Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) to Study the Sources and Mobilization of Dissolved Organic Matter in Forested Catchments PDF Download

Author: Maria Paula Da Silva
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : de
Pages : 0

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Author: Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128140143
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 778

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Fundamentals and Applications of Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry is the first book to delve into the underlying principles on the topic and their linkage to industrial applications. Drs. Schmitt-Kopplin and Kanawati have brought together a team of leading experts in their respective fields to present this technique from many different perspectives, describing, at length, the pros and cons of FT-ICR and Orbitrap. Numerous examples help researchers decide which instruments to use for their particular scientific problem and which data analysis methods should be applied to get the most out of their data. Covers FT-ICR-MS and Orbitrap’s fundamentals, enhancing researcher knowledge Includes details on ion sources, data processing, chemical analysis and imaging Provides examples across the wide spectrum of applications, including omics, environmental, chemical, pharmaceutical and food analysis

Author: Bruce Asamoto
Publisher: Wiley-VCH
ISBN:
Category : Fourier transform spectroscopy
Languages : en
Pages : 326

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Author: B. Asamoto
Publisher: Wiley
ISBN: 9780471187349
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 306

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An in-depth look at many of the applications where FT-ICR mass spectrometry is implemented. Contributing authors emphasize ways in which FT-ICR provides superior information to that of other types of mass spectrometers as well as where it may be less informative than other mass spectrometers. With the information provided, analytical chemists will be capable of assessing the usefulness of FT-ICR versus other mass spectrometric methods for their particular needs. Comprehensive chapters cover the history of ICR and other techniques based on the cyclotron principles of mass analysis and offer a descriptive explanation of the theory involved in fourier transform detection and analysis. Chapters also detail features and areas of active research in instrumentation and some specifications on commercial instruments as well as the home-built American Cyanamid instrument. Application chapters cover one technique in detail and illustrate its particular area of analysis.

Author: Sydney Faye Niles
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Analytical chemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Society today is still very dependent on petroleum, the most complex naturally occurring mixture on the planet. Ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) has been employed to comprehensively characterize petroleum, because of its ability to resolve and identify hundreds of thousands of compounds in complex mixtures. However, despite advances in the chemical knowledge of fossil fuels, many questions remain unanswered regarding their behavior in the environment. Oil spills, such as Deepwater Horizon (DWH) are harmful to coastal and marine ecosystems, as well as public health, however, are inevitable in an oil-dependent world. Therefore, understanding the molecular composition of petroleum and how it transforms in the environment is crucial for the development of better clean-up methodologies. Specifically, photooxidation from sunlight has been indicated as a primary source of weathering of spilled fossil fuels. This process increases the oxygen content of hydrocarbons, which leads to an increase in its interaction with water. This can lead to the formation of emulsions, which were observed in the Gulf of Mexico after DWH and made clean-up more difficult, due to their resistance to dispersants. Extensive photooxidation of petroleum has been shown to cause dissolution in water; the production of water-soluble hydrocarbons can harm ecosystems due to their likely toxicity. Furthermore, asphaltenes, the alkane-insoluble fraction of crude oil, have high oxygen content before photooxidation, and therefore are especially important in the formation of emulsions and water-soluble species through photochemical reactions. Asphaltenes are comprised of highly aromatic structures which can undergo photooxidation and photofragmentation to produce abundant water-soluble compounds; moreover, these compounds make up a large portion of materials extensively used in the built environment, such as road asphalt and roofing tiles. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to FT-ICR MS and explains why it is crucial for analysis of petroleum. Chapter 2 discusses the identification of ketones as photooxidation products from petroleum in laboratory studies and DWH field samples; aromatic ketones are of interest due to their demonstrated toxicity in animals. In Chapter 3, the effect of sulfur-containing compounds on photochemistry of light and heavy crude oils is compared; sulfur species (e.g. sulfides) are known for their toxicity and are thus important to understanding environmental impacts in spills. Chapter 4 expands studies to determine the role of molecular structure in the formation of oil- and water-soluble photoproducts through the isolation and solar irradiation of compounds with varying numbers of aromatic rings. Chapter 5 demonstrates how advanced ion isolation methods coupled with MS/MS can provide structural information about asphaltenes from petroleum and coal, which is central to understanding the role of molecular structure in the production of water-soluble compounds. Thus, Chapter 6 covers the effect of asphaltene structure on the molecular composition of the photooxidation products. Asphaltene samples enriched with different structural motifs, island vs. archipelago, were photoirradiated. The results demonstrate that only archipelago structures contribute to the significant production of water-soluble compounds. The leachable photoproducts formed through solar irradiation of road asphalt are described in Chapter 7. Finally, it is important to highlight that petroleum photooxidation increases the concentration of interfacial material (IM). IM consists of highly oxygenated compounds that interact strongly with water and therefore contribute to emulsion formation / stability in the environment as well as refinery processes. Chapter 8 identifies emulsion-promoting compounds and investigates improved methodologies for the isolation of these species from petroleum and field samples.

Author: David Christopher Podgorski
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemistry, Analytic
Languages : en
Pages :

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ABSTRACT: Natural organic matter (NOM) exists as a highly functionalized, polydisperse and complex mixture of organic compounds derived from decaying plan and animal detritus. NOM has been characterized by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) for approximately the past 10 years. Over that time advancements in transfer optics and ICR cell technology have resulted in improvements in sensitivity, dynamic range, mass accuracy, and signal-to-noise; however, ionization techniques for NOM characterization have not improved significantly. Typically, NOM is ionized by negative ion electrospray (ESI). ESI is amenable to NOM characterization because the majority of NOM is highly polar; however, important fractions of NOM are not ionizable by ESI and are therefore remain uncharacterized at the molecular level. The work presented is devoted to novel ionization methods for two of the most under characterized fractions of NOM by FT-ICR MS. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) may be selectively ionized by positive ion atmospheric pressure photoionization. Typically, DON is not characterized by FT-ICR MS because ESI does not efficiently ionize DON relative to the C, H, and O component of NOM. Black carbon, including biochar may be ionized by desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization. Biochar has defied molecular level characterization by FT-ICR MS because, as temperature of thermal degradation increases, the solubility of char in common solvents decreases. Chapter 1 is a brief introduction to natural organic matter including a short overview of two major components of DOM that remain largely uncharacterized at the molecular level, dissolved organic nitrogen and black carbon. Chapter 2 is a brief introduction to FT-ICR MS principles and establishes why FT-ICR MS is necessary for characterization of complex mixtures such as DOM. In Chapter 3, positive ion APPI is established as a selective ionization method for DON. DON has an important role in biogeochemistry; however, it remains largely uncharacterized by FT-ICR MS due to inefficient ionization relative to dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Positive ion APPI dramatically increases S/N of DON ions compared with negative ion ESI. Extensive molecular characterization of DON may now be conducted, including tandem mass spectrometry to reveal structural information about DON ions of a single m/z. Chapter 4 and 5 are applications of positive ion FT-ICR MS for characterization of wastewater-derived DON before and after treatment by advanced oxidation processes and algal remediation, and characterization of DON treated by microbes. An important factor in the bioavailability of organic nitrogen is composition. Large, aromatic compounds that are not available to algae for uptake in the untreated sample are degraded to more labile compounds that are bioavailable. Furthermore, labile DON may be used by microbes and converted to refractory compounds. Chapter 6 focuses on biochar, an important natural product for the agricultural and fuel industries. Black carbon also represents a significant long-term sink for atmospheric carbon. Characterization of biochar is important for understanding how it interacts in the environment. Many questions are yet to be answered about how char is degraded after initial formation. To date, only the water-soluble fraction of char is characterized at the molecular level by FT-ICR MS. As the temperature of char formation increases, chars become insoluble in common solvents. In Chapter 5, the implementation of desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI) to characterize intact chars is described. DAPPI is an ambient ionization method that does not require sample preparation or separation. The elemental composition of a parent oak, oak combusted at 250 °C, and oak 400 °C are determined by DAPPI coupled to FT-ICR MS. The data show the parent material is mostly composed of lignin- and cellulose-like compounds. As the oak is thermally degraded, the compounds become more aromatic. At 400 °C the oak has lost all of its original identifiable components and is composed of mostly aromatic compounds.

Author: Brittany L. Heath
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780494856758
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Ragulan Ramanathan
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780530004860
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 290

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Abstract: Design, development, and coupling of an electrospray ionization (ESI) source with a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron (FTICR) Mass Spectrometer (MS). Developed ESI source was used for detection and characterization of small and large molecules. Dissertation Discovery Company and University of Florida are dedicated to making scholarly works more discoverable and accessible throughout the world. This dissertation, "Internal and External Source Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry" by Ragulan Ramanathan, was obtained from University of Florida and is being sold with permission from the author. A digital copy of this work may also be found in the university's institutional repository, IR@UF. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation.

Author: Konstantin Aizikov
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 240

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Abstract: Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is an emerging experimental methodology whose primary objective is the investigation of spatial variation of molecular composition within and across selected biological tissues to enable biomarker discovery, molecular diagnosis, and studies of drug metabolism, among other applications. The two major challenges, therefore, are the unambiguous identification and precise localization of biologically relevant compounds. These challenges can be recast as a problem of improving the accuracy and resolution of mass analyzers as well as the accuracy of the sample positioning robotics. The first part of this work reports on the progress and outlines the strategies of application of a recently developed high resolution spectral analysis technique, called the Filter Diagonalization Method (FDM), for the investigation of space-charge related phenomena inside the detection cell of a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometer (FT-ICR MS), understanding of which lies at the heart of the quest for further improvements in mass accuracy and resolution. The FDM spectrographic analysis revealed previously unobserved rapid isotope- beat space-charge induced ICR frequency modulations, shown to reach up to +/- 400 ppm even on high quality spectra. The application of this methodology to the investigation of a frequently observed but previously unexplained phenomenon in FT-ICR MS, the Spontaneous Loss of Coherence Catastrophe, conclusively demonstrated that it is tied directly to the space charge effect and magnetron expansion. The second part of this work reports on the development of the ionization source and vacuum compatible high precision sample positioning robotics for biological MSI applications, purpose built for FT-ICR MS. The complete design and implementation is reported herein, along with the demonstration of its performance and biological application. The XY-positioning stage capable of operating under 10 -8 mbar vacuum with submicron positioning accuracy along the entire ranges of motion of 100x100 mm was designed, built, and installed into the ionization sources of three MALDI FT-ICR MS instruments. Two dimensional chemo-spatial maps of rat brain tissue selections were constructed with 150 micron spatial resolution, identifying multiple ionic species with their distinct and discreet spatial localizations. These demonstrated performance characteristics greatly surpass current state-of-the-art robotics available for MALDI MSI and shift the effort of further improvements in spatial resolution to the ionization methodologies, and other ion source design issues, such as laser optics.

Author: Raymond E. March
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420083724
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 952

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Reflecting the substantial increase in popularity of quadrupole ion traps and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometers, Practical Aspects of Trapped Ion Mass Spectrometry, Volume IV: Theory and Instrumentation explores the historical origins of the latest advances in this expanding field. It covers new methods for trapp