4 in a RTx7000 (senescent) background were characterized and each NIL was shown to exhibit a stay-green phenotype. Based in part on this information, fine-mapping of Stg1 was undertaken by crossing the Stg1 NIL to RTx7000. Overall, these results revealed the origin of favorable alleles for stay-green and the current utilization of alleles for stay-green in public breeding programs. In addition, this study identified additional stay-green sources that could be used for further QTL analysis and highlighted the genetic complexity of the stay-green trait.
Author: Malik Muhammad Khan
Author: Malik Muhammad Khan
Author: Tesfamichael Abraha
Author: Yi-Hong Wang
Author: Raymond Ngao Mutava
Author: Kahiu Ngugi
Author: 
Author: Robert-Jan Willem-Alexander Quené
Author: Karen Ruth Harris
Author: Tesfamichael A. Negash
Author: Joseph Davenport Snowden