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Author: Shashi K. Sharma Publisher: New India Publishing Agency ISBN: 939138336X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
Subtropical regions are the areas experiencing hot summer and cold or frosty winters. Such regions lie between the temperate and tropical latitudes on the south and north of the equator. Under the NW sub-Himalayan conditions and in the adjoining plains, frost is a serious threat, especially for fruit crop cultivation. The cultivation of evergreen subtropical plants always remains under the threat of frost damage. Agricultural research has made significant advances in crop production practices but the technology for effective frost protection is still lacking. Scientists worldwide are working with enthusiasm, tenacity and dedication to keep up with this threat. This book is a collection of information developed by the author and by others across the globe on the management of frosty situations. It is an initiative for developing understanding amongst the masses about frost, frost-induced freezing and options which can be explored for mitigating its ill effects. Besides giving an overview of frost and its impact on subtropical fruit plantations, this book is an attempt to convey a simplified version of the information on orchard energy balance, mechanism of damage to plant tissues and biomolecular aspects of plant defence. Keeping growers' perspectives in mind, the practical aspects and elaborations derived from open field studies have been duly considered while describing the frost sensitivity of crops, damage symptoms, frost prediction, delineation of frost-prone areas, and frost impact mitigation. The book is therefore a comprehensive narrative of theoretical and practical aspects of frost and its impact mitigation.
Author: Shashi K. Sharma Publisher: New India Publishing Agency ISBN: 939138336X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
Subtropical regions are the areas experiencing hot summer and cold or frosty winters. Such regions lie between the temperate and tropical latitudes on the south and north of the equator. Under the NW sub-Himalayan conditions and in the adjoining plains, frost is a serious threat, especially for fruit crop cultivation. The cultivation of evergreen subtropical plants always remains under the threat of frost damage. Agricultural research has made significant advances in crop production practices but the technology for effective frost protection is still lacking. Scientists worldwide are working with enthusiasm, tenacity and dedication to keep up with this threat. This book is a collection of information developed by the author and by others across the globe on the management of frosty situations. It is an initiative for developing understanding amongst the masses about frost, frost-induced freezing and options which can be explored for mitigating its ill effects. Besides giving an overview of frost and its impact on subtropical fruit plantations, this book is an attempt to convey a simplified version of the information on orchard energy balance, mechanism of damage to plant tissues and biomolecular aspects of plant defence. Keeping growers' perspectives in mind, the practical aspects and elaborations derived from open field studies have been duly considered while describing the frost sensitivity of crops, damage symptoms, frost prediction, delineation of frost-prone areas, and frost impact mitigation. The book is therefore a comprehensive narrative of theoretical and practical aspects of frost and its impact mitigation.
Author: Ajay Kumar Publisher: Woodhead Publishing ISBN: 0323853633 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 442
Book Description
Stress Tolerance in Horticultural Crops: Challenges and Mitigation Strategies explores concepts, strategies and recent advancements in the area of abiotic stress tolerance in horticultural crops, highlighting the latest advances in molecular breeding, genome sequencing and functional genomics approaches. Further sections present specific insights on different aspects of abiotic stress tolerance from classical breeding, hybrid breeding, speed breeding, epigenetics, gene/quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, transgenics, physiological and biochemical approaches to OMICS approaches, including functional genomics, proteomics and genomics assisted breeding. Due to constantly changing environmental conditions, abiotic stress such as high temperature, salinity and drought are being understood as an imminent threat to horticultural crops, including their detrimental effects on plant growth, development, reproduction, and ultimately, on yield. This book offers a comprehensive resource on new developments that is ideal for anyone working in the field of abiotic stress management in horticultural crops, including researchers, students and educators. - Describes advances in whole genome and next generation sequencing approaches for breeding climate smart horticultural crops - Details advanced germplasm tolerance to abiotic stresses screened in the recent past and their performance - Includes advancements in OMICS approaches in horticultural crops
Author: Adel A. Abul-Soad Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000860000 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 322
Book Description
This book focuses on various tropical fruit tree species management for climate change including mitigation strategies and technological countermeasures taken by researchers, progressive growers and commercial companies to overcome the adverse changes. It can be considered as a unique source emphasizing the fruit species solitary not by subject as usual to enable readers reaching directly to their crop of interest. The content includes genetic resources conservation, remote sensing and environmental certification. Increasing attention of society toward information and measures taken by various stakeholders about climate change risks and threats makes this book very timely. Key points • Provides a contemporary view of the impact of climate change on cultivation of individual fruit species. • Offers modern approaches for mitigating the adverse impact of climate change on fruits cultivation. • Describes research progress of understanding and combating the impact of climate change on fruits production. • Illustrates presented concepts with relevant figures and tabulated data.
Author: Paramjit Singh Minhas Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811057443 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 520
Book Description
This book offers a state-of-the-art overview of on abiotic stresses in terms of the challenges; scope and opportunities; copping strategies for adaptation and mitigation using novel tools for building resilience in agricultural crops and livestock; as well as for policy implementation. Divided into four major parts: advances and prospects for understanding stress environments; adaptation and mitigation options; crop-based mitigation strategies; and mitigation options in animal husbandry, the book focuses on problem-solving approaches and techniques that are essential for the medium to long-term sustainability of agricultural production systems The synthesis and integration of knowledge and experiences of specialists from different disciplines offers new perspectives in the versatile field of abiotic stress management, and as such is useful for various stakeholders, including agricultural students, scientists, environmentalists, policymakers, and social scientists.
Author: Weiyun Hua Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Frost is one of the major causes of weather-related damage on crops, which has resulted in huge economic losses for growers in agriculture worldwide. This dissertation reviewed advanced technologies for high-efficiency frost management and developed precision heating methods for improving anti-frost effects. The studies included numerical models for understanding orchard-based heat transfer patterns under various scenarios, a multi-heater path planning algorithm with shortest path cost in multiple heating cycles, an estimation method of heater number according to orchard size, heater performance, and frost severity, and a smart cyber-physical heating system by perceiving environments and making corresponding heating decisions. First, a research gap toward effective heating-based frost protection was identified due to the lack of spatial temperature information. To simulate airflow and heat transfer in an apple orchard, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were developed. The effects of heater output intensity and output velocity, heating angle, ambient wind direction and velocity were analyzed. Additionally, quantitative comparisons between the mobile heating case and fixed heating cases were conducted. The second objective focused on the deployment of multiple heaters in multiple heating cycles in apple orchards. Traditional heating, either fixed or mobile, has limited heating capacity. Therefore, a precision heating strategy was proposed to prioritize applying heat to canopies with high heating demands in orchards. The precision heating experiments in a simulated orchard environment with dynamic multiple goal points were implemented by an improved A-Star path-planning algorithm, in which a path cost estimation-based linear optimization method was presented to find the optimal paths for multiple heaters and a conflict-based search (CBS) method was used to generate collision-free paths. In addition, an estimation method for the heater number based on the precision heating strategy was proposed and the heater number was determined by orchard size, heater performance, and frost severity. Finally, the difference in the heater number between precision heating and traditional heating was compared. The last part of the dissertation aimed to solve a research gap toward timely and autonomously implementing frost protection actions. Growers generally determine when and how to apply heat in orchards based on their experiences, leading to either insufficient heating or energy waste. Therefore, a frost protection cyber-physical system (CPCPS) was developed to make heating decisions based on real-time ambient temperature and wind direction data. The CPCPS consisted of a real-time temperature sensing system, an angle auto-adjusted heater, and an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) to move the heating system. The results show that the CPCPS improved protection performance during the field tests. This dissertation provided the conclusions, implications, and future improvements at the end of each chapter. Overall, the outcomes of this dissertation provided important guidance for precision heating-based frost protection to mitigate frost damage on crops and could lead to promote agricultural sustainability.
Author: David Jackson Publisher: CABI ISBN: 1845935012 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
Effective fruit production requires general knowledge of fruit husbandry in areas such as nutrition, propagation, pruning and training, effects of climate and crop protection, as well as specific cultivation techniques for each fruit. Fully revised and expanded to include organic fruit production, this new edition provides a thorough introduction to the cultivation of fruit found throughtout the temperate and subtropical regions of the world.
Author: Debashis Mandal Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000613895 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 647
Book Description
This new volume is a rich and comprehensive resource of the basic information and latest developments and research efforts on tropical and subtropical fruits. It presents an extensive overview of crop production techniques, processing, marketing, breeding efforts, harvesting, postharvest handling, pest and disease management, and more of banana, citrus, durian, grapes, guava, jackfruit, litchi, mango, and papaya.
Author: Bruce Schaffer Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780849301797 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 328
Book Description
This exciting handbook is devoted solely to the effects of environmental variables on the physiology of the world's major fruit and nut crops. Its cosmopolitan scope includes chapters on tropical and sub-tropical species written by scientists from several continents. The influence of environmental factors, such as irradiance, temperature, water and salinity on plant physiology and on vegetative and reproductive growth, is comprehensively discussed for each crop. In addition to being a thorough textbook, the organization of this volume makes it an excellent reference tool. Each chapter focuses on a single crop, or a group of genetically or horticulturally related crop, and is appropriately divided into subsections that address individual environmental factors. Some chapters emphasize whole-plant physiology and plant growth and development, while other chapters feature theoretical aspects of plant physiology. Several chapters provide botanical background discussions to enhance understanding of the crop's response to its environment.
Author: Parvaiz Ahmad Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 146140634X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 475
Book Description
Abiotic stress cause changes in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum and is responsible for reduced yield in several major crops. Therefore, the subject of abiotic stress response in plants - metabolism, productivity and sustainability - is gaining considerable significance in the contemporary world. Abiotic stress is an integral part of “climate change,” a complex phenomenon with a wide range of unpredictable impacts on the environment. Prolonged exposure to these abiotic stresses results in altered metabolism and damage to biomolecules. Plants evolve defense mechanisms to tolerate these stresses by upregulation of osmolytes, osmoprotectants, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, etc. This volume deals with abiotic stress-induced morphological and anatomical changes, abberations in metabolism, strategies and approaches to increase salt tolerance, managing the drought stress, sustainable fruit production and postharvest stress treatments, role of glutathione reductase, flavonoids as antioxidants in plants, the role of salicylic acid and trehalose in plants, stress-induced flowering. The role of soil organic matter in mineral nutrition and fatty acid profile in response to heavy metal stress are also dealt with. Proteomic markers for oxidative stress as a new tools for reactive oxygen species and photosynthesis research, abscisic acid signaling in plants are covered with chosen examples. Stress responsive genes and gene products including expressed proteins that are implicated in conferring tolerance to the plant are presented. Thus, this volume would provides the reader with a wide spectrum of information including key references and with a large number of illustrations and tables. Dr. Parvaiz is Assistant Professor in Botany at A.S. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. He has completed his post-graduation in Botany in 2000 from Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India. After his Ph.D from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, India in 2007 he joined the International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi. He has published more than 20 research papers in peer reviewed journals and 4 book chapters. He has also edited a volume which is in press with Studium Press Pvt. India Ltd., New Delhi, India. Dr. Parvaiz is actively engaged in studying the molecular and physio-biochemical responses of different plants (mulberry, pea, Indian mustard) under environmental stress. Prof. M.N.V. Prasad is a Professor in the Department of Plant Sciences at the University of Hyderabad, India. He received B.Sc. (1973) and M.Sc. (1975) degrees from Andhra University, India, and the Ph.D. degree (1979) in botany from the University of Lucknow, India. Prasad has published 216 articles in peer reviewed journals and 82 book chapters and conference proceedings in the broad area of environmental botany and heavy metal stress in plants. He is the author, co-author, editor, or co-editor for eight books. He is the recipient of Pitamber Pant National Environment Fellowship of 2007 awarded by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India.
Author: Joan Sydney Whitmore Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401595623 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 376
Book Description
At last, integrated management of drought on farms is dealt with in one comprehensive book. Although drought is a highly variable, near-universal natural phenomenon which has repercussions on a country's water and food supplies and many other sectors of the economy, there are many ways of avoiding, resisting and mitigating the effects of drought. Pro-active preparedness entails using the principles of risk management to upgrade the drought resistance of a farm systematically, and to have auxiliary contingency plans at the ready for use during unusually long droughts. The book provides tools for these strategies as it covers the management of water, soils, crops, rangeland, fodder and livestock, and many other drought-related topics. Audience: This book will be an important source of information for university and college staff and students in agricultural sciences, water and land use, environmental management, geography and risk management, and also farmers, agricultural advisors and policy makers.
Author: Shashi K. Sharma
Author: Shashi K. Sharma
Author: Ajay Kumar
Author: Adel A. Abul-Soad
Author: Paramjit Singh Minhas
Author: Weiyun Hua
Author: David Jackson
Author: Debashis Mandal
Author: Bruce Schaffer
Author: Parvaiz Ahmad
Author: Joan Sydney Whitmore