Author: Peter WeberPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 782
Book Description
Fundamentals of the Solid-state Reduction of Chromite in the Presence of Silica Flux
Author: Peter WeberFengamentals of the Solid-state Reduction of Chromite in the Presence of Silica Flux
Author: Kinetics and Mechanism of Solid State Silica Fluxed Reduction of Chromite with Coal
Author: Hoang Van DuongPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chromite
Languages : en
Pages : 220
Book Description
Solid state reduction of an Australian chromite was thermogravimetrically studies at temperatures between 1000-14000C with coals under an argon atmosphere. Temperature had the greatest influence on the reduction followed by chromite particle size and silica addition. The affect of silica on the reduction process was from a temperature of around 13000C, with the formation of a silicate slag. The initial reduction involved the nucleation of metallic iron at lattice defect sites of the chromite. This led to the formation of an iron carbide layer around the chromite. Further reduction of the iron was possible by diffusion of the ionic iron to the surface of the chromite where it was reduced through the carbide phase. A counterdiffusion of chromium and magnesium ions also occurred within the partially reduced zone of the chromite. In the presence of added silica and a temperature of 13000C, subsequent reduction of the chromium and the remaining iron were through the dissolution of these species into the slag. This mechanism resulted in a two stage reduction kinetics which was experimentally observed. The first stage was controlled by the solid state diffusion of the cations. The activation energy was 111 kJmol-1. The second stage was controlled by the dissolution process. The slag contained some chromium and trace amounts of carbon and iron. Some silicon was also reduced at 14000C. The concentrations of carbon and silicon in the alloys were inversely proportional to each other. The reductions of Cr2O3, Fe2O3, and chromite by activated carbon were through the gas phase based on the in situ measurement of the partial pressure of oxygen. The reduction of the Fe2O3 was stepwise which did not show for the Cr2O3 and the chromite systems. The product gas in the reduction of chromite was determined to be mostly of carbon monoxide.ls were.
Kinetic Study on Solid State and Smelting Reduction of Chromite Ore
Author: Marko KekkonenPublisher:
ISBN: 9789516665460
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 96
Book Description
Process for the Enhanced Reduction of Chromite Ores
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
According to the invention a process for the solid state reduction of chromite ores comprises heating finely divided chromite ore in intimate admixture with a finely divided carbonaceous reductant and a flux comprising at least one alkali metal aluminium silicate, silica and calcium flouride at a temperature and for a time chosen to cause the formation of a substantially liquid flux phase in contact with adjacent solid particles of chromite and carbonaceous reductant.
Experimental Study on Solid State Reduction of Chromite with Rising Temperature
Author: Marko KekkonenPublisher:
ISBN: 9789512243396
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 2
Book Description
The Solid-state Reduction of Chromite in a Vertical Shaft Furnace
Author: M. J. NiayeshHandbook of Ferroalloys
Author: Michael GasikPublisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 0080977669
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 537
Book Description
This handbook gathers, reviews and concisely presents the core principles and varied technology involved in processing ferroalloys. Background content in thermodynamics, kinetics, heat and mass transfer is accompanied by an overview of electrical furnaces theory and practice as well as sustainability issues. The work includes detailed coverage of the major technologies of ferrosilicon, ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotungsten, ferrovanadium, ferromanganese and lesser known minor ferroalloys. Distilling the results of many years' experience in ferroalloys, Michael Gasik has assembled contributions from the worlds' foremost experts. The work is therefore a unique source for scientists, engineers and university students, exploring in depth an area which is one of the most versatile and increasingly used fields within modern metallurgy. All-in-one source for the major ferroalloys and their metallurgical processing technologies, cutting research time otherwise spent digging through old handbooks or review articles. In-depth discussion of the C, Si, Al-reduction, groups II-VIII of the periodic table, supporting analysis of metallurgical processing. Contemporary coverage includes environment and energy saving issues.
Lunar Sourcebook
Author: Grant HeikenPublisher: CUP Archive
ISBN: 9780521334440
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 796
Book Description
The only work to date to collect data gathered during the American and Soviet missions in an accessible and complete reference of current scientific and technical information about the Moon.
Applications of Process Engineering Principles in Materials Processing, Energy and Environmental Technologies
Author: Shijie WangPublisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319510916
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 549
Book Description
This collection offers new research findings, innovations, and industrial technological developments in extractive metallurgy, energy and environment, and materials processing. Technical topics included in the book are thermodynamics and kinetics of metallurgical reactions, electrochemical processing of materials, plasma processing of materials, composite materials, ionic liquids, thermal energy storage, energy efficient and environmental cleaner technologies and process modeling. These topics are of interest not only to traditional base ferrous and non-ferrous metal industrial processes but also to new and upcoming technologies, and they play important roles in industrial growth and economy worldwide.