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Author: Adam C. Errington Publisher: Springer ISBN: 149391426X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 301
Book Description
GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and acts via GABAA and GABAB receptors. Recently, a novel form of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition, termed “tonic” inhibition, has been described. Whereas synaptic GABAA receptors underlie classical “phasic” GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition (inhibitory postsynaptic currents), tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition results from the activation of extrasynaptic receptors by low concentrations of ambient GABA. Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors are composed of receptor subunits that convey biophysical properties ideally suited to the generation of persistent inhibition and are pharmacologically and functionally distinct from their synaptic counterparts. This book highlights ongoing work examining the properties of recombinant and native extrasynaptic GABAA receptors and their preferential targeting by endogenous and clinically relevant agents. In addition, it emphasizes the important role of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in GABAergic inhibition throughout the CNS and identifies them as a major player in both physiological and pathophysiological processes.
Author: Adam C. Errington Publisher: Springer ISBN: 149391426X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 301
Book Description
GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and acts via GABAA and GABAB receptors. Recently, a novel form of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition, termed “tonic” inhibition, has been described. Whereas synaptic GABAA receptors underlie classical “phasic” GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition (inhibitory postsynaptic currents), tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition results from the activation of extrasynaptic receptors by low concentrations of ambient GABA. Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors are composed of receptor subunits that convey biophysical properties ideally suited to the generation of persistent inhibition and are pharmacologically and functionally distinct from their synaptic counterparts. This book highlights ongoing work examining the properties of recombinant and native extrasynaptic GABAA receptors and their preferential targeting by endogenous and clinically relevant agents. In addition, it emphasizes the important role of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in GABAergic inhibition throughout the CNS and identifies them as a major player in both physiological and pathophysiological processes.
Author: Wucheng Tao Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 73
Book Description
Classically, GABAB receptors regulate neurotransmission primarily through presynaptic mechanisms that inhibit neurotransmitter release, and thus inhibit GABAA receptor function. Many studies have shown that postsynaptic GABAB receptors have no direct functional effects on GABAA receptors. In this thesis, I describe novel results that indicate postsynaptic GABAB receptors activation enhances GABAA receptor function in dentate gyrus granule cells (DGGCs). During my early experiments on DGGCs, I made the surprising observation that inhibition of GABAB receptors reduced the amplitude of currents mediated by GABAA receptors. Intrigued by this exciting and unexpected result, I shifted my research to address the following three questions: 1) Do GABAB receptors regulate GABAA receptor function? 2) What are the molecular mechanisms responsible for enhancement of GABAA currents following GABAB receptor activation? and 3) What are the signaling pathways involved in this modulation? Based on these questions, I divide my thesis contents into four chapters. Chapter 1 presents an introductory review of GABAA receptors and GABAB receptors and a summary of my thesis. The main parts of this thesis with descriptions of results addressing the three questions above are presented in chapter 2 - 4: In chapter 2, I found that in dentate gyrus granule cells, postsynaptic GABAB receptor activation enhanced extrasynaptic GABAA receptor function with no effect on synaptic GABAA receptors. Specially, this modulation was cell type specific and only occurs in cell type with delta subunit-containing GABAA receptors. Also, this modulation did not occur at resting condition and required increase of ambient GABA concentration; in chapter 3, I found GABAB receptor activation increased surface expression of delta subunit-containing GABAA receptors with no change in its total protein expression or single channel conductance or channel kinetics of GABAA receptors; in chapter 4, I found that GABAB receptor modulation of GABAA receptors required two signaling pathways, one was mediated by PKA and other one was PKC; and these two signaling pathways worked in opposite directions to modulate surface expression of delta subunit-containing GABAA receptors and GABA currents. As DGGCs act as a gate for hippocampus to prevent excessive excitation inputs from entorhinal cortex, the mechanisms (enhancement of tonic inhibition by membrane trafficking of delta subunit-containing GABAA receptors) I found here maybe utilized by DGGCs to enhance their gating role.
Author: Salvatore J. Enna Publisher: Humana Press ISBN: 9781588298133 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 325
Book Description
The Gaba Receptors, Third Edition, presents a critical appraisal of our current understanding of the molecular, behavioral, biochemical, clinical, and pharmacological properties of GABA receptors. Emphasis is placed on exploring cutting-edge findings on the structureal properties of receptor sites, mechanisms of receptor expression, chemical agents that differentiate receptor subtypes, and phenotypes displayed by GABA receptor null mice. Chapters in this updated and expanded edition examine such topics as GABA receptor subypes, trafficking postsynaptic GABA receptors, GABA receptor mutations associated with idiopathic generalized epilepsies and febrile seizures, and GABA receptors as a potential therapeutic target.
Author: Larry R. Squire Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0080963935 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 12505
Book Description
The Encyclopedia of the Neuroscience explores all areas of the discipline in its focused entries on a wide variety of topics in neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and other related areas of neuroscience. Each article is written by an expert in that specific domain and peer reviewed by the advisory board before acceptance into the encyclopedia. Each article contains a glossary, introduction, a reference section, and cross-references to other related encyclopedia articles. Written at a level suitable for university undergraduates, the breadth and depth of coverage will appeal beyond undergraduates to professionals and academics in related fields.
Author: Roy Webster Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 9780471978190 Category : Medical Languages : de Pages : 550
Book Description
Neurotransmitters, Drugs and Brain Function aims to link basic aspects of the activity of neurotransmitters at the receptor and synaptic level with their role in normal brain function, disease states, and drug action. Thus, the material considers to what extent our knowledge of the central synaptic action of certain drugs can explain their possible roles in the cause of diseases and in the modes of action of drugs effective in those conditions. It offers a working explanation of drug and neurotransmitter action in CNS function, with a clear, comprehensive, and challenging style of writing. The authors review the chemical basis for drugs and the conditions they treat. It also, includes numerous illustrations and schematic diagrams.
Author: Bernat Soria Publisher: ISBN: Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 498
Book Description
The improved understanding of ion channel structure, achieved through the use of molecular biology techniques, has opened the way for the development of new drugs targeted at specific types of ion channels. This book provides a comprehensive, single-volume overview of the effects of different drugs and toxins on ionic channels. The first part of the book deals with the development of ion channels, while subsequent chapters detail the electrophysiological properties and pharmacology of eight different types of ion channels, including intracellular, cyclic nucleotide-gated, and receptor operated channels. Drug effects in various cell types, along with the potential use of channels in therapeutics, are discussed for each channel type. Comprehensive and up-to-date, Ion Channel Pharmacology is an essential reference for every investigator in this fast-growing area of research.
Author: Mia Levite Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3709108888 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 374
Book Description
“Nerve-Driven Immunity: Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides in the Immune System” summarizes, analyzes and sheds new light on an unrecognized, yet very important role of key neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the immune system. Each chapter of the book deals with a different neurotransmitter/neuropeptide from the following list: Dopamine, Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, Acetylcholine, Glutamate, GABA, Somatostatin, Neuropeptide Y (NPY), Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), Opioids and Cannabinoids. For each of these neurotransmitters/neuropeptides, the following four topics are discussed: The specific receptors for the neurotransmitter/neuropeptide expressed in various types of immune cells The direct effects induced by the neurotransmitter/neuropeptide in various types of immune cells (either resting or activated), and the specific immune functions and features it activates/elevates or rather inhibits in specific concentrations The production of the neurotransmitter/neuropeptide in, and its release by, various types of immune cells The involvement of the neurotransmitter/neuropeptide in various diseases of the immune system (among them autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency diseases and hematological cancers) The book includes many original figures, overview tables, and proposed models of events which are instrumental, enriching and stimulating for the reader. In light of the above-mentioned aspects, “Nerve-Driven Immunity: Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides in the Immune System” is ideally suited as a textbook for new courses in Immunology, Neurology, Neuro-immunology or Pharmacology. The book chapters were written by highly skilled authors from 10 countries: the USA, the United Kingdom, Italy, Israel, Sweden, France, Germany, Spain, Serbia and Romania. “Nerve-Driven Immunity” is a term first coined by Dr. Mia Levite (the editor of the book).
Author: Walter H. Hsu Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118714164 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 564
Book Description
Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology is a clear and concise guide to pharmacology concepts and commonly used veterinary drugs. Providing a succinct overview of veterinary pharmacology, this book presents information in a user-friendly outline format to allow quick access to practical drug information. With chapters covering the basic principles, specific drugs, interactions, and legal considerations, Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology offers up-to-date information on basic and clinical veterinary pharmacology. As an aid to student comprehension, simple line drawings depict the mechanisms of action and study questions with explanations are included at the end of each chapter. Appendices on withdrawal times for drugs in production animals and drug dosages in domestic species are a valuable tool, allowing quick decisions on drug therapy. Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology is an indispensable text for veterinary students and practitioners.
Author: Adam C. Errington
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