Gender Integration of Women Into U. S. Army Special Forces Operational Detachments Alpha (As 18-Series Military Occupational Specialty) - Results of Research Surveys and Historical Account Analysis PDF Download
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Author: U. S. Military Publisher: ISBN: 9781981069538 Category : Languages : en Pages : 121
Book Description
On January 24, 2013, restrictions against women in ground combat units, to include U.S. Army Special Forces (SF), were rescinded by the Department of Defense. The military services were allowed to gradually and systematically integrate women into male-only military occupational specialties (MOS). By January 2016 the military services must open all combat jobs to women or explain why exceptions exist. Gender integration for Army SF Operational Detachments Alpha (ODAs) could present socio-dynamic hurdles that potentially erode operational readiness, combat effectiveness and group cohesion. This research explores implications to operational readiness, combat effectiveness and group cohesion gender integration may pose to Army SF ODAs. Historical accounts of women in the Office of Strategic Services are considered, and gender integration of combat jobs and special operations forces of foreign militaries are discussed. Surveys were conducted among a convenience sampling of U.S. Army SF officers and U.S. Army female officers. Findings and recommendations conclude gender integration of an SF ODA can be successful if leadership at all levels leads the way with clear communication to manage expectations, and current physical standards remain unaltered. Clear lines of communication and education of ODA spouses are also vital to the success of gender integration in ODAs. Integrating women into ground combat units and previously denied MOSs is a sensitive subject, and more so when you consider integrating women into the Special Forces community as an 18-Series MOS member on an ODA. A strong understanding of the socio-dynamics within the integrated group is required. This study explores some pitfalls and benefits of gender integration and plausible foundational frameworks in which USSOCOM/USASOC could begin to build successful full integration models. The literature review will consider historical perspectives of women in the OSS, particularly where women were integrated into roles that were previously held by an all-male force. It will include any previous research that could be considered parallel to this study. Also, previous research on the psychological sex differences between men and women when they are integrated together into small working groups will be considered. Chapter 3 will explain and discuss the methodology incorporated into the research. A qualitative descriptive survey methodology will be utilized. Surveys will be administered to a designated sample of human subjects. A quantitative analysis will be conducted where applicable, but a large portion of the data received from the surveys will be qualitative in nature. Chapter 4 will be a discussion of the survey results. The final chapter will include an analysis of the survey results, findings and recommendations, and recommendations for further research.
Author: U. S. Military Publisher: ISBN: 9781981069538 Category : Languages : en Pages : 121
Book Description
On January 24, 2013, restrictions against women in ground combat units, to include U.S. Army Special Forces (SF), were rescinded by the Department of Defense. The military services were allowed to gradually and systematically integrate women into male-only military occupational specialties (MOS). By January 2016 the military services must open all combat jobs to women or explain why exceptions exist. Gender integration for Army SF Operational Detachments Alpha (ODAs) could present socio-dynamic hurdles that potentially erode operational readiness, combat effectiveness and group cohesion. This research explores implications to operational readiness, combat effectiveness and group cohesion gender integration may pose to Army SF ODAs. Historical accounts of women in the Office of Strategic Services are considered, and gender integration of combat jobs and special operations forces of foreign militaries are discussed. Surveys were conducted among a convenience sampling of U.S. Army SF officers and U.S. Army female officers. Findings and recommendations conclude gender integration of an SF ODA can be successful if leadership at all levels leads the way with clear communication to manage expectations, and current physical standards remain unaltered. Clear lines of communication and education of ODA spouses are also vital to the success of gender integration in ODAs. Integrating women into ground combat units and previously denied MOSs is a sensitive subject, and more so when you consider integrating women into the Special Forces community as an 18-Series MOS member on an ODA. A strong understanding of the socio-dynamics within the integrated group is required. This study explores some pitfalls and benefits of gender integration and plausible foundational frameworks in which USSOCOM/USASOC could begin to build successful full integration models. The literature review will consider historical perspectives of women in the OSS, particularly where women were integrated into roles that were previously held by an all-male force. It will include any previous research that could be considered parallel to this study. Also, previous research on the psychological sex differences between men and women when they are integrated together into small working groups will be considered. Chapter 3 will explain and discuss the methodology incorporated into the research. A qualitative descriptive survey methodology will be utilized. Surveys will be administered to a designated sample of human subjects. A quantitative analysis will be conducted where applicable, but a large portion of the data received from the surveys will be qualitative in nature. Chapter 4 will be a discussion of the survey results. The final chapter will include an analysis of the survey results, findings and recommendations, and recommendations for further research.
Author: William Knarr Publisher: ISBN: 9781079039467 Category : Languages : en Pages : 136
Book Description
On 24 January 2013, the Secretary of Defense (SecDef) rescinded the 1994 Direct Ground Combat Definition and Assignment Rule (DCAR) that excluded women from assignment to units and positions whose primary mission is to engage in direct combat on the ground. In doing so, the SecDef directed the opening of all occupational specialties, positions and units to women; the validation of gender-neutral standards for those positions; and establishment of milestones for implementation. In a March 2013 memorandum, Commander USSOCOM directed several initiatives as a result of the SecDef's DCAR rescission. While other studies examined individual performance and standards, the JSOU Center for Special Operations Studies and Research examined the effects on team dynamics. The challenge for this study was to determine if changing the gender component of Special Operations Forces elite teams from single-gender (masculine) to mixed-gender would affect team dynamics in a way that would compromise the ability of the team to meet a mission objective.
Author: Alesha Doan Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 110862006X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 151
Book Description
Exploring efforts to integrate women into combat forces in the military, we investigate how resistance to equity becomes entrenched, ultimately excluding women from being full participants in the workplace. Based on focus groups and surveys with members of Special Operations, we found most of the resistance is rooted in traditional gender stereotypes that are often bolstered through organizational policies and practices. The subtlety of these practices often renders them invisible. We refer to this invisibility as organizational obliviousness. Obliviousness exists at the individual level, it becomes reinforced at the cultural level, and, in turn, cultural practices are entrenched institutionally by policies. Organizational obliviousness may not be malicious or done to actively exclude or harm, but the end result is that it does both. Throughout this Element we trace the ways that organizational obliviousness shapes individuals, culture, and institutional practices throughout the organization.
Author: Lana Obradovic Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317130154 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 228
Book Description
Numerous states have passed gender integration legislation permanently admitting women into their military forces. As a result, states have dramatically increased women’s numbers, and improved gender equality by removing a number of restrictions. Yet despite changes and initiatives on both domestic and international levels to integrate gender perspectives into the military, not all states have improved to the same extent. Some have successfully promoted gender integration in the ranks by erasing all forms of discrimination, but others continue to impede it by setting limitations on equal access to careers, combat, and ranks. Why do states abandon their policies of exclusion and promote gender integration in a way that women’s military participation becomes an integral part of military force? By examining twenty-four NATO member states, this book argues that civilian policymakers and military leadership no longer surrender to parochial gendered division of the roles, but rather support integration to meet the recruitment numbers due to military modernization, professionalization and technological advancements. Moreover, it proposes that increased pressure by the United Nations to integrate gender into security and NATO seeking standardization and consistency on the international level, and women’s movements on the domestic level, are contributing to greater gender integration in the military. Winner of the 2015 ERGOMAS "Best Book in Civil-Military Relations" Award.
Author: Helena Carreiras Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1134176430 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 306
Book Description
This is the first comparative, cross-national study of the participation of women in the armed forces of NATO countries. Along side an analysis of this key topic stands a critique of existing theoretical models and the proposal of a revised analytical framework. Unlike previous works this new study employs mixed-methodological research design combining quantitative and qualitative data - a large N-analysis based on general policies and statistical information concerning every country in the sample with more in-depth case-studies. This volume includes original empirical data regarding the presence of women in the armed forces of NATO countries, proposes an index of ‘gender inclusiveness’ and assesses the factors that affect women’s military roles. The book also presents two new key case studies – Portugal and the Netherlands - based on both documentary sources and in-depth interviews of both men and women officers in the two countries. This book will be of great interest to all students and scholars of strategic studies, gender and women studies and military history.
Author: Megan Beckett Publisher: Minnesota Historical Society ISBN: 9780833031686 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 356
Book Description
Has opening new skills and units been enough to create equal opportunities for women in the U.S. military? Success has been mixed, in part because of the circumstances of individual occupations, and some issues affect men as much as they do women. This volume supplies supporting data for the analysis presented in the companion volume, MR-1380-OSD.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : United States Languages : en Pages : 164
Book Description
RAND's National Defense Research Institute (NDRI) was asked to assess the degree to which women are represented in the military occupations open to them and to determine whether there are factors that inappropriately hinder or preclude women's opportunities to work within their military specialties. Specifically, this work addresses whether women and men are receiving equal opportunities to work in selected occupations. Second, this analysis considers whether the number of women who can enter the selected occupations is limited, despite the occupation being open to women. This research included statistical analysis of all military occupations and detailed analysis of selected occupations. The statistical analysis is summarized herein but is published in more detail in a companion volume.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : United States Languages : en Pages : 60
Book Description
"This report provides an overview of research, studies, and analyses performed by the U.S. Army Research Institute on the utilization and training of women in the Army. As numbers and roles of women have expanded since the All Volunteer Force began in the early '70s, a number of research projects have been completed to address both the utilization and integration of women in Army units and the training of women, particular in the Initial Entry Training program for combat support and combat service support soldiers. The report also provides an annotated bibliography of research and studies conducted during the 1990s on a wide variety of issues related to women in the Army."--Report documentation page.
Author: Saskia Stachowitsch Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136642358 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 160
Book Description
Gender Ideologies and Military Labor Markets in the U.S. offers a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between changes in military gender ideologies and structural changes in U.S. military and society. By investigating how social and military change have influenced gender ideologies, the author develops an approach that (re-)connects military gender ideologies to the social conditions of their production and distribution and explains their transformation as effects of changing social and political relations and conflicts. Examining the role of different groups of social actors, media debates on women’s military participation and gender ideologies inherent in depictions of military women, the author seeks to contextualise these ideologies are within structural change in the U.S. military and society, relating them to the gender-specific division of labour on civilian and military labor markets. This work provides a deeper understanding of the nexus between military re-structuring processes, women’s military integration, and changes of gender ideologies in regard to war and the military, and will be of great interest to students and scholars of gender, security studies and American politics.
Author: U. S. Army Research Institute Publisher: ISBN: 9781463545055 Category : Languages : en Pages : 60
Book Description
Beginning with the change to an all-volunteer military, the number and roles of women in the Armed Forces have increased dramatically. As the largest branch of the military, the Army has increased the number of women from about 2% in 1973 to about 15% today. Women now serve in almost all Army jobs and Military Occupational Specialties (MOS); however, the Army continues to exclude women from serving in jobs or MOS involved in direct ground combat. As the changes in gender representation have occurred, there have been a number of research issues that have emerged, related primarily to personnel utilization and training. As the Army's lead personnel and training R&D laboratory, the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences has been involved in much of this research. This Special Report summarizes ARI's research on gender issues and provides an annotated bibliography of other research and studies that have been conducted over the last 5 to 10 years on very important issues centered around women in the military. For the Army, the issues and controversies over effective utilization and training of an increasingly diverse workforce are likely to continue. This Special Report provides an historical perspective and background on research related to these issues.
Author: U. S. Military
Author: U. S. Military
Author: William Knarr
Author: Alesha Doan
Author: Lana Obradovic
Author: Helena Carreiras
Author: Megan Beckett
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Saskia Stachowitsch
Author: U. S. Army Research Institute