Genetic and Ecological Aspects of Gene Flow from Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) to Aegilops L. Species PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Genetic and ecological aspects of gene flow from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Aegilops L. species Hybridisation and introgression from crops to wild relatives is a key issue in risk assessment. In the present study, hybridisation and introgression dynamics from hexaploid wheat (2n=42) to tetraploid Aegilops species (2n=28) were investigated by experiments in natural conditions or in the greenhouse, and by genetic analyses. In order to study crop-weed hybridisation as a function of distance, a field trial was set up where Ae. cylindrica was planted in plots at 0, 1, 5, 10 and 25m from a wheat field. In the progeny (14045 seeds sown) we detected hybrids up to 1m from the wheat field. Wheat-specific RAPD fragments were found in Ae. cylindrica x T. aestivum hybrids and BC1 plants. Using a set of Chinese Spring nulli-tetrasomic wheat lines, we were able to assign DNA fragments to wheat chromosomes. Introgressed wheat-specific markers were localised on the three genomes (A, B and D). Some of these markers were transformed into easy-to-use Sequence Characterised Amplified Regions (SCARs), and used to characterise an introgressive series. Ae. cylindrica x GM-wheat hybrids, BC1 and BC1S1 (self-fertilised first backcrosses) were manually produced, in order to study inheritance of transgenes. Female fertility of the hybrids was 0.03-0.6%, BC1 plants had 30-84 chromosomes and displayed highly irregular meioses, their self fertility ranged from 0 to 5.21 %. BC1S1 plants had 28-43 chromosomes and some of them recovered full fertility. One BC1S1 individual contained the bar gene issued from its transgenic wheat progenitor and survived herbicide treatment. A RAPD-based population genetics study was carried out in natural Ae. cylindrica populations, most of them from adventive locations in Switzerland, Italy and the USA. Genetic diversity was low and most of the variance resided among populations. Italian populations from the Aosta valley and a Swiss population were similar or id.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Genetic and ecological aspects of gene flow from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Aegilops L. species Hybridisation and introgression from crops to wild relatives is a key issue in risk assessment. In the present study, hybridisation and introgression dynamics from hexaploid wheat (2n=42) to tetraploid Aegilops species (2n=28) were investigated by experiments in natural conditions or in the greenhouse, and by genetic analyses. In order to study crop-weed hybridisation as a function of distance, a field trial was set up where Ae. cylindrica was planted in plots at 0, 1, 5, 10 and 25m from a wheat field. In the progeny (14045 seeds sown) we detected hybrids up to 1m from the wheat field. Wheat-specific RAPD fragments were found in Ae. cylindrica x T. aestivum hybrids and BC1 plants. Using a set of Chinese Spring nulli-tetrasomic wheat lines, we were able to assign DNA fragments to wheat chromosomes. Introgressed wheat-specific markers were localised on the three genomes (A, B and D). Some of these markers were transformed into easy-to-use Sequence Characterised Amplified Regions (SCARs), and used to characterise an introgressive series. Ae. cylindrica x GM-wheat hybrids, BC1 and BC1S1 (self-fertilised first backcrosses) were manually produced, in order to study inheritance of transgenes. Female fertility of the hybrids was 0.03-0.6%, BC1 plants had 30-84 chromosomes and displayed highly irregular meioses, their self fertility ranged from 0 to 5.21 %. BC1S1 plants had 28-43 chromosomes and some of them recovered full fertility. One BC1S1 individual contained the bar gene issued from its transgenic wheat progenitor and survived herbicide treatment. A RAPD-based population genetics study was carried out in natural Ae. cylindrica populations, most of them from adventive locations in Switzerland, Italy and the USA. Genetic diversity was low and most of the variance resided among populations. Italian populations from the Aosta valley and a Swiss population were similar or id.
Author: Nicola Schoenenberger Publisher: Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG ISBN: 9783838105109 Category : Languages : de Pages : 108
Book Description
Hybridisation and introgression from crops to wild relatives is a key issue in risk assessment. These dynamics between wheat and tetraploid Aegilops L. species were investigated by experiments in natural conditions or in the greenhouse, and by genetic analyses. DNA fragments from different wheat genome areas were tracked along introgression lines with Aegilops cylindrica Host, demonstrating that transgene flow might occur significantly in a scenario of wide cultivation of GM wheat. Insertion of transgenes in unshared genomes between the species would not necessarily prevent functional gene escape into wild grasses. In order to describe crop-weed dynamics in agroecosystems and to quantify inheritance of transgenes, we assessed fertility of the hybrid progeny, pollination distances, molecular and chromosome constitution, and transgene expression. The study then assesses population genetic structure of wild Ae. cylindrica over two continents, revealing a low genetic diversity within the species. The last chapter describes early generation introgression between wheat and Aegilops geniculata Roth, the most widespread and frequent Aegilops species in the Mediterranean area.
Author: Meike S. Andersson Publisher: JHU Press ISBN: 0801893143 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 605
Book Description
Reviewing the relevant scientific and technical literature, this work summarizes the current state-of-the-art knowledge related to gene flow and introgression (the permanent incorporation of genetic information from one set of differentiated populations into another) between genetically modified crops and their wild relatives. They analyze the biological framework for protecting the genetic integrity of indigenous wild relatives of crops in centers of crop origin and diversity, focusing on the issues of emission, dispersal, and deposition of pollen and/or seed; the likelihood and extent of gene flow from crops to wild relatives; and stabilization and the spread of traits in wild species. The material is organized into crop chapters, each of which covers general biological information of the crop; the most important crop wild relatives together with information about their ploidy levels, diverse genomes, centers of origin, and geographic distribution; the crop's potential for hybridization with its wild relatives; pollen flow studies related to pollen dispersal distances and hybridization rates; the current state of the genetic modification technology regarding that crop; and research gaps. The crop chapters discuss banana and plantain; barley; canola and oilseed rape; cassava, manioc, and yucca; chickpea; common bean; cotton; cowpea; finger millet; maize and corn; oat; peanut and groundnut; pearl millet; pigeonpea; potato; rice; sorghum; soybean; sweet potato, batata, and camote; and wheat and bread wheat.
Author: Peter Shewry Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889639797 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 217
Book Description
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Author: John A. Endler Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691081921 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 259
Book Description
Following a review of the diverse and scattered literature on gene flow and population differentiation, the author discusses the relationships among gene flow, dispersal, and migration. He then summarizes the factors which limit the geographic extent of gene flow, and those which allow steep clines to develop in the absence of barriers to gene flow. His analysis draws on examples from the field, experiments, and single- and multiple-locus models.
Author: E. Nevo Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3662071401 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 375
Book Description
This book is about the contribution to evolutionary theory and agricultural technology of one of humankind's most dramatic imitations of the evolu tionary process, namely crop domestication, as exemplified by the progenitor of wheat, Triticum dicoccoides. This species is a major model organism and it has been studied at the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, since 1979. The domestication by humans of wild plants to cultivated ones during the last ten millennia is one of the best demonstrations of evolution. It is a process that has been condensed in time and advanced by artificial rather than natural selection. Plant and animal domestication revolutionized human cultural evolution and is the major factor underlying human civilization. A post-Pleistocene global rise in temperature following the ice age, i.e., climatic-environmental factors, may have induced the expansion of econom ically important thermophilous plants and in turn promoted complex forag ing and plant cultivation. The shift from foraging to steady production led to an incipient agriculture varying in time in various part of the world. In the Levant, agriculture developed out of an intensive specialized exploitation of plants and animals. Natufian sedentism, followed by rapid population growth and resource stress, induced by the expanding desert, coupled with available grinding technology, may have triggered plant domestication.
Author: Aditya Pratap Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461485851 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 323
Book Description
Genetic engineering and biotechnology along with conventional breeding have played an important role in developing superior cultivars by transferring economically important traits from distant, wild and even unrelated species to the cultivated varieties which otherwise could not have been possible with conventional breeding. There is a vast amount of literature pertaining to the genetic improvement of crops over last few decades. However, the wonderful results achieved by crop scientists in food legumes’ research and development over the years are scattered in different journals of the World. The two volumes in the series ‘Alien Gene Transfer in Crop Plants’ address this issue and offer a comprehensive reference on the developments made in major food crops of the world. These volumes aim at bringing the contributions from globally renowned scientists at one platform in a reader-friendly manner. The 1st volume entitled, ‘Alien Gene Transfer in Crop Plants: Innovations, Methods and Risk Assessment” will deal exclusively with the process and methodology. The contents of this volume have been designed to appraise the readers with all the theoretical and practical aspects of wide hybridization and gene transfer like processes and methods of gene transfer, role of biotechnology with special reference to embryo rescue, genetic transformation, protoplast fusion and molecular marker technology, problems such as cross incompatibility and barriers to distant hybridization and solutions to overcome them. Since wild and weedy relatives of crop plants may have negative traits associated with them, there are always possibilities of linkage drag while transferring alien alleles. Therefore, problems and limitations of alien gene transfer from these species will also be discussed in this series. Further, the associated risks with this and assessment of risks will also be given due weightage.
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Author: 
Author: Nicola Schoenenberger
Author: Nicola Schoenenberger
Author: Meike S. Andersson
Author: Peter Shewry
Author: John A. Endler![Gene Flow from Wheat ([i]Triticum Aestivum[/i] L.) to Jointed Goatgrass ([i]Aegilops Cylindrica[/i] Host.), as Revealed by RAPD and Microsatellite Markers PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/_wZXAQAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: 
Author: E. Nevo
Author: Kuey-Chu Chen
Author: Aditya Pratap