Gender and credit PDF Download

Author: Princess Josephine Awoonor-Williams
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author: Robert B. Avery
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437980201
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 52

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Author: Elise M. Dermineur
Publisher:
ISBN: 9782503570525
Category : Credit
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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This collection of essays compares and discusses women's participation and experiences in credit markets in early modern Europe, and highlights the characteristics, common mechanisms, similarities, discrepancies, and differences across various regions in Europe in different time periods, and at all levels of society. The essays focus on the role of women as creditors and debtors (a topic largely ignored in traditional historiography), but also and above all on the development of their roles across time. Were women able to enter the credit market, and if so, how and in what proportion? What was then the meaning of their involvement in this market? What did their involvement mean for the community and for their household? Was credit a vector of female emancipation and empowerment? What were the changes that occurred for them in the transition to capitalism? These essays offer a variety of perspectives on women's roles in the credit markets of early modern Europe in order to outline and answer these questions as well as analysing and exploring the nature of women, money, credit, and debt in a pre-industrial Europe.

Author: M. Estela Rivero-Fuentes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic book
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789289916356
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 57

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This paper studies the causal effect of gender bias on access to bank credit. We extract an exogenous measure of gender bias from survey responses by descendants of US immigrants on questions about the role of women in society. We then use data on 6,000 small business firms from 17 countries and find that in countries with higher gender bias, female-owned firms are more frequently discouraged from applying for bank credit and more likely to rely on informal finance. At the same time, loan rejection rates and terms on granted loans do not vary between male and female firm owners. These results are not driven by credit risk differences between female- and male-owned firms or by any idiosyncrasies in the set of countries in our sample. Overall, the evidence suggests that in high-gender bias countries, female entrepreneurs are more likely to opt out of the loan application process, even though banks do not appear to discriminate against females that apply for credit.

Author: Asli Demirguc-Kunt
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464812683
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 228

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In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world's most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Drawing on survey data collected in collaboration with Gallup, Inc., the Global Findex database covers more than 140 economies around the world. The initial survey round was followed by a second one in 2014 and by a third in 2017. Compiled using nationally representative surveys of more than 150,000 adults age 15 and above in over 140 economies, The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution includes updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services. It has additional data on the use of financial technology (or fintech), including the use of mobile phones and the Internet to conduct financial transactions. The data reveal opportunities to expand access to financial services among people who do not have an account—the unbanked—as well as to promote greater use of digital financial services among those who do have an account. The Global Findex database has become a mainstay of global efforts to promote financial inclusion. In addition to being widely cited by scholars and development practitioners, Global Findex data are used to track progress toward the World Bank goal of Universal Financial Access by 2020 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The database, the full text of the report, and the underlying country-level data for all figures—along with the questionnaire, the survey methodology, and other relevant materials—are available at www.worldbank.org/globalfindex.

Author: Sevi Simavi
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821380982
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 262

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The economic empowerment of women is increasingly seen as one of the most important forces behind economic growth and the fight against poverty. Indeed, women's economic participation in an economy as entrepreneurs, employees, and leaders is recognized as a measure of a country's dynamism and viability. 'Gender Dimensions of Investment Climate Reform' provides fresh solutions to common issues that women entrepreneurs face. It presents actionable, replicable, and scalable tools for promoting gender-sensitive investment climate reforms that would benefit both women and men. The book enables development practitioners and policy makers who are not gender specialists to diagnose gender issues in an investment climate; design creative and practical solutions and recommendations for addressing gender constraints; and monitor and evaluate the implementation of those recommendations.

Author: Gail Campbell
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000210960
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 352

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Credit can be instrumental in equalizing opportunity and alleviating poverty, yet historically men and women have not had the same access. Partly because of this, women have been excluded from many previous economic histories. This book fills a significant gap in exploring the vexed relationship between the women and credit across time and space.Providing examples of credit agencies and initiatives in both the developing and developed world, Women and Credit raises important policy issues and makes valuable suggestions for reconfiguring the relationship between women and credit. It also answers questions previously ignored by scholars, yet of vital significance to women's studies and economic history. What contribution did women make to the development of industrial capitalism? How does women's access to credit vary across time and cultures? How has the development of mico-credit initiatives affected women's economic position and what role will such initiatives play in the future?This book is an invaluable resource for anyone in the fields of Women's studies, economic history, anthropology or development.

Author: Julie Lyn Routzahn
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267072603
Category : Consumer credit
Languages : en
Pages : 146

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Book Description
Changes in lending and financial innovations in the last 20 years increased access to debt. Consumers embraced the conveniences of debt, and social changes encouraged debt use. As a result, household debt grew considerably. Little is known about how these changes in the availability of debt affected women's finances. It does seem that bankruptcy rates grew, particularly for women, with women accounting for 30% of all bankruptcy filings in 1997 (Sullivan and Warren 1999). No previous research focuses on understanding differences in household debt by gender. We do not know if women prefer different relative amounts of debt, if they use different types of lending arrangements, and if they choose different balance sheet ratios relative to men. The objective of this dissertation is to determine the extent to which gender differences in attitudes towards credit, and gender differences in the terms of borrowing can explain gender differences in household balance sheets. To accomplish the objectives, I use the 2007 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF).

Author: Rebel A. Cole
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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This study analyzes differences by gender in the ownership of privately held U.S. firms and examines the role of gender in the availability of credit. Using data from the nationally representative Surveys of Small Business Finances, which span a period of sixteen years, we document a series of empirical regularities in male- and female-owned firms. Looking at the differences by gender, we find that female-owned firms are 1) significantly smaller, as measured by sales, assets, and employment; 2) younger, as measured by age of the firm; 3) more likely to be organized as proprietorships and less as corporations; 4) more likely to be in retail trade and business services and less likely to be in construction, secondary manufacturing, and wholesale trade; and 5) inclined to have fewer and shorter banking relationships. Moreover, female owners are significantly younger, less experienced, and not as well educated. We also find strong univariate evidence of differences in the availability of credit to male- and female-owned firms. More specifically, female-owned firms are significantly more likely to be credit-constrained because they are more likely to be discouraged from applying for credit, though not more likely to be denied credit when they do apply. However, these differences are rendered insignificant in a multivariate setting, where we control for other firm and owner characteristics. -- Credit ; discrimination ; entrepreneurship ; gender ; SSBF