Genetic Diversity of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) Germplasm and Hybrid Potential Under Contrasting Environments in Mozambique PDF Download

Author: Eduardo Pinto Mulima
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 394

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Author: Molly Jane Parkhurst
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 67

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Sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, is a globally important cereal crop that has now been widely recognized for its versatile potential as a food, a feedstock and an alternative fuel source. The fuel is obtained through the enzymatic degradation and subsequent fermentation of cellulose and hemicellulose extracted from the plant biomass or direct fermentation of the starches available in the grain. For maximum potential in biomass and grain production, the genetic diversity represented in available germplasm collections must be assessed for traits of importance to biofuel production and incorporated into future breeding programs. As a first step, this study focuses on genotypic diversity in a collection of 43 accessions of S. bicolor assessed with AFLP markers in conjunction with measurement of biomass production, height and grain yield. The results obtained from this study suggest significant differences in phenotypic diversity among the accessions collected from different parts of the world. Ample diversity was also found in the genotypes of the accessions included, though not much genetic structure was implied. Through the analysis of genetic diversity and phenotypic variability, we have identified germplasm accessions that deserve further mapping studies. The identification of these accessions provides sorghum breeders new genetic stocks that can increase the yield potential of sorghum varieties while expanding the genetic base of commercial sorghum production.

Author: Yi-Hong Wang
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482210096
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 366

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Sorghum is one of the hardiest crop plants in modern agriculture and also one of the most versatile. Its seeds provide calorie for food and feed, stalks for building and industrial materials and its juice for syrup. This book provides an in-depth review of the cutting-edge knowledge in sorghum genetics and its applications in sorghum breeding. Each

Author: Leo Thokoza Mpofu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production in Africa is widespread with low yields due to low inputs and the lack of sorghum hybrids. This situation has forced most of these farmers to grow maize hybrids since they are readily available in the seed market. Sorghum hybrids could be used if their potential was demonstrated. The objective of this study is to document the level of heterosis in Southern Africa sorghum germplasm. The performance of 52 F1 grain sorghum hybrids and their parental lines was evaluated in four environments. Measurements for grain yield, panicle exsertion, days to mid anthesis and plant height were analyzed to obtain estimates of high parent heterosis. High parent heterosis was observed to be 37.18% for yield, 82.77% for exsertion, 0.02% for days to mid anthesis and 23.7% for height. ICSR-939 and (87EON366*90EON328)-LD30 can be used as testers to develop more female lines for further hybrid seed production in breeding programs because they had the highest general combining ability. Protein content averaged 11.69%. ATx635 had significantly higher protein content than ATx631 (13.49% compared to 9.69%, respectively) and its hybrids had more protein than ATx631 hybrids (11.6% compared to 10.67% for ATx631). Mean heterosis for protein content was negative at -12.5%. This shows that hybrids had lower protein content than their parents since protein content is negatively correlated to grain yield ( -0.35**). Starch content averaged 72.13% and ATx631 hybrids had more starch than ATx635 hybrids (73.16 compared to 72.37% respectively). Two hybrids, ATx. 631/(87EON366*90EON328)-LD30 and ATx631/ ((TAM428*SV1)*CE151)-LD3 had the highest yields (5.04 t/ha and 4.93 t/ha, respectively). These hybrids also had small grains with good hardness and acceptable whiteness. They had good exsertion, flowered in good time and had acceptable plant heights. These two hybrids were compared to regional check varieties Macia and Tegemeo for all traits and they were either superior or within an acceptable range. These two hybrids are therefore recommended for release in the region. There is need therefore to start working on the various components of seed systems in the region so that seed of these two hybrids is made available to farmers who need the seed.

Author: HARIS M. R
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 140

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Author: Ignacio A. Ciampitti
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0891186271
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 528

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Sorghum is among the top five cereals and one of the key crops in global food security efforts. Sorghum is a resilient crop under high-stress environments, ensuring productivity and access to food when other crops fail. Scientists see the potential of sorghum as a main staple food in a future challenged by climate change. The contributors provide a comprehensive review of sorghum knowledge. The discussion covers genetic improvements, development of new hybrids, biotechnology, and physiological modifications. Production topics include water and nutrient management, rotations, and pest control. Final end uses, sorghum as a bioenergy crop, markets, and the future of sorghum are presented. IN PRESS! This book is being published according to the “Just Published” model, with more chapters to be published online as they are completed.

Author: Sarah June Schloss
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 256

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Author: Frank Maulana
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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The approach used to identify inbred lines that can produce superior hybrids is costly and time-consuming. It requires creation of all possible crosses and evaluation of the crosses to estimate combining abilities for the desired traits. Predicting heterosis or hybrid performance in any way possible may help to reduce the number of crosses to be made and evaluated. In this study, four sets of experiments were conducted to determine whether heterosis can be predicted based on inbred line performance, genetic distance between parents and genomic prediction model. The first experiment was aimed at assessing the levels of genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD) in 279 public sorghum inbred lines, based on 66,265 SNPs generated using the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) platform. The inbred lines were developed at different times over the last two decades and harbor robust diversity in pedigree and agronomic characteristics. Some of the inbreds are resistant to Acetolactate synthase (ALS) and Acetyl co-enzyme-A carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor herbicides. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) and gene diversity across the entire inbreds were 0.35 and 0.46, respectively with non-herbicide resistant inbreds harboring more diversity than the herbicide resistant ones. The population structure analysis clustered the inbred lines into three major subgroups according to pedigree and fertility-reaction with the maintainer lines (B-lines) distinctly forming a separate cluster. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed more variation within subgroups than among subgroups. Substantial linkage disequilibrium (LD) was detected between the markers in the population with marked variation between chromosomes. This information may facilitate the use of the inbreds in sorghum breeding programs and provide perspectives for optimizing marker density for gene mapping and marker-assisted breeding. The second experiment, based on 102 F1 hybrids developed by intercrossing closely and distantly related inbreds, was conducted to investigate the relationship of genetic distance between parents with hybrid vigor or heterosis. The F1 hybrids alongside their parents were evaluated at two environments in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results show that correlations of genetic distance between parents with hybrid performance and heterosis were variable and dependent on the trait. Though most were statistically non-significant and not strong to be used as predictor for heterosis, the results tend to show that certain level of genetic distance between parents is needed to capture maximum heterosis and hybrid performance. The objective of the third research study was to determine whether traits measured on parents can be used to predict hybrid performance in sorghum and to assess the combining ability of selected inbreds. Forty-six parental inbred lines and 75 F1 hybrids generated from intercrossing the inbreds were evaluated in four environments in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The average performance of the parents (mid-parent) was significantly correlated with hybrid performance for thousand kernel weight, days to flowering and plant height. Significant general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities were observed for most traits, with highly significant GCA effects observed for most traits as compared to SCA indicating that additive genetic effects are more important in affecting the inheritance of the traits measured. Results show that studying parental inbred line performance could generate important information for predicting hybrid performance in sorghum. The fourth experiment was aimed at assessing the efficacy of genomic prediction of hybrid performance in sorghum. Genomic prediction was performed with five-fold cross-validation procedure on 204 F1 hybrids developed using 102 inbred lines. A total of 66,265 SNP markers generated using genotyping-by-sequencing were used in this study. Results showed that increasing training population size increased prediction accuracies for all traits with the effect being different for different traits. Also, considering additive effects alone versus additive and dominance effects in the model showed similar trend of prediction accuracy but the full model (considering both additive and dominance effects of the markers) provided better prediction at least for some of the traits. The results suggest that genomic prediction could become an effective tool for predicting the performance of untested sorghum hybrids thus adding efficiency to hybrid selection.

Author: Kahiu Ngugi
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783846544365
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 92

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Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench is the fifth most important cereal crop globally and in Africa, it is the second most important after Maize. In Kenya, Sorghum is an important food security crop mainly cultivated in semi-arid agro-ecological zones on area of about 150,000 ha where annual rainfall is about 250mm . The major constraint to low yields is due to prolonged drought stress and frequent drought occurrence. In order to alleviate the low yields in the face of continuing climate change, there is need to identify germ-plasm that possesses drought tolerance genes/alleles and that can be harnessed to improve sorghum adaptation to drought stress. This study assessed the phenotypic and genotypic performance of sorghum local land-races grown in Kenya and characterized their genetic diversity under drought stress conditions. The results reported here showed that Kenyan sorghum germ-plasm is highly polymorphic and genetically diverse.The land-races can be categorized as having been selected for earliness or drought escape, drought tolerance as represented by the many newly identified stay-green genotypes and has also been selected for high yielding but drought susceptible alleles.

Author: Lydia Ndinelao Nghishikungu-Horn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 236

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