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Author: Valerie Bryson Publisher: Policy Press ISBN: 9781861347497 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 234
Book Description
Women's role in the labour market has combined with concerns about the damaging effects of long working hours to push time-related issues up the policy agenda. This book assesses policy alternatives in the light of feminist theory and factual evidence. It introduces mainstream ideas on the nature and political significance of time.
Author: Valerie Bryson Publisher: Policy Press ISBN: 9781861347497 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 234
Book Description
Women's role in the labour market has combined with concerns about the damaging effects of long working hours to push time-related issues up the policy agenda. This book assesses policy alternatives in the light of feminist theory and factual evidence. It introduces mainstream ideas on the nature and political significance of time.
Author: Alan C. Kerckhoff Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521433976 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 292
Book Description
Social arrangements of society's institutions deflect people's achievement patterns. Some schools take only talented students, others take the rest; within schools, students are separated into ability groups. Firms are in different industries and vary in size. During their educational and work careers, people get sorted into these different locations. Diverging Pathways examines that sorting process and shows how it affects people's achievements. Some locations accelerate achievements, others depress them - in elementary, secondary, and postsecondary school programs, and in the labor force. Most important, some people are consistently in the same kinds of locations, repeatedly advantaged or disadvantaged, especially in school. They end up far apart as adults, due in large part to the cumulative effects of the social arrangements they passed through. Diverging Pathways follows the members of a 1958 British birth cohort for the first twenty-three years of their lives. It presents a detailed picture of their family backgrounds and their school and early labor force experiences and achievements. Besides the cumulative effects of institutional locations, it shows major career differences of men and women, and it describes how the interface between postsecondary education and the labor force alters some of the outcomes of elementary and secondary schooling.
Author: Rachel Connelly Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1137568372 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 514
Book Description
This edited volume uses a feminist approach to explore the economic implications of the complex interrelationship between gender and time use. Household composition, sexuality, migration patterns, income levels, and race/ethnicity are all considered as important factors that interact with gender and time use patterns. The book is split in two sections: The macroeconomic portion explores cutting edge issues such as time poverty and its relationship to income poverty, and the macroeconomic effects of recession and austerity; while the microeconomic section studies topics such as differences by age, activity sequencing, and subjective well-being of time spent. The chapters also examine a range of age groups, from the labor of school-age children to elderly caregivers, and analyze time use in Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, Finland, India, Korea, South Africa, Tanzania, Turkey, and the United States. Each chapter provides a substantial introduction to the academic literature of its focus and is written to be revealing to researchers and accessible to students and policymakers.
Author: Olwen Hufton Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9789041196606 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This volume presents the findings of a year-long forum held at the European University Institute in 1994--which focused on the complex issues arising from the differences in time use between the sexes at the end of the twentieth century. It addresses critical questions such as: How far does gender play a vital role in determining how much time is spent in paid work in the market and how much in unpaid caring work in the home? As a consequence, who has rights to pensions and benefits? How much time can either sex devote to leisure or to political activities? Among the contributors to this study are distinguished demographers, sociologists and social policy experts, philosophers and jurists, each employing different approaches and drawing upon a wide variety of evidence. These include time budget analyses, employment and population data, interviews to discern the differing attitudes of fathers and mothers to time spent with their children, assessments of the premises on which welfare systems have been constructed, and analyses of the language and assumptions used in the directives of the European Commission. In addition, experiments involving parental leave and ideas and initiatives to redistribute working time, such as Citizens Income, are considered in order to further the debate on how social change may be achieved.
Author: Dan Clawson Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation ISBN: 161044843X Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 341
Book Description
Life is unpredictable. Control over one’s time is a crucial resource for managing that unpredictability, keeping a job, and raising a family. But the ability to control one’s time, much like one’s income, is determined to a significant degree by both gender and class. In Unequal Time, sociologists Dan Clawson and Naomi Gerstel explore the ways in which social inequalities permeate the workplace, shaping employees’ capacities to determine both their work schedules and home lives, and exacerbating differences between men and women, and the economically privileged and disadvantaged. Unequal Time investigates the interconnected schedules of four occupations in the health sector—professional-class doctors and nurses, and working-class EMTs and nursing assistants. While doctors and EMTs are predominantly men, nurses and nursing assistants are overwhelmingly women. In all four occupations, workers routinely confront schedule uncertainty, or unexpected events that interrupt, reduce, or extend work hours. Yet, Clawson and Gerstel show that members of these four occupations experience the effects of schedule uncertainty in very distinct ways, depending on both gender and class. But doctors, who are professional-class and largely male, have significant control over their schedules and tend to work long hours because they earn respect from their peers for doing so. By contrast, nursing assistants, who are primarily female and working-class, work demanding hours because they are most likely to be penalized for taking time off, no matter how valid the reasons. Unequal Time also shows that the degree of control that workers hold over their schedules can either reinforce or challenge conventional gender roles. Male doctors frequently work overtime and rely heavily on their wives and domestic workers to care for their families. Female nurses are more likely to handle the bulk of their family responsibilities, and use the control they have over their work schedules in order to dedicate more time to home life. Surprisingly, Clawson and Gerstel find that in the working class occupations, workers frequently undermine traditional gender roles, with male EMTs taking significant time from work for child care and women nursing assistants working extra hours to financially support their children and other relatives. Employers often underscore these disparities by allowing their upper-tier workers (doctors and nurses) the flexibility that enables their gender roles at home, including, for example, reshaping their workplaces in order to accommodate female nurses’ family obligations. Low-wage workers, on the other hand, are pressured to put their jobs before the unpredictable events they might face outside of work. Though we tend to consider personal and work scheduling an individual affair, Clawson and Gerstel present a provocative new case that time in the workplace also collective. A valuable resource for workers’ advocates and policymakers alike, Unequal Time exposes how social inequalities reverberate through a web of interconnected professional relationships and schedules, significantly shaping the lives of workers and their families.
Author: Patricia F. Apps Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 38
Book Description
In this paper we compare gender differences in the allocation of time to market work, domestic work, child care, and leisure over the life cycle. Time use profiles for these activity categories are constructed on survey data for three countries: Australia, the UK and Germany. We discuss the extent to which gender differences and life cycle variation in time use can be explained by public policy, focusing on the tax treatment of the female partner and on access to high quality, affordable child care. Profiles of time use, earnings and taxes are compared over the life cycle defined on age as well as on phases that represent the key transitions in the life cycle of a typical household. Our contention is that, given the decision to have children, life cycle time use and consumption decisions of households are determined by them and by public policy. Before children arrive, the adult members of the household have high labour supplies and plenty of leisure. The presence of pre-school children, in combination with the tax treatment of the second earner's income and the cost of bought-in child care, dramatically change the pattern of time use, leading to large falls in female labour supply. We also highlight the fact that, in the three countries we study, female labour supply exhibits a very high degree of heterogeneity after the arrival of children, and we show that this has important implications for public policy.
Author: Patricia Apps Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Households Languages : en Pages : 65
Book Description
The aim of this paper is to explain why time use data are essential for analysing issues of gender equity and the intra-household allocation of resourcess, for comparing living standards and for estimating the behavioural effects of changes in policy variables.
Author: William Stacy Johnson Publisher: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing ISBN: 1467435996 Category : Religion Languages : en Pages : 391
Book Description
In A Time to Embrace William Stacy Johnson brilliantly analyzes the religious, legal, and political debates about gay marriage, civil unions, and committed gay couples. This new edition includes updates that reflect the many changes in laws pertaining to civil unions / same-sex marriage since 2006.
Author: Sandra Laursen Publisher: Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN: 1421439387 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 269
Book Description
Grounded in scholarship but written for busy institutional leaders, Building Gender Equity in the Academy is a handbook of actionable strategies for faculty and administrators working to improve the inclusion and visibility of women and others who are marginalized in the sciences and in academe more broadly.
Author: Valerie Bryson
Author: Valerie Bryson
Author: Alan C. Kerckhoff
Author: Rachel Connelly
Author: Sarah Lewis
Author: Olwen Hufton
Author: Dan Clawson
Author: Patricia F. Apps
Author: Patricia Apps
Author: William Stacy Johnson
Author: Sandra Laursen