Author: Donald A. Pruefer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear submarines
Languages : en
Pages : 138
Book Description
After the Soviet Union's collapse, the newly independent nations that emerged from its wreckage were immediately confronted by a myriad of environmental problems, and continue to be plagued by them nearly a decade later. In a microcosm of the shortsighted planning, reckless development and lack of ecological concern that epitomized the Soviet era, 70 decommissioned nuclear submarines are currently moored in ports along the Kola Peninsula. Obsolete, damaged, or banned by strategic arms reductions treaties, they have been largely abandoned after being stripped of their offensive armament. Manned by skeleton crews, these toothless sharks hold within their poorly maintained hulls a total of nearly 30 times the amount of nuclear fuel that was in Chernobyl Reactor Number Four when it exploded in 1986. Reporters and ecologists (from Russia and elsewhere) have made a connection between that disaster and one they see unfolding in Russia's northwest, depicting the submarines as "floating Chernobyl" and "a Chernobyl in slow motion." This illustrates the irony of shifting perceptions in NATO countries about how these submarines threaten them. In their Cold War glory, these vessels were meticulously watched in the West. The threat they represented was defined in terms of the throw weights of the nuclear warheads they carried aboard. A decade after the Soviet implosion, these submarines are largely ignored. The threat they now pose is measured in metric tons of the spent fuel and radioactive waste carried within their decaying hulls.
From Throw Weights to Metric Tons
Author: Donald A. Pruefer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear submarines
Languages : en
Pages : 138
Book Description
After the Soviet Union's collapse, the newly independent nations that emerged from its wreckage were immediately confronted by a myriad of environmental problems, and continue to be plagued by them nearly a decade later. In a microcosm of the shortsighted planning, reckless development and lack of ecological concern that epitomized the Soviet era, 70 decommissioned nuclear submarines are currently moored in ports along the Kola Peninsula. Obsolete, damaged, or banned by strategic arms reductions treaties, they have been largely abandoned after being stripped of their offensive armament. Manned by skeleton crews, these toothless sharks hold within their poorly maintained hulls a total of nearly 30 times the amount of nuclear fuel that was in Chernobyl Reactor Number Four when it exploded in 1986. Reporters and ecologists (from Russia and elsewhere) have made a connection between that disaster and one they see unfolding in Russia's northwest, depicting the submarines as "floating Chernobyl" and "a Chernobyl in slow motion." This illustrates the irony of shifting perceptions in NATO countries about how these submarines threaten them. In their Cold War glory, these vessels were meticulously watched in the West. The threat they represented was defined in terms of the throw weights of the nuclear warheads they carried aboard. A decade after the Soviet implosion, these submarines are largely ignored. The threat they now pose is measured in metric tons of the spent fuel and radioactive waste carried within their decaying hulls.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear submarines
Languages : en
Pages : 138
Book Description
After the Soviet Union's collapse, the newly independent nations that emerged from its wreckage were immediately confronted by a myriad of environmental problems, and continue to be plagued by them nearly a decade later. In a microcosm of the shortsighted planning, reckless development and lack of ecological concern that epitomized the Soviet era, 70 decommissioned nuclear submarines are currently moored in ports along the Kola Peninsula. Obsolete, damaged, or banned by strategic arms reductions treaties, they have been largely abandoned after being stripped of their offensive armament. Manned by skeleton crews, these toothless sharks hold within their poorly maintained hulls a total of nearly 30 times the amount of nuclear fuel that was in Chernobyl Reactor Number Four when it exploded in 1986. Reporters and ecologists (from Russia and elsewhere) have made a connection between that disaster and one they see unfolding in Russia's northwest, depicting the submarines as "floating Chernobyl" and "a Chernobyl in slow motion." This illustrates the irony of shifting perceptions in NATO countries about how these submarines threaten them. In their Cold War glory, these vessels were meticulously watched in the West. The threat they represented was defined in terms of the throw weights of the nuclear warheads they carried aboard. A decade after the Soviet implosion, these submarines are largely ignored. The threat they now pose is measured in metric tons of the spent fuel and radioactive waste carried within their decaying hulls.
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: George Bush, 1991
Author: Bush, George
Publisher: Best Books on
ISBN: 162376758X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 998
Book Description
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States
Publisher: Best Books on
ISBN: 162376758X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 998
Book Description
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States
The START Treaty
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Former Soviet republics
Languages : en
Pages : 932
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Former Soviet republics
Languages : en
Pages : 932
Book Description
The INF Treaty
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Europe
Languages : en
Pages : 754
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Europe
Languages : en
Pages : 754
Book Description
Arms Control and Global Security
Author: Paul R. Viotti
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 0313354316
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 620
Book Description
An essential guide offers a comprehensive collection of edited and annotated arms-control documents, dating from the late-19th century to the present day. Sometimes successful and sometimes not, arms-control agreements are strenuously negotiated by the parties involved, yet they quickly become obsolete as technology advances and new weapons come on the scene. Thus, such agreements are best understood strategically, not as ends in themselves, but rather as one essential avenue of securing national and global security—an important means of allowing countries around the world to work out their differences at the negotiating table instead of on the battlefield. Arms Control and Global Security: A Document Guide offers an unprecedented and comprehensive collection of arms-control documents dating from the late-19th century to the present. The book includes documents addressing the control of weapons of mass destruction, the banning of biological and chemical weapons, the weaponization of space, regional arms control, and bilateral agreements, as well as the limitations of conventional weaponry. The documents are edited and annotated for nonspecialists, and charts, tables, and sidebars provide additional information throughout.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 0313354316
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 620
Book Description
An essential guide offers a comprehensive collection of edited and annotated arms-control documents, dating from the late-19th century to the present day. Sometimes successful and sometimes not, arms-control agreements are strenuously negotiated by the parties involved, yet they quickly become obsolete as technology advances and new weapons come on the scene. Thus, such agreements are best understood strategically, not as ends in themselves, but rather as one essential avenue of securing national and global security—an important means of allowing countries around the world to work out their differences at the negotiating table instead of on the battlefield. Arms Control and Global Security: A Document Guide offers an unprecedented and comprehensive collection of arms-control documents dating from the late-19th century to the present. The book includes documents addressing the control of weapons of mass destruction, the banning of biological and chemical weapons, the weaponization of space, regional arms control, and bilateral agreements, as well as the limitations of conventional weaponry. The documents are edited and annotated for nonspecialists, and charts, tables, and sidebars provide additional information throughout.
Nuclear Disarmament in International Law
Author: Haralambos Athanasopulos
Publisher: McFarland
ISBN: 9780786451005
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 248
Book Description
When German physicists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman first split the uranium atom in 1938, they might have little imagined the potential power their experiments had unleashed. Since the United States successfully detonated the first atomic weapons in 1945, the entire world has lived in fear of annihilation. Technological advances in weaponry and, importantly, their delivery systems have only heightened the sense of dread. Yet, since the end of World War II, world governments have been unable to agree on a strategy for nuclear disarmament. This led first to the Cold War and ultimately to the proliferation of nuclear weapons throughout the world. This work examines the nuclear question within the framework of international law. The advent of the nuclear age and its impact on postwar peace and law is first covered. This is followed by analyses of the initial United Nations disarmament initiatives and the reasons they were doomed from the start. The globalization of the Cold War, the expansion of the nuclear arms race, and the START treaties and the legacy of 1970s-era detente efforts in the years leading up to the end of the Cold War are then detailed. How the United Nations reacted to the end of the Cold War and the prospects for disarmament in the 21st century are the subjects of the concluding section.
Publisher: McFarland
ISBN: 9780786451005
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 248
Book Description
When German physicists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman first split the uranium atom in 1938, they might have little imagined the potential power their experiments had unleashed. Since the United States successfully detonated the first atomic weapons in 1945, the entire world has lived in fear of annihilation. Technological advances in weaponry and, importantly, their delivery systems have only heightened the sense of dread. Yet, since the end of World War II, world governments have been unable to agree on a strategy for nuclear disarmament. This led first to the Cold War and ultimately to the proliferation of nuclear weapons throughout the world. This work examines the nuclear question within the framework of international law. The advent of the nuclear age and its impact on postwar peace and law is first covered. This is followed by analyses of the initial United Nations disarmament initiatives and the reasons they were doomed from the start. The globalization of the Cold War, the expansion of the nuclear arms race, and the START treaties and the legacy of 1970s-era detente efforts in the years leading up to the end of the Cold War are then detailed. How the United Nations reacted to the end of the Cold War and the prospects for disarmament in the 21st century are the subjects of the concluding section.
Space Warfare
Author: Nordin Yusof
Publisher: Penerbit UTM
ISBN: 9789835201547
Category : Astronautics, Military
Languages : en
Pages : 900
Book Description
Publisher: Penerbit UTM
ISBN: 9789835201547
Category : Astronautics, Military
Languages : en
Pages : 900
Book Description
The START Treaty: February 6, 19, 25, 27 and 28; March 3, 5, 10, 11, and 17, 1992
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : National security
Languages : en
Pages : 572
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : National security
Languages : en
Pages : 572
Book Description
Arms Control Policy
Author: Marie Isabelle Chevrier
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 1567207111
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 220
Book Description
In this work, an expert on biological weapons offers a thoughtful examination of the political and technical issues that have affected the implementation of arms control agreements from the 1960s to the present. Arms Control Policy: A Guide to the Issues examines the history of the major arms control treaties since the early 1960s. It offers readers a broad understanding of the ways in which arms control agreements were negotiated and implemented during the Cold War, the international and national events that affected treaty negotiation and implementation, and how the arms control landscape has changed in the war's aftermath. Specifically, the handbook overviews the obligations contained in bilateral U.S.-Soviet/Russian and multilateral arms control agreements covering nuclear and nonnuclear weapons. It also treats such agreements as the Biological Weapons Convention, the Chemical Weapons Convention, the Treaty to Ban Land Mines, and the Treaty to Ban Cluster Munitions. The book concludes with a look at the current challenges in the implementation of arms control agreements and the future of arms control.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 1567207111
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 220
Book Description
In this work, an expert on biological weapons offers a thoughtful examination of the political and technical issues that have affected the implementation of arms control agreements from the 1960s to the present. Arms Control Policy: A Guide to the Issues examines the history of the major arms control treaties since the early 1960s. It offers readers a broad understanding of the ways in which arms control agreements were negotiated and implemented during the Cold War, the international and national events that affected treaty negotiation and implementation, and how the arms control landscape has changed in the war's aftermath. Specifically, the handbook overviews the obligations contained in bilateral U.S.-Soviet/Russian and multilateral arms control agreements covering nuclear and nonnuclear weapons. It also treats such agreements as the Biological Weapons Convention, the Chemical Weapons Convention, the Treaty to Ban Land Mines, and the Treaty to Ban Cluster Munitions. The book concludes with a look at the current challenges in the implementation of arms control agreements and the future of arms control.
Weapons of Mass Destruction
Author: Michael Kort
Publisher: Infobase Publishing
ISBN: 1438129696
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 383
Book Description
Presents a guide to the issues of weapons of mass destruction, including definitions, primary sources, case studies, research tools, organizations, and notable persons.
Publisher: Infobase Publishing
ISBN: 1438129696
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 383
Book Description
Presents a guide to the issues of weapons of mass destruction, including definitions, primary sources, case studies, research tools, organizations, and notable persons.