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Author: Donald J. Cram Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323162444 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 299
Book Description
Organic Chemistry, Volume 4: Fundamentals of Carbanion Chemistry provides information pertinent to carbanion chemistry. This book explores several topics, including carbonium ions, carbanions, carbenes, and carbon radicals. Comprised of six chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the variation of the kinetic and thermodynamic acidities of carbon acids with substituents and environments. This text then explores the methods of carbanion stabilization by substituents and discusses the various types of stabilization. Other chapters explain the stereochemistry of hydrogen–deuterium exchange and examine the stereochemistry of substitution reactions of organometallic compounds. This book discusses as well the structure and immediate environment of reaction intermediates through the use of stereochemical techniques. The final chapter considers the unsaturated anionic rearrangements of carbanions, carbonium ions, as well as carbon radicals and other rearrangements. Chemists, organic chemists, researchers, and graduate students interested in the field of carbanion chemistry will find this book extremely useful.
Author: Donald J. Cram Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323162444 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 299
Book Description
Organic Chemistry, Volume 4: Fundamentals of Carbanion Chemistry provides information pertinent to carbanion chemistry. This book explores several topics, including carbonium ions, carbanions, carbenes, and carbon radicals. Comprised of six chapters, this volume starts with an overview of the variation of the kinetic and thermodynamic acidities of carbon acids with substituents and environments. This text then explores the methods of carbanion stabilization by substituents and discusses the various types of stabilization. Other chapters explain the stereochemistry of hydrogen–deuterium exchange and examine the stereochemistry of substitution reactions of organometallic compounds. This book discusses as well the structure and immediate environment of reaction intermediates through the use of stereochemical techniques. The final chapter considers the unsaturated anionic rearrangements of carbanions, carbonium ions, as well as carbon radicals and other rearrangements. Chemists, organic chemists, researchers, and graduate students interested in the field of carbanion chemistry will find this book extremely useful.
Author: R. Bates Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9783642690396 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This book was prepared with the idea of collecting some of the multitudinous new literature on carbanions and pre- senting it along with the fundamentals of carbanion chemi- stry. Some 400 papers from the period 1976 to 1982 have been assimilated into the book along with about an equal number of references (many to reviews) from the earlier literature. The material is organized under the headings Structures (with emphasis on the results of X-ray studies since they unambiguously show the molecular geometry), Preparations, and Reactions. Reactions, the largest topic, is divided into reactions with electrophiles, eliminations, oxidations, and rearrangements. Under these headings, carbanions without resonance stabilization (0' carbanions) are generally discus- sed first, and are further subdivided into Sp3 (alkyl) followed by Sp2 (vinyl and aryl) followed by sp (acetylenic); resonance- stabilized (n) hydrocarbon anions such as allyl and benzyl follow; lastly, heteroatom-containing n carbanions such as enolates are considered. Some references to carbanion equivalents are included at the end. Tucson, Arizona U.S.A. Robert B. Bates May 1983 Craig A. Ogle Table of Contents I. Introduction 1 II. Structures . 3 1. Non-delocalized (0") 3 a. Sp3 ..... . 3 b. Sp2 and sp . . . 7 2. Delocalized (n) . . 8 a. Hydrocarbon Anions 8 b. Heteroatom-containing Carbanions 10 III. Preparations. . . . . 13 13 1. From Alkyl Halides 13 a. With Metals . . 15 b. With Organometallics . 17 2. From Alkanes by Proton Abstraction 17 a. Acidities of CH Protons. . 21 b. Base-solvent Systems . . . 25 3. From Unsaturated Compounds 25 a. By Reduction . . . . . .
Author: Anne-Marie Sapse Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 9780471549307 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 612
Book Description
An up-to-date, comprehensive guide to LITHIUM CHEMISTRY Although lithium has been the subject of numerous individualstudies, this intriguing element has rarely been examined from thebroad perspective many researchers require. Lithium Chemistry: ATheoretical and Experimental Overview fills this void by providingthe most thorough and up-to-date overview available of currenttheories and experimental data. Supported by nearly two hundred illustrations, this book draws uponthe expertise of prominent researchers in the field, and treats thefull range of modern applications and techniques. The result is aunique and invaluable guide to lithium studies for researchers andgraduate students working in the fields of organic, inorganic, andorgano-metallic chemistry. Lithium Chemistry: A Theoretical and Experimental Overview assumesa background in quantum chemistry and experimental physicalchemistry at the graduate level and includes coverage of thesemajor topics: * Bonding, structures, and energies in organolithium compounds * Theoretical studies of aggregates of lithium compounds * Comparison of lithium and hydrogen bonds * Lithium atom matrix reactions with small molecules * NMR of organolithium compounds * Aspects of the thermochemistry of lithium compounds * The structure of lithiated amines and lithiated ethers--fromcarbanions to carbenoids * Complexes of inorganic lithium salts * Structures of lithium salts of heteroatom compounds * Synthetic ionophores for lithium ions
Author: Dr. Rubby Mishra, Publisher: Thakur Publication Private Limited ISBN: 9354801498 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 344
Book Description
Buy Latest Fundamentals of Chemistry B.Sc. 1 Sem Chemistry Book especially designed for U.P. State universities by Thakur Publication.
Author: Narain R. P. Publisher: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. ISBN: 8120341791 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 279
Book Description
Written for the undergraduate and postgraduate students of chemistry, this textbook presents comprehensive coverage of different types of reactions and their mechanisms. The need for such a book has been felt for a very long time both by students and teachers. The book discusses chemical kinetics, structure and reactivity, and reactive intermediates such as carbenes, nitrenes and benzynes. It also describes the mechanism of tautomerism and the concepts of aromaticity. In addition, the book elaborates the various reactions such as substitution, free radical, addition, elimination and alkylation reactions. Finally, the text presents a detailed discussion on molecular rearrangements, oximes and diazo compounds, as well as the concepts of photochemistry. KEY FEATURES: Presents a number of examples to explain the mechanistic concepts. Offers graphs and tables at various places to illustrate the key points. Includes latest information on the subject.
Author: Arthur F. Scott Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1483225097 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 303
Book Description
Survey of Progress in Chemistry, Volume 4 considers the principles common to all chemistry that undergo major developments and modifications, including aqueous solutions, carbanions, stable isotopes, nitrogen fixation, ionizing radiation, and organic compound luminescence. This volume is organized into six chapters. The first chapter surveys first the theories of water and aqueous solutions structure, followed by the evaluation of temperature, pressure, and electrolytes on water. This chapter emphasizes the role of water structure in biological systems. The second chapter covers the generation, capture, mechanism of stabilization, and isomerization of carbanions, while the separation and practical applications of isotopes are examined in the third chapter. The following chapter describes the mechanism of nitrogen fixation by those cells capable of fixing nitrogen. The concluding chapters explore some aspects of the energy transfer process and the formation of intermediate molecular species. These chapters also evaluate the luminescence of organic systems. This book is of value to college chemistry teachers and students.
Author: Francis A. Carey Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1475711433 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 737
Book Description
The purpose of this edition is the same as that of the first edition, that is, to provide a deeper understanding of the structures of organic compounds and the mechanisms of organic reactions. The level is aimed at advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students. Our goal is to solidify the student's understanding of basic concepts provided in an introduction to organic chemistry and to fill in much more information and detail, including quantitative information, than can be presented in the first course in organic chemistry. The first three chapters consider the fundamental topics of bonding theory, stereochemistry, and conformation. Chapter 4 discusses the techniques that are used to study and characterize reaction mechanisms. The remaining chapters consider basic reaction types with a broad coverage of substituent effects and stereochemistry being provided so that each reaction can be described in good, if not entirely complete, detail. The organization is very similar to the first edition with only a relative shift in emphasis having been made. The major change is the more general application of qualitative molecular orbital theory in presenting the structural basis of substituent and stereoelectronic effects. The primary research literature now uses molecular orbital approaches very widely, while resonance theory serves as the primary tool for explanation of structural and substituent effects at the introductory level. Our intention is to illustrate the use of both types of interpretation, with the goal of facilitating the student's ability to understand and apply the molecular orbital concepts now widely in use.
Author: Donald J. Cram
Author: Donald J. Cram
Author: Donald James Cram
Author: R. Bates
Author: Adam Jacobs
Author: Anne-Marie Sapse
Author: E. Buncel
Author: Dr. Rubby Mishra,
Author: Narain R. P.
Author: Arthur F. Scott
Author: Francis A. Carey