Fundamental Understanding of Cobalt Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Catalyst Deactivation PDF Download

Author: D. Kistamurthy
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789038638539
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 218

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Author: André Steynberg
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080472796
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 722

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Book Description
Fischer-Tropsch Technology is a unique book for its state-of-the-art approach to Fischer Tropsch (FT) technology. This book provides an explanation of the basic principles and terminology that are required to understand the application of FT technology. It also contains comprehensive references to patents and previous publications. As the first publication to focus on theory and application, it is a contemporary reference source for students studying chemistry and chemical engineering. Researchers and engineers active in the development of FT technology will also find this book an invaluable source of information. * Is the first publication to cover the theory and application for modern Fischer Tropsch technology * Contains comprehensive knowledge on all aspects relevant to the application of Fischer Tropsch technology* No other publication looks at past, present and future applications

Author: A. Parmaliana
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080537308
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1005

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Book Description
On January 1988, the ascertained and economically accessible reserves of Natural Gas (NG) amounted to over 144,000 billion cubic meters worldwide, corresponding to 124 billion tons of oil equivalents (comparable with the liquid oil reserves, which are estimated to be 138 billion TOE). It is hypothesized that the volume of NG reserve will continue to grow at the same rate of the last decade. Forecasts on production indicate a potential increase from about 2,000 billion cubic meters in 1990 to not more than 3,300 billion cubic meters in 2010, even in a high economic development scenario. NG consumption represents only one half of oil: 1.9 billion TOE/y as compared to 3.5 of oil. Consequently, in the future gas will exceed oil as a carbon atom source. In the future the potential for getting energetic vectors or petrochemicals from NG will continue to grow.The topics covered in Natural Gas Conversion V reflect the large global R&D effort to look for new and economic ways of NG exploitation. These range from the direct conversion of methane and light paraffins to the indirect conversion through synthesis gas to fuels and chemicals. Particularly underlined and visible are the technologies already commercially viable.These proceedings prove that mature and technologically feasible processes for natural gas conversion are already available and that new and improved catalytic approaches are currently developing, the validity and feasibility of which will soon be documented. This is an exciting area of modern catalysis, which will certainly open novel and rewarding perspectives for the chemical, energy and petrochemical industries.

Author: Wilson D. Shafer
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 303928388X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 414

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Since the turn of the last century when the field of catalysis was born, iron and cobalt have been key players in numerous catalysis processes. These metals, due to their ability to activate CO and CH, haev a major economic impact worldwide. Several industrial processes and synthetic routes use these metals: biomass-to-liquids (BTL), coal-to-liquids (CTL), natural gas-to-liquids (GTL), water-gas-shift, alcohol synthesis, alcohol steam reforming, polymerization processes, cross-coupling reactions, and photocatalyst activated reactions. A vast number of materials are produced from these processes, including oil, lubricants, waxes, diesel and jet fuels, hydrogen (e.g., fuel cell applications), gasoline, rubbers, plastics, alcohols, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, feed-stock chemicals, and other alternative materials. However, given the true complexities of the variables involved in these processes, many key mechanistic issues are still not fully defined or understood. This Special Issue of Catalysis will be a collaborative effort to combine current catalysis research on these metals from experimental and theoretical perspectives on both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. We welcome contributions from the catalysis community on catalyst characterization, kinetics, reaction mechanism, reactor development, theoretical modeling, and surface science.

Author: Burtron H. Davis
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1466555300
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 424

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Book Description
This book is based on a symposium held during the 248th American Chemical Society meeting that focused on use of the Fischer-Tropsch process in producing synthetic fuels. Its contents reflect the four dominant subjects of the meeting: catalyst preparation and activation, catalyst activity and reaction mechanisms, catalyst characterization and related reactions, and topics concerning commercializing the Fischer-Tropsch process. It covers recent developments related to renewable resources and green energy and provides a glimpse of the commercial potential of the Fischer-Tropsch process in synthetic fuel production.

Author: Magdalena Maria Hauman Hauman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 240

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Author: Calvin H. Bartholomew
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038421871
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 312

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Book Description
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Advances in Catalyst Deactivation" that was published in Catalysts

Author: Majid Sadeqzadeh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 211

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Book Description
Catalyst deactivation remains a major challenge in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; as it reduces the catalyst lifetime as well as its productivity. Deactivation can be attributed to certain mechanisms according to the literature. Sintering is proposed in this work to be responsible for the initial deactivation whereas coking is suggested to be the main cause of long-term deactivation. The final objective of this thesis is to develop the mechanistic models which could predict the extent of catalyst deactivation with time. In the first step, the change in the catalyst physico-chemical properties with time on stream is considered. A three-step sintering model is proposed which involves the effect of water acceleration through the formation of surface cobalt oxide layer. This mechanism allows correlating the crystallites growth with certain operating conditions especially the H2O/H2 molar ratio inside the reactor. We have also developed a mechanism for the active site poisoning by carbon deposition for the long-term deactivation. This mechanism helps to evaluate the change in the active sites coverage with time as well the CO, H2, and H2O mole fractions. The two microscopic models are then integrated in the reactor models in order to correlate the change in the catalytic activity with the catalyst properties. We have developed the models dedicated to fixed bed and slurry reactors. The effect of operating conditions on the crystallite size, active sites fraction, and conversion is considered by the simulations. The models are then employed in the laboratory scale reactors to fit the experimental data and to optimize the deactivation constants.

Author: Peter M. Maitlis
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527329455
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 404

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Book Description
Greener Fischer-Tropsch Processes How can we use our carbon-based resources in the most responsible manner? How can we most efficiently transform natural gas, coal, or biomass into diesel, jet fuel or gasoline to drive our machines? The Big Questions today are energy-related, and the Fischer-Tropsch process provides industrially tested solutions. This book offers a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the Fischer-Tropsch process, from the basic science and engineering to commercial issues. It covers industrial, economic, environmental, and fundamental aspects, with a specific focus on “green” concepts such as sustainability, process improvement, waste-reduction, and environmental care. The result is a practical reference for researchers, engineers, and financial analysts working in the energy sector, who are interested in carbon conversion, fuel processing or synthetic fuel technologies. It is also an ideal introductory book on the Fischer-Tropsch process for graduate courses in chemistry and chemical engineering.

Author: I. Chorkendorff
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527332685
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 526

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Book Description
In the past 12 years since its publication, Concepts of Modern Catalysis and Kinetics has become a standard textbook for graduate students at universities worldwide. Emphasizing fundamentals from thermodynamics, physical chemistry, spectroscopy, solid state chemistry and quantum chemistry, it introduces catalysis from a molecular perspective, and stresses how it is interwoven with the field of reaction kinetics. The authors go on to explain how the world of reacting molecules is connected to the real world of industry, by discussing the various scales (nano - micro - macro) that play a role in catalysis. Reflecting the modern-day focus on energy supplies, this third edition devotes attention to such processes as gas-to-liquids, coal-to-liquids, biomass conversion and hydrogen production. From reviews of the prior editions: 'Overall, this is a valuable book that I will use in teaching undergraduates and postgraduates.' (Angewandte Chemie - I. E.) '...this excellent book is highly recommended to students at technical universities, but also entrants in chemical industry. Furthermore, this informative handbook is also a must for all professionals in the community.' (AFS) 'I am impressed by the coverage of the book and it is a valuable addition to the catalysis literature and I highly recommend purchase' (Energy Sources)