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Author: Chinonyelum Ikeanyi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
Medication non-adherence is one of the biggest challenges facing effective treatment of disease around the world. In developing and developed countries, approximately 50-70% of patients fail to correctly follow the drug regimen prescribed by their health care providers. Gastric resident systems have the potential to improve medication non-adherence as they enable more infrequent dosing, a key recognized determinant of improved adherence. A number of diseases could benefit from a change in treatment protocol in particular those requiring prolonged treatment courses with high pill burdens and where non-adherence could manifest in significant morbidity and mortality to the individual and the public as is the case for communicable disease. Tuberculosis is a disease that requires up to approximately 100 grams of medication to be taken each month for effective treatment. Previous gastric resident devices are limited in their drug loading capacity with most holding less than 500mg at a time. Recently, a multigram gastric resident drug delivery system applied towards the treatment of tuberculosis was reported. This system had to overcome several challenges and several remain. In this thesis, specific contributions made over the last two years to address the device's limitations as well as future improvements will be documented and their significance explained. Namely, working to achieve pulsatile release as well as sustained release through the use of water dissolvable polymer films, increasing the drug load capacity of the device (going from uncompressed powder to pills), and the creation of a high-throughput hole punch device that increased the efficiency of the manufacturing process. These improvements helped to facilitate the creation of gastric-resident device that will be used to affect the lives of patients around the world.
Author: Chinonyelum Ikeanyi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
Medication non-adherence is one of the biggest challenges facing effective treatment of disease around the world. In developing and developed countries, approximately 50-70% of patients fail to correctly follow the drug regimen prescribed by their health care providers. Gastric resident systems have the potential to improve medication non-adherence as they enable more infrequent dosing, a key recognized determinant of improved adherence. A number of diseases could benefit from a change in treatment protocol in particular those requiring prolonged treatment courses with high pill burdens and where non-adherence could manifest in significant morbidity and mortality to the individual and the public as is the case for communicable disease. Tuberculosis is a disease that requires up to approximately 100 grams of medication to be taken each month for effective treatment. Previous gastric resident devices are limited in their drug loading capacity with most holding less than 500mg at a time. Recently, a multigram gastric resident drug delivery system applied towards the treatment of tuberculosis was reported. This system had to overcome several challenges and several remain. In this thesis, specific contributions made over the last two years to address the device's limitations as well as future improvements will be documented and their significance explained. Namely, working to achieve pulsatile release as well as sustained release through the use of water dissolvable polymer films, increasing the drug load capacity of the device (going from uncompressed powder to pills), and the creation of a high-throughput hole punch device that increased the efficiency of the manufacturing process. These improvements helped to facilitate the creation of gastric-resident device that will be used to affect the lives of patients around the world.
Author: Malvika Verma Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 176
Book Description
Lack of medication adherence is a worldwide problem. As many as 50-70% of patients have trouble following treatment recommendations. Whereas adherence is driven by many factors including the socioeconomic status of a patient and the quality of the health care team, drug regimen complexity also affects treatment outcomes. For example, adherence decreases as the number of pills per dose and the number of doses per day increases. For diseases where potent medications are available, depot formulations provide sustained drug release to simplify dosing. For diseases lacking potent compounds for treatment, there remains an unmet need for depot systems that could transform medication adherence. Tuberculosis (TB) is one such disease with a high pill burden, where poor patient adherence to the treatment regimen is a major cause of treatment failure and contributes to the emergence of drug-resistant TB strains. For example, an average 60-kg patient with TB needs to take 3.3 g of antibiotics per day, which is a dose that exceeds the largest swallowable capsule and current depot systems. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 10 million people developed TB in 2017 with a global economic burden amounting to $12 billion annually. This thesis presents a solution to the challenge of prolonged dosing for regimens such as TB that require multigram drug dosing. First, a gastric resident system (GRS) compatible with transesophageal administration was designed using biocompatible materials. The GRS consists of a series of drug pills on a coiled superelastic nitinol wire; the ends are protected with a retainer and tubing. Safe administration, gastric retention for 1 month, and retrieval of the GRS were demonstrated in a swine model. Next, sustained release formulations for 6 TB antibiotics were formulated into drug-polymer pills, and first-order drug release kinetics were achieved in vitro. Then, the GRS was demonstrated to be capable of safely encapsulating and releasing 10 grams of an antibiotic over the period of weeks in a swine model. Lastly, end-user assessment was evaluated with a field questionnaire in India and an economic model to estimate the impact of the GRS on the health care system. There are multiple applications of the GRS in the field of infectious diseases, as well as for other indications where multigram depots could impart meaningful benefits to patients, helping maximize adherence to their medication.
Author: Ryan P. Koeppen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 70
Book Description
Medication non-adherence is a global problem in health which has drastically hindered efforts to eradicate widespread diseases such as tuberculosis. Non-adherence has adverse effects on treatment efficacy and in the area of infectious disease it can increase the likelihood of developing antibiotic resistance to treatments. Despite global intervention efforts, non-adherence persists because the burden of administering medication is often placed directly on patients. One proposed strategy for overcoming non-adherence is the use of gastric resident devices, which are devices that hold large doses (-10-100 grams) of medication and deliver the medication in a controlled manner over long time periods (on the order of a month). Most gastric resident devices developed to date do not have the ability to load large doses of medication and release the pills in a controlled, pulsatile manner. Instead, they rely on continuous release processes which may not be sufficient for many treatments. This thesis details the design of a gastric resident device which can load approximately one week of medication and release the medication at a frequency of one pill per day using an electromechanically-driven mechanism. The device contains onboard electronics and a miniature direct current (DC) motor to drive a linkage that creates a reciprocating, linear motion at the output link. Intermediate, proof-of-concept tests were conducted to validate material choice, mechanism functionality, and mechanism reliability. A bench level prototype was developed and demonstrated the ability to release six pills from the action of controlled, electrical triggering only. Future work is being done to incorporate retention capabilities and self-contained electronics to make the device safe and autonomous for in vivo testing.
Author: Kamal Dua Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128208880 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 620
Book Description
Targeting Chronic Inflammatory Lung Diseases Using Advanced Drug Delivery Systems explores the development of novel therapeutics and diagnostics to improve pulmonary disease management, looking down to the nanoscale level for an efficient system of targeting and managing respiratory disease. The book examines numerous nanoparticle-based drug systems such as nanocrystals, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, protein-based, carbon nanotube, and liposomes that can offer advantages over traditional drug delivery systems. Starting with a brief introduction on different types of nanoparticles in respiratory disease conditions, the book then focuses on current trends in disease pathology that use different in vitro and in vivo models. The comprehensive resource is designed for those new to the field and to specialized scientists and researchers involved in pulmonary research and drug development. - Explores recent perspectives and challenges regarding the management and diagnosis of chronic respiratory diseases - Provides insights into how advanced drug delivery systems can be effectively formulated and delivered for the management of various pulmonary diseases - Includes the most recent information on diagnostic methods and treatment strategies using controlled drug delivery systems (including nanotechnology)
Author: Vijay Gorantla Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0429522320 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 222
Book Description
This book summarizes rapid progress and innovation in transplantation and regenerative medicine - the merger of reconstructive plastic surgery and transplantation - called Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation. This merger includes face, hand, uteri, larynx, tongue, penis and trachea translplantations as well as other body part transplants using grafts derived from organ donors. These sorts of transplants are now performed more commonly. Cell therapies for immunomodulation are surrogates for immune responses after transplantation to non-invasive imaging of neuroregeneration for improving functional outcomes after transplant.
Author: Peter R. Donald Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers ISBN: 3805596278 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 262
Book Description
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major infectious diseases of mankind although drugs for its treatment have been available for nearly 60 years. The standard short-course 6-month regimen used since about 1980 has helped to save millions of lives, but co-infection with HIV has had a devastating effect on the epidemic, and multidrug-resistant TB is a growing problem, particularly in communities with a high incidence of HIV. Following the declaration by the WHO in the early 1990s that TB was a 'global health emergency', interest in TB research and the development of new drugs has increased significantly. This volume reviews anti-TB chemotherapy with the emphasis on the actions and pharmacology of existing drugs and the development and evaluation of new agents. A close look is taken at new research regarding our existing drugs by some of the best-known specialists in the field, and historical aspects of these agents are reviewed from a modern perspective. The prospects for the introduction of new drugs and different approaches of how to assess them in adults and in children are discussed in detail. Several papers address the problems associated with drug resistance, its spread and diagnosis. Compiled by two editors from Cape Town, which has a particularly high incidence of TB and is a centre of tuberculosis research, this publication is an indispensable reference for anyone involved in the management of TB either as a researcher, clinician or administrator, and those working in drug development.
Author: Jennifer B. Dressman Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420077341 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 432
Book Description
Oral Drug Absorption, Second Edition thoroughly examines the special equipment and methods used to test whether drugs are released adequately when administered orally. The contributors discuss methods for accurately establishing and validating in vitro/in vivo correlations for both MR and IR formulations, as well as alternative approaches for MR an
Author: World Health Organization Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: 9241548371 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 442
Book Description
The Pocket Book is for use by doctors nurses and other health workers who are responsible for the care of young children at the first level referral hospitals. This second edition is based on evidence from several WHO updated and published clinical guidelines. It is for use in both inpatient and outpatient care in small hospitals with basic laboratory facilities and essential medicines. In some settings these guidelines can be used in any facilities where sick children are admitted for inpatient care. The Pocket Book is one of a series of documents and tools that support the Integrated Managem.
Author: Marcos Luciano Bruschi Publisher: Woodhead Publishing ISBN: 0081001126 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 208
Book Description
Since the earliest dosage forms to modern drug delivery systems, came a great development and growth of knowledge with respect to drug delivery. Strategies to Modify the Drug Release from Pharmaceutical Systems will address principles, systems, applications and advances in the field.It will be principally a textbook and a reference source of strategies to modify the drug release. Moreover, the characterization, mathematical and physicochemical models, applications and the systems will be discussed. - Addresses the principles, systems, applications and advances in the field of drug delivery - Highlights the mathematical and physicochemical principles related to strategies - Discusses drug release and its possible modifications
Author: Chinonyelum Ikeanyi
Author: Chinonyelum Ikeanyi
Author: Malvika Verma
Author: Ryan P. Koeppen
Author: Philip H. Izevbehai
Author: Kamal Dua
Author: Vijay Gorantla
Author: Peter R. Donald
Author: Jennifer B. Dressman
Author: World Health Organization
Author: Marcos Luciano Bruschi