Genetic and Functional Analysis of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Human Subjects PDF Download

Author: Rhiannon Rosalind Turner
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080536379
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 375

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Book Description
Although the function of nitric oxide in a regulatory capacity in the central and peripheral nervous system is widely recognized, the full scope of its actions and its interrelationships with other classes of regulatory molecules is just beginning to be comprehended. This volume contains a number of sophisticated and advanced methods essential for exploring the activity of nitric oxide in the brain. It will be a valuable tool for the established investigator and for those just entering the field. Comprehensive protocols included for detection of NO and related compounds by chemical, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization techniques Newly developed methods for the purification of neuronal and endothelial NO synthase, production of monoclonal antibodies to NO synthase, molecular cloning and expression of NO synthesis, and control of NO synthase gene expression Assessment of NO-mediated functions in neurons, central nervous system, cerebral circulation, synaptic transmission, and vascular tone Calcium imaging by confocal microscopy, evaluation of the effect of NO on iron metabolism, and detection of heme oxygenase-1 and -2 message level and distribution

Author: Michel Félétou
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1615041230
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 309

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The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References

Author: Ernst van Faassen
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080489591
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 444

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Radicals for Life: the Various Forms of Nitric Oxide provides an up-to-date overview of the role of nitrosocompounds and nitrosyl-iron complexes in physiology. Nitrosocompounds can be considered as stabilised forms of nitric oxide, one of the most important regulatory molecules in physiology today. Many nitrosocompounds share some of the physiological functions of nitric oxide, and may be formed inside living organisms. This is the first book to be published that is dedicated to the role of such nitrosocompounds in physiology, with particular emphasis on the nitrosocompounds that are endogenously formed in higher organisms and humans. Points of discussion include: physical and chemical properties of the compounds, the main chemical pathways in vivo, as well as the physiological effects that have been recognised to date. Each of the nineteen chapters is written by distinguished specialists in the field, well known for their original and important contributions to the subject. Also included are results from a wide range of studies in vitro, in cell cultures, animal models and human volunteers. Examples of alternative forms of nitric oxide, with special emphasis on their protective role against widespread human diseases like atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, sexual dysfunction, and renal insufficiency to stroke and ischemia are also included. First monograph to consider and provide an overview of endogenous nitrosocompounds and nitrosyl-iron complexes Extensive bibliographic references, written by specialists of human physiology Providing high scientific quality with a focus on implications for human diseases

Author: Ismail Laher
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783642300172
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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The focus of this collection of illustrated reviews is to discuss the systems biology of free radicals and anti-oxidants. Free radical induced cellular damage in a variety of tissues and organs is reviewed, with detailed discussion of molecular and cellular mechanisms. The collection is aimed at those new to the field, as well as clinicians and scientists with long standing interests in free radical biology. A feature of this collection is that the material also brings insights into various diseases where free radicals are thought to play a role. There is extensive discussion of the success and limitations of the use of antioxidants in several clinical settings.

Author: Susan Ettinger
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128030348
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 335

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Nutritional Pathophysiology of Obesity and Its Comorbidities: A Case-Study Approach challenges students and practitioners to understand the role of nutrients within the pathophysiology and development of disease, specifically those diseases which develop as a result of obesity. Through a case-based approach, the author presents complex clinical scenarios that require multiple treatment strategies, including targeted diet modification as an adjuvant to medical therapy. The book is divided into 9 modules and 5 appendices each of which covers aspects of obesity and its comorbidities. Within each module, a case is detailed with relevant history, laboratory and physical data, and follow-up information. Each case is followed by a resource section which delineates current understanding of the pathophysiology of the condition, as well as the actions of nutrients and food components shown to modify these processes. A "further readings" section cites current supporting clinical and basic literature as well as published guidelines. Explores how obesity is a key player in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, hypertension, and atherosclerosis Integrates current understandings of the molecular mechanisms of nutrient action on the processes of disease development and treatment Presents students and early practitioners with complex clinical scenarios through a practical case-based approach

Author: Anna F. Dominiczak
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0444514562
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 284

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Classic and modern tools of genetics have been applied to hypertension research for some 20 years. This volume in the Handbook of Hypertension series aims to go beyond a simple summary of discoveries and provides a critical commentary on many controversial issues. It will be particularly useful for clinician scientists at all stages of their careers, graduate students and post-doctoral scientists as well as all those interested in cardiovascular medicine and research throughout the entire spectrum from bench to bedside. As in every relatively young area of research, the initial excitement over the early positive observations has not always been confirmed by subsequent larger studies with greater statistical power. Issues related to current recommendations on design of studies and their analysis are therefore included. Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics have been the subjects of many debates in recent years and are of particular importance in hypertension as life-long treatments, frequently with multiple drugs are given to millions of people world-wide. A critical appraisal of this controversial topic is provided. Several chapters on experimental genetics of hypertension with a special focus on physiological genomics are also included.

Author: Hari Shanker Sharma
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080528228
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 623

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Recent research into the anatomy and pathophysiology of the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers suggests that a breakdown in these barriers can result in several diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS). This book presents new findings in the area of blood-brain barrier research that suggest barriers play important roles in health and disease conditions. It also discusses the development of new drugs that can modulate the barrier function in the CNS and may provide new approaches to treating neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and other motor neuron diseases, as well as spinal cord trauma. Key Features * Presents the recent progress made in the research on the blood-brain and spinal cord barrier * Contains numerous illustrations of light and electron micrographs * Includes Foreword written by two eminent researchers in the field, Milton Brightman and Jorge Cervos-Navarro

Author: Bruce Alberts
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815332183
Category : Cytology
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Protasio L. Da Luz
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128125519
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 760

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Endothelium and Cardiovascular Diseases: Vascular Biology and Clinical Syndromes provides an in-depth examination of the role of endothelium and endothelial dysfunction in normal vascular function, and in a broad spectrum of clinical syndromes, from atherosclerosis, to cognitive disturbances and eclampsia. The endothelium is a major participant in the pathophysiology of diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes and hypertension, and these entities are responsible for the largest part of cardiovascular mortality and morbidly. Over the last decade major new discoveries and concepts involving the endothelium have come to light. This important reference collects this data in an easy to reference resource. Written by known experts, and covering all aspects of endothelial function in health and disease, this reference represents an assembly of recent knowledge that is essential to both basic investigators and clinicians. Provides a complete overview of endothelial function in health and diseases, along with an assessment of new information Includes coverage of groundbreaking areas, including the artificial LDL particle, the development of a new anti-erectile dysfunction agent, a vaccine for atherosclerosis, coronary calcification associated with red wine, and the interplay of endoplasmic reticulum/oxidative stress Explores the genetic features of endothelium and the interaction between basic knowledge and clinical syndromes