Author: J.G.E. FrancaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 165
Book Description
Genetic and Combining Ability Analysis of Some Agronomic and Grain Quality Characters in Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench).
Author: J.G.E. FrancaGenetic and Combining Ability Analysis of Some Agronomic Grain Quality Characters in Sorghum (Sorghum Biclor (L.) Moency).
Author: Jose Geraldo Eugenio De francaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 195
Book Description
Genetic and Combining Ability Analysis of Some Agronomic and Grain Quality Characters in Sorghum
Author: J.G.E.de FRANCAPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 105
Book Description
The objective of this study was to evaluate the combining ability, heterosis and variance components of a set of selected restorers and male sterile in sorghum for the following characters: days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, grain yield per panicle, number of grains per panicle, thousand grain weight, grain breaking strength, % floaters, % water absorption, flour particle size index, rolling quality of the dough and gel spreading. Twenty parental lines - 11 male steriles and 9 restorers and their 99 hybrids formed the experimental material. parents and hybrids were palnted in adjancent trials in a RBD design with threee replications each. The combining ability analysis followed a line x tester mating system. The experiments were carried out under rainfed conditions during the rainy (kharif) and post-rainy (Rabi) seasons of 1982 at ICRISAT Center, patancheru, A.P., India. Significant variation was observed in the genotypes studied for most of the charactrs analysed. Generally the restorers showed larger variation than the male sterile lines. Significant levels of heterosis and heterobeltiosis were observed for plant height, grain yield per panicle, grain number per panicle and % floaters. Dominace was in the direction of earliness, increased height, panicle length, grain number and yield, decreased seed weight, % floaters, flour particle size and gel spreading. The results revealed that most of the agronomic and grain quality characters were highly influenced by additive gene action. (...).
Studies on Genetic Parameters of Agronomic, Grain Structure, and Malting Characteristics of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench)
Author: José Geraldo Eugênio De FrançaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Heterosis
Languages : en
Pages : 412
Book Description
This study had two distinct components: an agronomic/breeding segment and a sorghum malt component. The first consisted of field avaluation for traits related to agronomic performance, combinig ability, and heterosis. It was conducted during 1988 and 1989. The 1988 trial, with 51 genotypes, was sown at College Station and Halfway, TX. During 1989, the trial consisted of 7 females and 13 male parents, their 91 hybrids, a common check (ATx399*RTx430), and another hybrid check in one subset (ATx399*sc103-12E) to balance the whole design. It was conducted at College Station, Halfway, Chillicothe, and Corpus Christi, TX. In the first year each trial was divided into 4 subsets, while during the second, the trial consisted of 8 subsets, each with 15 experiment units.Hybrids, generally had larger panicles and higher yields, were taller, reached anthesis earlier, showed superior harvest indices, and lodged more than the parents. Combinig ability and GCA:SCA mean square ratios showed that general combinig ability variances were significant for all the variables studied. It showed also that additive variance was more important in controlling the genetic expression for the traits measured. The most superior parental lines for grain yield, across environments were ATx631, ATx623, ATx378, RTx430, R8505, VG146 and Dorado. Grain was saved from the field trials to be used in evaluation of some grain and malt characteristics. Sorghum beer is an important components of Africa culture and is used as a food or drink in many (...).
Genetic and Environmental Control of Protein Quantity and Quality and Their Relationships with Certain Agronomic Characters in Sorghum (L.) Moench
Author: F. C. CollinsPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 109
Book Description
Combining ability for grain yield and protein quantity and quality of the grain was investigated in nineteen sorghum lines and in F1 hybrids obtained from certain crosses among the nineteen lines. In 1967 an incompleta diallel was grown which consisted of inbred parents and crosses among 12 lines used as males and four lines used as females. In 1968 a nine parent kialllel was grown which consisted of the parents and one set of F1's. Grain yield, percentage protein, percentage lysine, addition, date of flowering, leaf number, heig ht, flag leaf area index, head exertion, head length, yield per head, and 100 seed weight were examined in the 1968 study. Significant differences among genotypes were found for all characters. Grain yield ranged from 3088 to 15863 Kg/ha, protein varied from 9.18 to 18.22 percent; and the range of lysine was from 1.25 to 2.74 percent. A highly significant general combining ability (GCA) was found only in the 1968 study and it exixtged or every character. Grain yield and percentage lysine had GCA : SCA mean square ratios of less than 10:1 and percentage protein had a 31:1 ratio. Many F1's yielded significantly higher levels of protein than their parents. Among these were hybrids whose parents were superior for yield and protein level. Percentage lysine and yield were unrelated in 1967 but were positively associated in 1968. These results suggest that both additive and non-additive gene action influenced yield, protein, and lysine and that high levels of protein and lysine can be (...).
Genetic Enhancement of Rabi Sorghum
Author: Sanjana ReddyPublisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128019395
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 249
Book Description
Genetic Enhancement of Rabi Sorghum – Adapting the Indian Durras presents both the historical background and the recent research done in breeding this important world crop for more global production. Its chapters cover topics in origin and taxonomy, morphology and breeding behavior, genetics, and cytogenetics, also looking at production, nutrition, and alternate uses. The durra race is Ethiopian in origin and its introgression with wild forms permitted adaptation to drier conditions. These have migrated and adapted to the currently known crop that is cultivated in the winter season and commonly called rabi sorghums. Grown under receding soil moisture conditions, rabi sorghums have tolerance to abiotic stresses apart from biotic stresses, unlike the rainy sorghums that are grown widely in the world. However, they must be more resilient to rapid changes in climate, for example. The variability from winter sorghums is being introgressed into rainy sorghums. With the yield plateaus reached and sorghum gaining importance as a food crop, this book will be of importance to those studying durras and their breeding. - Presents both the historical background and most recent research done in breeding rabi sorghum for more global production - Provides information on the adaptation of the crop and the ways it has migrated to the currently known crop, which is cultivated in winter season and commonly called as rabi sorghum - Explores strategies for resilience as the crop must be prepared to withstand rapid and varying changes in climate
Combining Ability and Heterosis Studies for Adaptation in Newly Developed Male and Female Inbreds of Sorghum, Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench
Author: German Jose PerezPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hybrid sorghum
Languages : en
Pages : 446
Book Description
Agronomic, Genetic and Genomic Approaches for Predicting Heterosis in Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench]
![Agronomic, Genetic and Genomic Approaches for Predicting Heterosis in Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/maODAQAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Frank MaulanaPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
The approach used to identify inbred lines that can produce superior hybrids is costly and time-consuming. It requires creation of all possible crosses and evaluation of the crosses to estimate combining abilities for the desired traits. Predicting heterosis or hybrid performance in any way possible may help to reduce the number of crosses to be made and evaluated. In this study, four sets of experiments were conducted to determine whether heterosis can be predicted based on inbred line performance, genetic distance between parents and genomic prediction model. The first experiment was aimed at assessing the levels of genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD) in 279 public sorghum inbred lines, based on 66,265 SNPs generated using the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) platform. The inbred lines were developed at different times over the last two decades and harbor robust diversity in pedigree and agronomic characteristics. Some of the inbreds are resistant to Acetolactate synthase (ALS) and Acetyl co-enzyme-A carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor herbicides. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) and gene diversity across the entire inbreds were 0.35 and 0.46, respectively with non-herbicide resistant inbreds harboring more diversity than the herbicide resistant ones. The population structure analysis clustered the inbred lines into three major subgroups according to pedigree and fertility-reaction with the maintainer lines (B-lines) distinctly forming a separate cluster. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed more variation within subgroups than among subgroups. Substantial linkage disequilibrium (LD) was detected between the markers in the population with marked variation between chromosomes. This information may facilitate the use of the inbreds in sorghum breeding programs and provide perspectives for optimizing marker density for gene mapping and marker-assisted breeding. The second experiment, based on 102 F1 hybrids developed by intercrossing closely and distantly related inbreds, was conducted to investigate the relationship of genetic distance between parents with hybrid vigor or heterosis. The F1 hybrids alongside their parents were evaluated at two environments in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results show that correlations of genetic distance between parents with hybrid performance and heterosis were variable and dependent on the trait. Though most were statistically non-significant and not strong to be used as predictor for heterosis, the results tend to show that certain level of genetic distance between parents is needed to capture maximum heterosis and hybrid performance. The objective of the third research study was to determine whether traits measured on parents can be used to predict hybrid performance in sorghum and to assess the combining ability of selected inbreds. Forty-six parental inbred lines and 75 F1 hybrids generated from intercrossing the inbreds were evaluated in four environments in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The average performance of the parents (mid-parent) was significantly correlated with hybrid performance for thousand kernel weight, days to flowering and plant height. Significant general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities were observed for most traits, with highly significant GCA effects observed for most traits as compared to SCA indicating that additive genetic effects are more important in affecting the inheritance of the traits measured. Results show that studying parental inbred line performance could generate important information for predicting hybrid performance in sorghum. The fourth experiment was aimed at assessing the efficacy of genomic prediction of hybrid performance in sorghum. Genomic prediction was performed with five-fold cross-validation procedure on 204 F1 hybrids developed using 102 inbred lines. A total of 66,265 SNP markers generated using genotyping-by-sequencing were used in this study. Results showed that increasing training population size increased prediction accuracies for all traits with the effect being different for different traits. Also, considering additive effects alone versus additive and dominance effects in the model showed similar trend of prediction accuracy but the full model (considering both additive and dominance effects of the markers) provided better prediction at least for some of the traits. The results suggest that genomic prediction could become an effective tool for predicting the performance of untested sorghum hybrids thus adding efficiency to hybrid selection.
Author: 
Author: R. G. Sandeep