GENETIC ANALYSIS OF GROUPS OF MID-INFRARED PREDICTED FATTY ACIDS IN MILK. PDF Download

Author: Saranya Narayana
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description
This thesis investigated the phenotypic and genetic variation of five groups of mid-infrared (MIR) predicted fatty acids; short-chain (4 to 10 carbons), medium-chain (12 to 16 carbons), long-chain (17 to 22 carbons), saturated, and unsaturated fatty acids. The predicted fatty acid values (g/dL of milk) were log transformed in order to improve normality. The data set included 49,127 test-day records from 10,029 first lactation Holstein cows in 810 herds. The total number of animals in the pedigree was 76,074. The random regression animal test-day model included: days in milk, herd-test date, and season-age of calving (polynomial regression) as fixed effects, and herd-year of calving, animal and permanent environment effects as random polynomial regressions, and random residual effect. Third and fourth degree of Legendre polynomial were estimated for fixed regression of season-age of calving effect and for the three random regressions, respectively. The average daily heritability estimates were 0.24, 0.32, 0.23, 0.33, and 0.21 for short-chain, medium-chain, long-chain, saturated, and unsaturated fatty acids, respectively. Estimated average daily genetic correlations were positive among all fatty acid groups and ranged from moderate to high (0.63-0.96). This study demonstrates the existence of genetic variation in milk fatty acid profile predicted by MIR spectra. Therefore, milk fatty acid composition can be improved through genetic selection. Keywords: milk fatty acid, mid-infrared, random regression model, heritability.

Author: Allison Fleming
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description
Milk fat influences the economic, nutritional, flavour, and physico-chemical properties of milk and milk products. Genetic selection for fat components is therefore of interest. This would require an efficient means of phenotyping these traits routinely, on a large scale. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability to predict milk fat components using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy and to examine the phenotypic and genetic variation of these traits. Individual cow milk samples from multiple breeds and herds were collected during routine milk recording multiple times throughout the lactation and the MIR spectra obtained. Milk samples were further analyzed for average milk fat globule (MFG) size and fatty acid profile using gold standard methodologies. Partial least squares regression models were employed to develop equations to predict the milk fat component traits from the MIR spectra of milk samples. Genetic parameters were estimated in Holsteins for both the measured and predicted MFG size and predicted fatty acids, along with their genetic correlations with milk production traits using multi-trait animal models. Milk fatty acid contents could be predicted with variable accuracy depending on the calibration set used and the concentration of the fatty acid in milk. In first-parity Holsteins, the predicted groups of fatty acids were found to have genetic correlations of similar magnitude with already recorded milk production traits. Differences in the genetic correlations with fat yield, fat and protein percentages, and fat to protein ratio were found for different fatty acid groups, including different trends in average daily genetic correlations at the beginning of lactation. Average MFG size was significantly affected by herd, breed, days in milk, season, and milking period. The prediction of MFG size from MIR spectra was poor, and predicted values had greater phenotypic correlations with fat percentage than their measured counterparts. A moderate heritability was found for average MFG size, but predicted values had very strong genetic correlations with fat percentage, limiting their utility. Mid-infrared technology provides an opportunity to obtain novel trait phenotypes, including fatty acids, for all milk recorded cows that could be used to help advance the Canadian dairy industry.

Author: Dorian Garrick
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1780642210
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 642

View

Book Description
Since the time of domestication more than 10,000 years ago, cattle have played an increasingly crucial role in the development of human civilizations. Progress has been quite remarkable since the turn of the century; the sequencing of the bovine genome in 2009 launched new avenues for furthering our understanding of theoretical and practical aspects of cattle genetics. Covering a vast array of questions, this book reviews major topics from molecular and developmental genetics, disease resistance and immunogenetics to genetic improvement of dairy and beef breeds, addressing all current problems in the field. This second edition includes a new team of authors and completely new chapters on the genetics of fat production, nutrition, feed intake and efficiency, growth and body composition. Fully updated throughout, it provides a valuable resource on cattle genetics for researchers, breeders, veterinarians and postgraduate students.

Author: Patrick F. Fox
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387288139
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 816

View

Book Description
The Advanced Dairy Chemistry series was first published in four volumes in the 1980s (under the title Developments in Dairy Chemistry) and revised in three volumes in the 1990s. The series is the leading reference on dairy chemistry, providing in-depth coverage of milk proteins, lipids, lactose, water and minor constituents. Advanced Dairy Chemistry Volume 2: Lipids, Third Edition, is unique in the literature on milk lipids, a broad field that encompasses a diverse range of topics, including synthesis of fatty acids and acylglycerols, compounds associated with the milk fat fraction, analytical aspects, behavior of lipids during processing and their effect on product characteristics, product defects arising from lipolysis and oxidation of lipids, as well as nutritional significance of milk lipids. Most topics included in the second edition are retained in the current edition, which has been updated and considerably expanded. New chapters cover the following subjects: Biosynthesis and nutritional significance of conjugated linoleic acid, which has assumed major significance during the past decade; Formation and biological significance of oxysterols; The milk fat globule membrane as a source of nutritionally and technologically significant products; Physical, chemical and enzymatic modification of milk fat; Significance of fat in dairy products: creams, cheese, ice cream, milk powders and infant formulae; Analytical methods: chromatographic, spectroscopic, ultrasound and physical methods. This authoritative work summarizes current knowledge on milk lipids and suggests areas for further work. It will be very valuable to dairy scientists, chemists and others working in dairy research or in the dairy industry.

Author: Da-Wen Sun
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 008092087X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 445

View

Book Description
Written by an international panel of professional and academic peers, the book provides the engineer and technologist working in research, development and operations in the food industry with critical and readily accessible information on the art and science of infrared spectroscopy technology. The book should also serve as an essential reference source to undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers in universities and research institutions. Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy deals with the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. It measure the absorption of different IR frequencies by a sample positioned in the path of an IR beam. Currently, infrared spectroscopy is one of the most common spectroscopic techniques used in the food industry. With the rapid development in infrared spectroscopic instrumentation software and hardware, the application of this technique has expanded into many areas of food research. It has become a powerful, fast, and non-destructive tool for food quality analysis and control. Infrared Spectroscopy for Food Quality Analysis and Control reflects this rapid technology development. The book is divided into two parts. Part I addresses principles and instruments, including theory, data treatment techniques, and infrared spectroscopy instruments. Part II covers the application of IRS in quality analysis and control for various foods including meat and meat products, fish and related products, and others. Explores this rapidly developing, powerful and fast non-destructive tool for food quality analysis and control Presented in two Parts -- Principles and Instruments, including theory, data treatment techniques, and instruments, and Application in Quality Analysis and Control for various foods making it valuable for understanding and application Fills a need for a comprehensive resource on this area that includes coverage of NIR and MVA

Author: P. F. Fox
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319148923
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 598

View

Book Description
This book is the most comprehensive introductory text on the chemistry and biochemistry of milk. It provides a comprehensive description of the principal constituents of milk (water, lipids, proteins, lactose, salts, vitamins, indigenous enzymes) and of the chemical aspects of cheese and fermented milks and of various dairy processing operations. It also covers heat-induced changes in milk, the use of exogenous enzymes in dairy processing, principal physical properties of milk, bioactive compounds in milk and comparison of milk of different species. This book is designed to meet the needs of senior students and dairy scientists in general.

Author: Harald Volden
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9086867189
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 172

View

Book Description
NorFor is a semi-mechanistic feed evaluation system for cattle, which is used by advisors in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. This book describes in detail the system and it covers five main sections. The first is concerned with information on feed characteristics, feed analysis and feed digestion methods. The second section describes the digestion and metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract and the supply and requirement of energy and metabolizable amino acids. The third section considers the prediction of feed intake and physical structure of the diet. The fourth section focuses on model evaluation and the final section provides information on the IT solutions and feed ration formulation by a non-linear economical optimization procedure. This book will be of significant interest to researchers, students and advisors of cattle nutrition and feed evaluation.

Author: Fidel Toldrá
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000342077
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1389

View

Book Description
Dairy foods account for a large portion of the Western diet, but due to the potential diversity of their sources, this food group often poses a challenge for food scientists and their research efforts. Bringing together the foremost minds in dairy research, Handbook of Dairy Foods Analysis, Second Edition, compiles the top dairy analysis techniques and methodologies from around the world into one well-organized volume. Exceptionally comprehensive in both its detailing of methods and the range of dairy products covered, this handbook includes tools for analyzing chemical and biochemical compounds and also bioactive peptides, prebiotics, and probiotics. It describes noninvasive chemical and physical sensors and starter cultures used in quality control. This second edition includes four brand-new chapters covering the analytical techniques and methodologies for determining bioactive peptides, preservatives, activity of endogenous enzymes, and sensory perception of dairy foods, and all other chapters have been adapted to recent research. All other chapters have been thoroughly updated. Key Features: Explains analytical tools available for the analysis of the chemistry and biochemistry of dairy foods Covers a variety of dairy foods including milk, cheese, butter, yogurt, and ice cream Analysis of nutritional quality includes prebiotics, probiotics, essential amino acids, bioactive peptides, and healthy vegetable-origin compounds Includes a series of chapters on analyzing sensory qualities, including color, texture, and flavor. Covering the gamut of dairy analysis techniques, the book discusses current methods for the analysis of chemical and nutritional compounds, and the detection of microorganisms, allergens, contaminants, and/or other adulterations, including those of environmental origin or introduced during processing. Other methodologies used to evaluate color, texture, and flavor are also discussed. Written by an international panel of distinguished contributors under the editorial guidance of renowned authorities, Fidel Toldrá and Leo M.L. Nollet, this handbook is one of the few references that is completely devoted to dairy food analysis – an extremely valuable reference for those in the dairy research, processing, and manufacturing industries.

Author: Phil Williams
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 352

View

Book Description

Author: Miroslav Kaps
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1786390353
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 563

View

Book Description
Designed to cover techniques for analysis of data in the animal sciences, this popular textbook provides an overview of the basic principles of statistics enabling the subsequent applications to be carried out with familiarity and understanding. Each chapter begins by introducing a problem with practical questions, followed by a brief theoretical background. Most topics are followed up with numerical examples to illustrate the methods described using data-sets from animal sciences and related fields. The same examples are then solved using the SAS software package. Written primarily for students and researchers in animal sciences, the text is also useful for those studying agricultural, biological, and veterinary sciences.