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Author: Christopher Thomas Saunders Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 118
Book Description
Pamphlet on the trend towards economic integration of Western Europe, with particular reference to the extension of the EC and to various free trade agreements - covers trade policy transitions and changes in terms of trade, etc. References and statistical tables.
Author: Christopher Thomas Saunders Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 118
Book Description
Pamphlet on the trend towards economic integration of Western Europe, with particular reference to the extension of the EC and to various free trade agreements - covers trade policy transitions and changes in terms of trade, etc. References and statistical tables.
Author: Michael Curtis Publisher: ISBN: Category : European federation Languages : en Pages : 282
Book Description
Military, political and economic aspects of the movement toward integration since World War 2, analyzing over 30 major organizations such as European Economic Community, N.A.T.O., etc.
Author: Sidney Pollard Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1136618880 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 112
Book Description
Sidney Pollard has provided a concise survey of economic issues for students of the European community. Going back to 1815, he links the progress of industrialisation in Europe to the relative ease with which ideas, men and capital were able to cross national frontiers. European frontiers make little economic sense and frequently cut across vital natural links. Professor Pollard shows how open frontiers speeded progress, in the particular circumstances of the spread of industrialisation from Britain to Western Europe and then to the rest of the continent, adn opened up new markets and opportunities of learning and technology transfer. Closed frontiers and the national selfishness of economic warfare led in contrast to stagnation, hostility and at times to all-out war. This classic study was first published in 1981.
Author: Bernard M. Hoekman Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Bilateral Free Trade Agreement Languages : en Pages : 44
Book Description
Abstract: May 1999 - Preferential trade agreements that are limited to the elimination of tariffs for merchandise trade flows are of limited value at best and may be as easily welfare-reducing as welfare-enhancing. It is important that preferential trade agreements go beyond eliminating tariffs and quotas to eliminating regulatory and red tape costs and opening up service markets to foreign competition. Deep integration-explicit government actions to reduce the market-segmenting effect of domestic regulatory policies through coordination and cooperation-is becoming a major dimension of some regional integration agreements, led by the European Union. Health and safety regulations, competition laws, licensing and certification regimes, and administrative procedures such as customs clearance can affect trade (in ways analogous to nontariff barriers) even though their underlying intent may not be to discriminate against foreign suppliers of goods and services. Whether preferential trade agreements (PTAs) can be justified in a multilateral trading system depends on the extent to which formal intergovernmental agreements are technically necessary to achieve the deep integration needed to make markets more contestable. The more need for formal cooperation, the stronger the case for regional integration. Whether PTAs are justified regionally also depends on whether efforts to reduce market segmentation are applied on a nondiscriminatory basis. If innovations to reduce transaction or market access costs extend to both members and nonmembers of a PTA, regionalism as an instrument of trade and investment becomes more attractive. Using a standard competitive general equilibrium model of the Egyptian economy, Hoekman and Konan find that the static welfare impact of a deep free trade agreement is far greater than the impact that can be expected from a classic shallow agreement. Under some scenarios, welfare may increase by more than 10 percent of GDP, compared with close to zero under a shallow agreement. Given Egypt's highly diversified trading patterns, a shallow PTA with the European Union could be merely diversionary, leading to a small decline in welfare. Egypt already has duty-free access to the European Union for manufactures, so the loss in tariff revenues incurred would outweigh any new trade created. Large gains in welfare from the PTA are conditional on eliminating regulatory barriers and red tape-in which case welfare gains may be substantial: 4 to 20 percent growth in real GNP. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to analyze regional integration agreements. The authors may be contacted at bhoekman@@worldbank.org or konan@@hawaii.edu.
Author: Borko Handjiski Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 0821382667 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 162
Book Description
The countries of the Southeast Europe region have the common objective of joining the European Union (EU). To achieve this goal, these countries have pursued closer integration with the EU and with each other, including signing the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA). CEFTA aims to fully liberalize trade in the region and work toward greater cooperation in a number of trade-related areas, such as investment, services, public procurement, and intellectual property rights. This paper aims to help policy makers in Southeast Europe assess the impact of the recently introduced trade policy measures, and proposes actions that could complement these measures and help achieve greater regional trade integration. The paper considers intra-regional trade flows and the remaining nontariff barriers to trade, the benefits of allowing free movement of skilled labor in the region, and how adopting the EU's Common External Tariff could prevent trade diversion.
Author: Clemens Wurm Publisher: ISBN: Category : History Languages : en Pages : 296
Book Description
This book aims to broaden readers' understanding of the issues now facing the European Union by explaining the motivation underpinning the process of integration in Western Europe after 1945. The contributors discuss: - the part played by the Federal Republic of Germany; - the role of ideas and political movements in stimulating policy; - the economic interest of West Germany and West German business; and - the strategic aspects of Germany's policy. Also included is a German view of French and British attitudes toward a unified Europe and a discussion of the social history of integration.
Author: Christopher Thomas Saunders
Author: Christopher Thomas Saunders
Author: C. P. Saunders
Author: European Free Trade Association
Author: Hugh Corbet
Author: Michael Curtis
Author: Sidney Pollard
Author: European Free Trade Association. Washington Information Office
Author: Bernard M. Hoekman
Author: Borko Handjiski
Author: Clemens Wurm