Author: Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 9291316695
Category : Bank capital
Languages : en
Pages : 294
Book Description
From Basel II to Basel III. Would Investment Banking be preferred under Basel II?
Author: Malte ViethPublisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3656622779
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 54
Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2013 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1,7, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, language: English, abstract: In the year 2007 the first bad signs appeared which predicted that something is happening in global financial markets. An asset-bubble in the US housing market started to bust and that event had generated fatal consequences not only for the US, but also for the rest of the world. Several major peaks characterize the recent financial crisis, also named subprime crisis, such as the country default of Iceland (though subprime crisis was not the main cause) or the nationalization of the mortgage corporations Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae by the US government. Certainly, no one forgets the queues of people waiting outside the branches of the British bank Northern Rock to withdraw their savings from the bank as a result of rumors about liquidity problems of this institution. Some of the biggest Investment Banks in the world experienced serious difficulties with reference to their liquidity situation and were acquired by other banks. JPMorgan Chase bought the traditional US Investment Bank Bear Stearns and Bank of America merged with the US Investment Bank Merrill Lynch. Clearly, one of the most important events in the course of the subprime crisis was the collapse of the US Investment Bank Lehman Brothers which happened on 15th September 2008. Especially Investment Banks were hit hard by the subprime crisis and also the Investment Banking divisions of universal banks caused many issues for the whole institution. One of the main causes of the subprime crisis was identified: the Investment Banking business. The regulatory framework with reference to the banking supervisory failed in times of financial turmoil and needed to be reformed. In particular, the capital situation and liquidity profile of many banks were not adequate compared to the risks these banks were exposed to. Risks resulting from positions in the trading book (market-to-market) and risks resulting from offbalance sheet items which were not monitored by supervisory authorities needed to be emphasized. When the crisis hit, the capital requirements on the banking book were sufficiently deep to safeguard banks. The capital requirements on the trading book, however, were nowhere strong enough to absorb the losses (Dayal, 2011, p. 17). The new regulatory framework, namely Basel III, developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervisions which was finalized in 2011 focused on these risks.
International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards
Author: Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 9291316695
Category : Bank capital
Languages : en
Pages : 294
Book Description
Revisiting Risk-Weighted Assets
Author: Vanessa Le LesléPublisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1475502656
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 50
Book Description
In this paper, we provide an overview of the concerns surrounding the variations in the calculation of risk-weighted assets (RWAs) across banks and jurisdictions and how this might undermine the Basel III capital adequacy framework. We discuss the key drivers behind the differences in these calculations, drawing upon a sample of systemically important banks from Europe, North America, and Asia Pacific. We then discuss a range of policy options that could be explored to fix the actual and perceived problems with RWAs, and improve the use of risk-sensitive capital ratios.
U.S. Implementation of the Basel Capital Regulatory Framework
Author: Darryl E. GetterPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
This report summarizes the higher capital requirements for U.S. banks regulated for safety and soundness.
From Basel I to Basel III: Sequencing Implementation in Developing Economies
Author: Caio FerreiraPublisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1498320309
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 42
Book Description
Developing economies can strengthen their financial systems by implementing the main elements of global regulatory reform. But to build an effective prudential framework, they may need to adapt international standards taking into account the sophistication and size of their financial institutions, the relevance of different financial operations in their market, the granularity of information available and the capacity of their supervisors. Under a proportionate application of the Basel standards, smaller institutions with less complex business models would be subject to a simpler regulatory framework that enhances the resilience of the financial sector without generating disproportionate compliance costs. This paper provides guidance on how non-Basel Committee member countries could incorporate banks’ capital and liquidity standards into their framework. It builds on the experience gained by the authors in the course of their work in providing technical assistance on—and assessing compliance with—international standards in banking supervision.
Banking On Basel
Author: Daniel TarulloPublisher: Columbia University Press
ISBN: 0881324914
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 327
Book Description
The turmoil in financial markets that resulted from the 2007 subprime mortgage crisis in the United States indicates the need to dramatically transform regulation and supervision of financial institutions. Would these institutions have been sounder if the 2004 Revised Framework on International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards (Basel II accord)—negotiated between 1999 and 2004—had already been fully implemented? Basel II represents a dramatic change in capital regulation of large banks in the countries represented on the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision: Its internal ratings–based approaches to capital regulation will allow large banks to use their own credit risk models to set minimum capital requirements. The Basel Committee itself implicitly acknowledged in spring 2008 that the revised framework would not have been adequate to contain the risks exposed by the subprime crisis and needed strengthening. This crisis has highlighted two more basic questions about Basel II: One, is the method of capital regulation incorporated in the revised framework fundamentally misguided? Two, even if the basic Basel II approach has promise as a paradigm for domestic regulation, is the effort at extensive international harmonization of capital rules and supervisory practice useful and appropriate? This book provides the answers. It evaluates Basel II as a bank regulatory paradigm and as an international arrangement, considers some possible alternatives, and recommends significant changes in the arrangement.
How Risky Are Banks' Risk Weighted Assets? Evidence From the Financial Crisis
Author: Mr.Sonali DasPublisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1463933797
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 38
Book Description
We study how investors account for the riskiness of banks' risk-weighted assets (RWA) by examining the determinants of stock returns and market measures of risk. We find that banks with higher RWA had lower stock returns over the US and European crises. This relationship is weaker in Europe where banks can use Basel II internal risk models. For large banks, investors paid less attention to RWA and rewarded instead lower wholesale funding and better asset quality. RWA do not, in general, predict market measures of risk although there is evidence of a positive relationship before the US crisis which becomes negative afterwards.
Banks and Capital Requirements
Author: Benjamin H. CohenPublisher:
ISBN: 9789291311446
Category : Bank capital
Languages : en
Pages : 27
Book Description
Usability of Bank Capital Buffers: The Role of Market Expectations
Author: José AbadPublisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1616358939
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 61
Book Description
Following the COVID shock, supervisors encouraged banks to use capital buffers to support the recovery. However, banks have been reluctant to do so. Provided the market expects a bank to rebuild its buffers, any draw-down will open up a capital shortfall that will weigh on its share price. Therefore, a bank will only decide to use its buffers if the value creation from a larger loan book offsets the costs associated with a capital shortfall. Using market expectations, we calibrate a framework for assessing the usability of buffers. Our results suggest that the cases in which the use of buffers make economic sense are rare in practice.
Basel III and Bank-Lending: Evidence from the United States and Europe
Author: Mr.Sami Ben NaceurPublisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484328302
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 54
Book Description
Using data on commercial banks in the United States and Europe, this paper analyses the impact of the new Basel III capital and liquidity regulation on bank-lending following the 2008 financial crisis. We find that U.S. banks reinforce their risk absorption capacities when expanding their credit activities. Capital ratios have significant, negative impacts on bank-retail-and-other-lending-growth for large European banks in the context of deleveraging and the “credit crunch” in Europe over the post-2008 financial crisis period. Additionally, liquidity indicators have positive but perverse effects on bank-lending-growth, which supports the need to consider heterogeneous banks’ characteristics and behaviors when implementing new regulatory policies.