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Author: Rebel A. Cole Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This study analyzes differences by gender in the ownership of privately held U.S. firms and examines the role of gender in the availability of credit. Using data from the nationally representative Surveys of Small Business Finances, which span a period of sixteen years, we document a series of empirical regularities in male- and female-owned firms. Looking at the differences by gender, we find that female-owned firms are 1) significantly smaller, as measured by sales, assets, and employment; 2) younger, as measured by age of the firm; 3) more likely to be organized as proprietorships and less as corporations; 4) more likely to be in retail trade and business services and less likely to be in construction, secondary manufacturing, and wholesale trade; and 5) inclined to have fewer and shorter banking relationships. Moreover, female owners are significantly younger, less experienced, and not as well educated. We also find strong univariate evidence of differences in the availability of credit to male- and female-owned firms. More specifically, female-owned firms are significantly more likely to be credit-constrained because they are more likely to be discouraged from applying for credit, though not more likely to be denied credit when they do apply. However, these differences are rendered insignificant in a multivariate setting, where we control for other firm and owner characteristics. -- Credit ; discrimination ; entrepreneurship ; gender ; SSBF
Author: Rebel A. Cole Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This study analyzes differences by gender in the ownership of privately held U.S. firms and examines the role of gender in the availability of credit. Using data from the nationally representative Surveys of Small Business Finances, which span a period of sixteen years, we document a series of empirical regularities in male- and female-owned firms. Looking at the differences by gender, we find that female-owned firms are 1) significantly smaller, as measured by sales, assets, and employment; 2) younger, as measured by age of the firm; 3) more likely to be organized as proprietorships and less as corporations; 4) more likely to be in retail trade and business services and less likely to be in construction, secondary manufacturing, and wholesale trade; and 5) inclined to have fewer and shorter banking relationships. Moreover, female owners are significantly younger, less experienced, and not as well educated. We also find strong univariate evidence of differences in the availability of credit to male- and female-owned firms. More specifically, female-owned firms are significantly more likely to be credit-constrained because they are more likely to be discouraged from applying for credit, though not more likely to be denied credit when they do apply. However, these differences are rendered insignificant in a multivariate setting, where we control for other firm and owner characteristics. -- Credit ; discrimination ; entrepreneurship ; gender ; SSBF
Author: Rebel A. Cole Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 49
Book Description
This study analyzes differences by gender in the ownership of privately held U.S. firms and examines the role of gender in the availability of credit. Using data from the nationally representative Surveys of Small Business Finances, which span a period of sixteen years, we document a series of empirical regularities regarding male- and female-owned firms. Looking at the differences by gender, we find that female-owned firms are 1) significantly smaller, as measured by sales, assets, and employment; 2) younger, as measured by age of the firm; 3) more likely to be organized as proprietorships and less as corporations; 4) more likely to be in retail trade and business services and less likely to be in construction, secondary manufacturing, and wholesale trade; and 5) inclined to have fewer and shorter banking relationships. Moreover, female owners are significantly younger, less experienced, and not as well educated. We also find strong univariate evidence of differences in the availability of credit to male- and female-owned firms. More specifically, female-owned firms are significantly more likely to be credit constrained because they are more likely to be discouraged from applying for credit and more likely to be denied credit when they do apply. However, these differences are rendered insignificant in a multivariate setting, where we control for other firm and owner characteristics. These results indicate that disparity in credit market outcomes by gender are not likely to be caused by taste-based discrimination.
Author: G. Moss Publisher: Springer ISBN: 0230355056 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 243
Book Description
Shows the strong business case for diversity and the deleterious effects of not allowing diversity to take root in organizations by providing a fascinating insight into the case for gender diversity in the professional services, marketing and digital arenas, and the way in which a diversity mindset can be fostered in organizations.
Author: Francis J. Greene Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN: 1137589566 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 392
Book Description
This beautifully written and thoroughly modern core textbook provides a strong bridge between entrepreneurship theory and practice and looks at the entire life cycle of a business, including the often neglected area of business closure. Underpinned by strong academic rigour, the text takes a critical approach, yet is also highly accessible and readable, explaining complex concepts clearly and succinctly. Research-led yet practice oriented, it examines the latest evidence-based thinking in the field and applies this to the practice of entrepreneurship through a plethora of practical examples, global cases, useful tools, and engaging, multi-faceted pedagogy. Written by a recognised expert on entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice is the ideal textbook for undergraduate, postgraduate, and MBA students taking modules on entrepreneurship that blend theory and practice. It requires no prior knowledge of entrepreneurship. Accompanying online resources for this title can be found at bloomsburyonlineresources.com/entrepreneurship-theory-and-practice. These resources are designed to support teaching and learning when using this textbook and are available at no extra cost.
Author: United States. Congress Publisher: ISBN: Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 1520
Book Description
The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. It is published daily when Congress is in session. The Congressional Record began publication in 1873. Debates for sessions prior to 1873 are recorded in The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (1789-1824), the Register of Debates in Congress (1824-1837), and the Congressional Globe (1833-1873)
Author: Colette Henry Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317744918 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 541
Book Description
The literature in female entrepreneurship has witnessed significant development in the last 30 years, with the research emphasis shifting from purely descriptive explorations towards a clear effort to embed research within highly informed conceptual frameworks. With contributions from leading and emerging researchers, The Routledge Companion to Global Female Entrepreneurship brings together the latest international research, concepts and thinking in the area. With a strong international dimension, this book will facilitate comparative discussion and analysis on all aspects of female entrepreneurship, including start-ups, socio-economic influences, entrepreneurial capital and minority entrepreneurship. Reflecting the subject’s growing importance for researchers, academics and policy makers as well as those involved in supporting women’s entrepreneurship through training programmes, networks, consultancy or the provision of venture capital, The Routledge Companion to Global Female Entrepreneurship will be an invaluable reference resource.
Author: OECD Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 9264179372 Category : Languages : en Pages : 354
Book Description
This OECD report focuses on how best to close gender gaps under four broad headings: 1) Gender equality, social norms and public policies; and gender equality in 2) education; 3) employment and 4) entrepreneurship.
Author: Nancy J. Hodges Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319687778 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 186
Book Description
This book examines knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship (KIE) with a focus on the European textile and apparel industries. The primary purpose is to review the extant academic literature related to the European textile and apparel industries and reflect on that review empirically using a new and robust database on KIE to discover patterns between human capital and strategic entrepreneurial and innovative behavior. According to the Advancing Knowledge-Intensive Entrepreneurship and Innovation for Economic Growth and Social Well-being in Europe (AEGIS) project, KIE is defined as an interface between knowledge generation and diffusion and the productive system. Knowledge-intensive entrepreneurs are thus involved in mechanisms that translate knowledge into innovation, which in turn leads to economic development and growth within an industry and/or region. To date, KIE is often associated with high-tech industries such as aerospace, computer engineering, automotive or telecommunications. For this reason, few studies have been conducted that specifically examine KIE as an avenue for firm or sector growth in the textile and apparel industries. However, new studies have positioned these industries as ones in which KIE can foster growth through innovation, and where products and processes are often evaluated within a knowledge-based framework. Building on this growing literature base, this volume explores potential policies and strategies for driving innovation and growth at the firm and industry levels in Europe and other regions, including the United States.
Author: Renata Paola Dameri, Roberto Garelli and Marina Resta Publisher: Academic Conferences and publishing limited ISBN: 1910810495 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 866
Book Description
These proceedings represent the work of contributors to the 10th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship (ECIE 2015), hosted this year by The University of Genoa, Italy on the 17-18 September 2015. The Conference Chair is Prof Luca Beltrametti and the Programme Co-chairs are Prof Renata Paola Dameri, Prof. Roberto Garelli and Prof. Marina Resta, all from the University of Genoa. ECIE continues to develop and evolve. Now in its 10th year the key aim remains the opportunity for participants to share ideas and meet the people who hold them. The scope of papers will ensure an interesting two days. The subjects covered illustrate the wide range of topics that fall into this important and growing area of research. The opening keynote presentation is given by Marco Doria – Mayor of Genoa on the topic of Innovation and entrepreneurship in Genoa: past, present and future. A second keynote will be given by Flavia Marzano from the National board for innovation and Italian digital agenda on the topic of Innovation: New visions not just new technologies. The second day Keynote will be given by Roberto Santoro, President of the European Society of Concurrent Engineering Network (ESoCE Net) on the topic of People Olympics for healthy and active living: A people driven social innovation platform. In addition to the main themes of the conference there are a number of specialist mini tracks on topics including Innovation and strategy, Entrepreneurship education in action, The theory and practice of collaboration in entrepreneurship and Challenges for entrepreneurship and innovation n the 21st Century. With an initial submission of 275 abstracts, after the double blind, peer review process there are 88 Academic research papers, 6 PhD research papers, 1 Masters Research paper, 4 work-in-progress papers and 1 Non-academic paper published in these Conference Proceedings. These papers represent research from Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, , France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, , Kuwait, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Romania, Russia, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Thailand, UK and USA
Author: Amanda Bullough Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1788118715 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 224
Book Description
Women’s entrepreneurship is vital for economic and social development, yet female entrepreneurs worldwide are consistently found to have weaker sales and employment growth, fewer jobs, and lower profitability. This book was written to address this reality, and focuses on the high-growth potential of women entrepreneurs.
Author: Rebel A. Cole
Author: Rebel A. Cole
Author: Rebel A. Cole
Author: G. Moss
Author: Francis J. Greene
Author: United States. Congress
Author: Colette Henry
Author: OECD
Author: Nancy J. Hodges
Author: Renata Paola Dameri, Roberto Garelli and Marina Resta
Author: Amanda Bullough