Author: Stephan RosendahlPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 194
Book Description
Gas Purification of the XENON Dark Matter Search
First Dark Matter Search Results from the XENON1T Experiment
Author: Elena AprileNoble Gas Detectors
Author: Elena AprilePublisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527609636
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 362
Book Description
This book discusses the physical properties of noble fluids, operational principles of detectors based on these media, and the best technical solutions to the design of these detectors. Essential attention is given to detector technology: purification methods and monitoring of purity, information readout methods, electronics, detection of hard ultra-violet light emission, selection of materials, cryogenics etc. The book is mostly addressed to physicists and graduate students involved in the preparation of fundamental next generation experiments, nuclear engineers developing instrumentation for national nuclear security and for monitoring nuclear materials.
Collective Excitations in Unconventional Superconductors and Superfluids
Author: Peter BrusovPublisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9812771239
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 859
Book Description
This title gives a complete and detailed description of collective modes (CMs) in unconventional superfluids and superconductors (USC).
The Identification of Dark Matter
Author: Neil J. C. SpoonerPublisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9789810246020
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 666
Book Description
The objective of the workshop series ?The Identification of Dark Matter? is to assess critically the status of work attempting to identify what constitutes dark matter; in particular, to consider what techniques are currently being used, how successful they are, and what new techniques are likely to improve the prospects for identifying dark matter candidates in the future. This proceedings volume includes reviews on major particle astrophysics topics in the field of dark matter, as well as short contributed papers.
Two-phase Emission Detectors
Author: Dmitry Yu AkimovPublisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9811231109
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 353
Book Description
One of the rapidly developing areas of modern experimental nuclear physics is non-accelerator experiments using low-background detectors. Such experiments, as a rule, are aimed at solving problems that are of fundamental importance for understanding the structure of the Universe, checking the Standard Model of elementary particles, and looking for new physics behind the observable world. The most interesting tasks include the search for dark matter in the form of new weakly interacting particles, the search for neutrinoless double beta decay, the determination of the magnetic moment of the neutrino, the study of neutrino oscillation and new types of interaction of elementary particles, such as coherent neutrino scattering off heavy nuclei.All these processes, occurring with extremely low cross sections, require the development of efficient large-mass detectors capable of detecting small energy releases down to individual ionization electrons. An effective method to do this is the emission method of detecting ionizing particles in two-phase media, which has been proposed at Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI) 50 years ago. The origin of this technique can be traced to the research headed by Prof. Boris A Dolgoshein, whose study focus on the properties of condensed noble gases as a means to develop a tracking streamer chamber with a high-density working medium.This monograph, devoted exclusively to two-phase emission detectors, considers the technology's basic features while taking into account new developments introduced into experimental practice in the last ten years since the publication of its predecessor, Emission Detectors (Bolozdynya, 2010).
The LZ Dark Matter Search and Development of a New Gas Phase Technique to Characterize Low Level Electron Emission from Electrode Grids
Author: Wei JiPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Dark Matter is needed to explain many cosmological observations and therefore has been proposed for many decades, but it awaits direct detection. One of the most popular classes of dark matter candidates is Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), which have masses in the order of 100 GeV and couple to ordinary matter at weak scale. In WIMP direct detection experiments, we look for WIMPs being scattered by nuclei, a process which produces low energy (smaller than 100 keV) recoiling nuclei that can be observed. We are building LZ, a detector looking for WIMPs using liquid xenon in a dual-phase time projection chamber (TPC), at 4850 feet underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, USA. LZ aims to achieve the world's highest sensitivity to find WIMPs via WIMP-nucleon interactions. After a brief discussion of dark matter and the LZ experiment, this dissertation presents the details of my study to solve the electron emission problem. The LZ TPC will consist of electrode grids and other metallic surfaces that can emit electrons when operated under voltage. Because the charge measurement in the LZ detector is sensitive to single electrons, electrons from the grids can be both a significant nuisance for data collection and a source of background at low-energies, limiting the sensitivity of the experiment for low-mass WIMPs. This has motivated us to develop a test detector to study how to reduce this background. The test detector consists of a pair of grids biased to high voltage and operated in xenon gas. The electric field between the grid causes the electrons to produce electroluminescence scintillation light that is measured by PMTs. This new technique is sensitive to single electrons emitted by the grids, allowing a measurement of emission currents as low as atto-amperes. We used this detector to study the properties of different grids and to determine what treatments can be done to reduce their electron emission. We found that passivation with citric acid reduces electron emission from stainless steel surfaces. This work was supervised by Professor Thomas Shutt and was completed in collaboration with members of the LZ collaboration and the SLAC LZ group.
Direct Dark Matter Search with XENON1T and Developments for Multi-ton Liquid Xenon Detectors
Author: Julien WulfLow-mass Dark Matter Search with the XENON100 Experiment
Author: Andrea TiseniPublisher:
ISBN: 9789462338432
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 146
Book Description
"It is hypothesized that 26% of the mass and energy content of the universe consists of Dark Matter. The most promising Dark Matter candidates are Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMP). If WIMPs are the Dark Matter particles, then they could be directly de-tected via their scattering off nuclei. The XENON100 experiment aims to detect the scattering of a WIMP with a xenon nucleus. This experiment is a xenon-based dual-phase (liquid-gas) Time Projection Chamber (TPC). The interaction of a particle in the TPC produces both scintillation photons and ionization electrons, which are both detected as light signals by photomultipliers. So far, the XENON100 experiment has not observed WIMPs, and exclusion limits have been produced. The data analysis relies on an accurate description of the backgrounds. In this thesis I present an analysis that assumes potentially unknown backgrounds to be present in the data. In this way, a WIMP exclusion limit without background subtraction is calculated with a minimum WIMP-nucleon cross section of 2.05 × 10-45 cm2 at a WIMP mass of 50 GeV. Furthermore, I developed a new method to enhance the sensitivity of the XENON100 experiment towards low-mass WIMPs using solely the ionization signal to calculate the recoil energy. Using this method, the sensitivity of the XENON100 experiment is improved by several orders of magnitude for WIMP masses below 7 GeV, excluding a WIMP-nucleon cross section of 1.4 × 10-41 cm2 at a WIMP mass of 6 GeV."--Samenvatting auteur.
Author: Elena Aprile