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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 9
Book Description
The Fixed-Energy Response-Function Analysis with Multiple Efficiency (FRAM) code was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory to measure the gamma-ray spectrometry of the isotopic composition of plutonium, uranium, and other actinides. They have studied and identified two different kinds of errors from FRAM analysis: random and systematic. The random errors come mainly from statistics and are easily determined. The systematic errors can come from a variety of sources and can be very difficult to determine. The authors carefully examined the FRAM analytical results of the archival plutonium data and of the data specifically acquired for this isotopic uncertainty analysis project, and found the relationship between the systematic errors and other parameters. They determined that the FRAM's systematic errors could be expressed as functions of the peak resolution and shape, region of analysis, and burnup (for plutonium) or enrichment (for uranium). All other parameters such as weight, matrix material, shape, size, container, electronics, detector, input rate, etc., contribute little to the systematic error or they contribute to the peak resolution and shape and then their contributions can be determined from the peak resolution and shape.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 9
Book Description
The Fixed-Energy Response-Function Analysis with Multiple Efficiency (FRAM) code was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory to measure the gamma-ray spectrometry of the isotopic composition of plutonium, uranium, and other actinides. They have studied and identified two different kinds of errors from FRAM analysis: random and systematic. The random errors come mainly from statistics and are easily determined. The systematic errors can come from a variety of sources and can be very difficult to determine. The authors carefully examined the FRAM analytical results of the archival plutonium data and of the data specifically acquired for this isotopic uncertainty analysis project, and found the relationship between the systematic errors and other parameters. They determined that the FRAM's systematic errors could be expressed as functions of the peak resolution and shape, region of analysis, and burnup (for plutonium) or enrichment (for uranium). All other parameters such as weight, matrix material, shape, size, container, electronics, detector, input rate, etc., contribute little to the systematic error or they contribute to the peak resolution and shape and then their contributions can be determined from the peak resolution and shape.
Author: Duc T. Vo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The Fixed-Energy Response-Function Analysis with Multiple Efficiency (FRAM) code was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory to measure the gamma-ray spectrometry of the isotopic composition of plutonium, uranium, and other actinides. Its reported uncertainties of the results come from the propagation of the statistics in the peak areas only. No systematic error components are included in the reported uncertainties. We have done several studies and found that the FRAM's statistical precision can be reasonably represented by its reported uncertainties. The FRAM's biases or systematic uncertainties can come from a variety of sources and can be difficult to determine. We carefully examined the FRAM analytical results of the archival plutonium data and of the data specifically acquired for this isotopic uncertainty analysis project and found the relationship between the bias and other parameters. We worked out the equations representing the biases of the measured isotopes from each measurement using the internal parameters in the spectrum such as peak resolution and shape, region of analysis, and burnup (for plutonium) or enrichment (for uranium).
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 9
Book Description
The Safeguards Science and Technology Group at the Los Alamos National Laboratory has accumualted a large quantity of high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector gamma-ray spectra in support of the development of the FRAM (Fixed Energy, Response Function Analysis with Multiple Efficiencies) gamma-ray isotopic analysis software. These data, acquired over a period of 15 years, represent a variety of planar and coaxial HPGe detectors, analog and digital data acquisition electronics, and represent both laboratory and facility measurements. All data are multiple measurements from samples with well-documented isotopic composition from mass spectrometry measurements. They will report the results of rigorous statistical analyses of FRAM analysis results. The presentation will discuss the errors in FRAM analyses arising from the choice of detector type and analysis energy region and document the errors arising from sample-dependent and analysis-dependent effects.
Author: Frank Vanhaecke Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527650504 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 565
Book Description
Edited by two very well-known and respected scientists in the field, this excellent practical guide is the first to cover the fundamentals and a wide range of applications, as well as showing readers how to efficiently use this increasingly important technique. From the contents: * The Isotopic Composition of the Elements * Single-Collector ICP-MS * Multi-Collector ICP-MS * Advances in Laser Ablation - Multi-Collector ICP-MS * Correction for Instrumental Mass Discrimination in Isotope Ratio Determination with Multi-Collector ICP-MS * Reference Materials in Isotopic Analysis * Quality Control in Isotope Ratio Applications * Determination of Trace Elements and Elemental Species Using Isotope Dilution ICP-MS * Geochronological Dating * Application of Multi-Collector ICP-MS to Isotopic Analysis in Cosmochemistry * Establishing the Basis for Using Stable Isotope Ratios of Metals as Paleoredox Proxies * Isotopes as Tracers of Elements Across the Geosphere-Biosphere Interface * Archaeometric Applications * Forensics Applications * Nuclear Applications * The Use of Stable Isotope Techniques for Studying Mineral and Trace Element Metabolism in Humans * Isotopic Analysis via Multi-Collector ICP-MS in Elemental Speciation A must-have for newcomers as well as established scientists seeking an overview of isotopic analysis via ICP-MS.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 28
Book Description
FRAM is the acronym for Fixed-energy Response-function Analysis with Multiple efficiency. This software was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory originally for plutonium isotopic analysis. Later, it was adapted for uranium isotopic analysis in addition to plutonium. It is a code based on a self-calibration using several gamma-ray peaks for determining the isotopic ratios. The versatile-parameter database structure governs all facets of the data analysis. User editing of the parameter sets allows great flexibility in handling data with different isotopic distributions, interfering isotopes, and different acquisition parameters such as energy calibration and detector type.
Author: Pier A. de Groot Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080533272 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1265
Book Description
(Parent with price) Volume I contains subjective reviews, specialized and novel technique descriptions by guest authors. Part 1 includes contributions on purely analytical techniques and Part 2 includes matters such as development of mass spectrometers, stability of ion sources, standards and calibration, correction procedures and experimental methods to obtain isotopic fractionation factors.Volume II will be available in 2005.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The isotopic analysis code Fixed-energy Response-function Analysis with Multiple efficiency (FRAM) employs user-editable parameter sets to analyze a broad range of sample types. This report presents new parameter files, based upon a new set of plutonium branding ratios, which give more accurate isotope results than the current parameter files that use FRAM.
Author: Tyler B. Coplen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Geochemistry Languages : en Pages : 112
Book Description
Documented variations in the isotopic compositions of some chemical elements are responsible for expanded uncertainties in the standard atomic weights published by the Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. This report summarizes reported variations in the isotopic compositions of 20 elements that are due to physical and chemical fractionation processes (not due to radioactive decay) and their effects on the standard atomic weight uncertainties. For 11 of those elements (hydrogen, lithium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, copper, and selenium), standard atomic weight uncertainties have been assigned values that are substantially larger than analytical uncertainties because of common isotope abundance variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin. For 2 elements (chromium and thallium), recently reported isotope abundance variations potentially are large enough to result in future expansion of their atomic weight uncertainties. For 7 elements (magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, palladium, and tellurium), documented isotope-abundance variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin are too small to have a significant effect on their standard atomic weight uncertainties.
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Author: Duc T. Vo
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Author: Frank Vanhaecke
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Author: Pier A. de Groot
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Author: Tyler B. Coplen
Author: Robert Clough