Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Schools
Languages : en
Pages : 188
Book Description
Financial Accounting for Local and State School Systems
Author: Pension Finance
Author: M. Barton WaringPublisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118138341
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 336
Book Description
Pension plans around the world are in a state of crisis. U.S. plans alone are facing a total accrued liability funding deficit of almost $4 trillion (of the same order of magnitude as the federal debt), a potential financial catastrophe that ranks among the largest ever seen. It has become clear that many government, corporate, and multi-employer pension sponsors will not be able to cope with this crippling debt and may default on promised benefits. And many of those sponsors that might be able to cope are exasperated by continuous, ongoing negative surprises-large unexpected deficits and higher-than-expected required contributions and pension expense-and are choosing to terminate their plans. But it need not be so. Pension Finance: Putting the Risks and Costs of Defined Benefit Plans Back under Your Control walks the reader through the conventional actuarial and accounting approaches to financing pension benefits and investing plan assets, showing that the problems described happen as a natural consequence of the dated methods still in use. It shows in detail how modern methods based on market value will easily minimize these risks: Pension plans can in fact be comfortable for employers to sponsor and safe for employees to contribute todepend on for their retirement needs. This book is must-read for defined benefit pension plan sponsors and employee representatives, plan executives, board members, accountants, fund managers, consultants, and regulators., Research sponsored by the CFA Institute, this book demystifies pension finance, previously accessible only to actuaries. It teaches the topic in lay terms by drawing complete analogies to ordinary transactions such as paying off a mortgage or saving for college. Armed with this book, anyone comfortable with finance and investments in any other context can be comfortable with pension finance and pension investment policy. And further armed with a handheld financial calculator, any layperson can quickly estimate the contributions needed to keep a given plan comfortably solvent, giving them a powerful tool for oversight.
Guide to Implementation of GASB Statement 14 on the Financial Reporting Entity
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 116
Book Description
Government Auditing Standards - 2018 Revision
Author: United States Government Accountability OfficePublisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 0359536395
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 234
Book Description
Audits provide essential accountability and transparency over government programs. Given the current challenges facing governments and their programs, the oversight provided through auditing is more critical than ever. Government auditing provides the objective analysis and information needed to make the decisions necessary to help create a better future. The professional standards presented in this 2018 revision of Government Auditing Standards (known as the Yellow Book) provide a framework for performing high-quality audit work with competence, integrity, objectivity, and independence to provide accountability and to help improve government operations and services. These standards, commonly referred to as generally accepted government auditing standards (GAGAS), provide the foundation for government auditors to lead by example in the areas of independence, transparency, accountability, and quality through the audit process. This revision contains major changes from, and supersedes, the 2011 revision.
Fundamentals of Governmental Accounting and Reporting
Author: Bruce W. ChasePublisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119736730
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 288
Book Description
Fundamentals of Governmental Accounting and Reporting features the foundational tenets of governmental accounting and reporting in today's environment. Featuring updated accounting for GASB Statement No. 84, and fiduciary activities, this work reviews underlying concepts and shows how they are applied through real-life examples of CAFR, financial statements and updates of recent GASB standards.Key areas covered include: The governmental environment and GAAP Fund accounting and the financial reporting model Budgeting MFBA Revenues and expenditures Governmental, proprietary, and fiduciary funds Government-wide financial statements CAFR Special purpose governments Deferred outflows of resources and deferred inflows of resources
New Perspectives on State Government Fiscal Challenges
Author: Barry W. PoulsonPublisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1666932043
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 303
Book Description
In this book on new fiscal approaches, nineteen experts examine topics ranging from constitutional reform and debt fatigue to fiscal rules and zero-based budgeting. Together, these contributions inform a multifaceted, nuanced argument for the need to formalize spending restraint and redefine state debt to include unfunded liabilities. Scholars will find the book useful as a reference tool explaining how rules-based fiscal policy is used to address debt fatigue and unsustainable spending growth. Legislators and practitioners will find the book useful as a reference source in designing and simulating second generation fiscal rules, and educators will find the book helpful for its close analysis of policies in representative states such as Illinois, New York, New Jersey, Nebraska, and California.
Financial and Accounting Guide for Not-for-Profit Organizations
Author: Malvern J. GrossPublisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470457066
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 290
Book Description
"This Seventh Edition is filled with authoritative advice on the financial reporting, accounting, and control situations unique to not-for-profit organizations. It contains discussions of the accounting and reporting guidelines for different types of organizations, complete guidance on tax and compliance reporting requirements, illustrated explanations of various types of acceptable financial statements, and much more!"--Publisher's Website.
Audit and Accounting Guide
Author: AICPAPublisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1948306255
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 944
Book Description
With all the recent changes in state and local government audit and accounting, including changes to some of the more complex areas such as pensions and post-employment benefits other than pensions (OPEB), accountants and financial managers can't afford to be without the most current guidance. This authoritative guide provides complete coverage of audit and accounting considerations critical for both preparers and auditors. This edition includes two new schedules: Governmental Employer Participation in Single-Employer Plans: Illustrative Schedule of Pension Amounts and Report; and, Illustrative Notes to Schedule of Employer Allocations and Schedule of Pension Amounts. It also provides insights, comparisons, and best practices for financial reporting and the financial reporting entity, revenue and expense recognition, capital asset accounting, the elements of net position, accounting for fair value, municipal securities offerings, tax abatements and much more.
In a Bad State
Author: David SchleicherPublisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0197629172
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 249
Book Description
An authoritative review of the long history of federal responses to state and local budget crises, from Alexander Hamilton through the COVID-19 pandemic, that reveals what is at stake when a state or city can't pay its debts and provides policy solutions to an intractable American problem. What should the federal government do if a state like Illinois or a city like Chicago can't pay its debts? From Alexander Hamilton's plan to assume state debts to Congress's efforts to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, many of the most important political disputes in American history have involved federal government responses to state or local fiscal crises. In a Bad State provides the first comprehensive historical and theoretical analysis of how the federal government has addressed subnational debt crises. Tracing the long history of state and local borrowing, David Schleicher argues that federal officials want to achieve three things when a state or city nears default: prevent macroeconomic distress, encourage lending to states and cities to build infrastructure, and avoid creating incentives for reckless future state budgeting. But whether they demand state austerity, permit state defaults, or provide bailouts-and all have been tried-federal officials can only achieve two of these three goals, at best. Rather than imagining that there is a single easy federal solution, Schleicher suggests some ways the federal government could ameliorate the problem by conditioning federal aid on future state fiscal responsibility, spreading losses across governments and interests, and building resilience against crises into federal spending and tax policy. Authoritative and accessible, In a Bad State offers a guide to understanding the pressing fiscal problems that local, state, and federal officials face, and to the policy options they possess for responding to crises.
Wiley GAAP for Governments 2017
Author: Warren RuppelPublisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119381460
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 672
Book Description
GAAP for Governments 2017: Interpretation and Application of GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES for State and Local Governments -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Author -- 1: New Developments -- Introduction -- Recently Issued GASB Statements and Their Effective Dates -- Exposure Drafts -- Exposure Drafts-Implementation Guides -- Exposure Draft-Omnibus 201X -- Exposure Draft-Certain Debt Extinguishment Issues -- Exposure Draft-Leases -- Invitation to Comment -- Financial Reporting Model Improvements-Governmental Funds -- GASB Project Plan -- Summary -- 2: Foundations of Governmental Accounting -- Introduction -- Chapter Overview -- Entities Covered By Governmental Accounting Principles -- Distinguishing a Governmental Entity from a Not-for-Profit Organization -- Overview of the History of Governmental Accounting Standards Setting -- Objectives of Governmental Accounting and Financial Reporting -- GASB Concepts Statement 1 -- Primary Characteristics of a Government's Structure and the Services It Provides -- Control Characteristics Resulting from a Government's Structure -- Objectives of Financial Reporting -- Communication Methods -- Concepts Statement 3-Communication Methods in General-Purpose External Financial Reports that Contain Basic Financial Statements -- Elements of Financial Statements -- Measurement of Elements of Financial Statements -- Hierarchy of Governmental Accounting Standards -- GAAP Hierarchy for Governments -- Codification of Certain FASB and AICPA Accounting and Financial Reporting Guidance -- Summary -- 3: Fund Accounting Fundamentals -- Introduction -- Definition of Fund and the Purpose of Fund Accounting -- Why Do Governments Use Fund Accounting? -- Fund Accounting Under the GASBS 34 Reporting Model -- How Is the Number of Funds to Be Established Determined?