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Author: Jean-Denis Lepage Publisher: McFarland ISBN: Category : History Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
"This history begins with the period from 300 BC-987 AD. Part 2 looks at the Medieval period (987-1512), the establishment of the Louvre and the Bastille, the Hundred Years' War, and the development of gunpowder and artillery. Bastioned fortifications (1512-1874) are the focus of part 3. Modern fortifications (1874-1944) are detailed in part 4"--Provided by publisher.
Author: Jean-Denis Lepage Publisher: McFarland ISBN: Category : History Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
"This history begins with the period from 300 BC-987 AD. Part 2 looks at the Medieval period (987-1512), the establishment of the Louvre and the Bastille, the Hundred Years' War, and the development of gunpowder and artillery. Bastioned fortifications (1512-1874) are the focus of part 3. Modern fortifications (1874-1944) are detailed in part 4"--Provided by publisher.
Author: Jean-Denis G.G. Lepage Publisher: McFarland ISBN: 0786458291 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 273
Book Description
As a strategically located seat of European power, Paris was a prized target for invaders. Consequently, it was one of the world's most heavily fortified cities. Though many of the fortifications have been demolished, or hidden, they have left their imprint on the city, both physically and historically. To understand the history of Paris--and indeed, of France as a whole--one must understand the history of the fortifications. This heavily illustrated history begins with the period 300 B.C. to A.D. 987. Part II looks at the Medieval era (987-1512), a growth period for the city. Bastioned fortifications (1512-1874) are the focus of Part III, covering the era in which Paris modernized its defenses. Modern fortifications (1874-1944) are detailed in Part IV, ranging from the building of the second Parisian ring of polygonal forts to the end of World War II.
Author: Jean-Denis G.G. Lepage Publisher: McFarland ISBN: 0786456981 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 301
Book Description
A man of inventiveness, versatility and reformist ideas, Marshal Sebastien Le Preste de Vauban built a formidable ring of fortresses to protect France's national frontiers. More than just a fortification designer, Vauban was also a gifted economist, author, and political strategist. This book tells the complete story of Vauban's exceptional career, placing him within the framework of Louis XIV's reign and revealing his lasting influences in France and other nations. With the aid of numerous detailed drawings, 17th century bastioned fortification, artillery, and seige warfare are described in detail. Vauban's fortifications that are still standing today are particularly highlighted.
Author: Caroline Ford Publisher: Harvard University Press ISBN: 0674968891 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 175
Book Description
Challenging the conventional wisdom that French environmentalism can be dated only to the post-1945 period, Caroline Ford argues that a broadly shared environmental consciousness emerged in France much earlier. Natural Interests unearths the distinctive features of French environmentalism, in which a large and varied cast of social actors played a role. Besides scientific advances and colonial expansion, nostalgia for a vanishing pastoral countryside and anxiety over the pressing dangers of environmental degradation were important factors in the success of this movement. Over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, war, political upheaval, and natural disasters—especially the devastating floods of 1856 and 1910 in Paris—caused growing worry over the damage wrought by deforestation, urbanization, and industrialization. The natural world took on new value for France’s urban bourgeoisie, as both a site of aesthetic longing and a destination for tourism. Not only naturalists and scientists but politicians, engineers, writers, and painters took up environmental causes. Imperialism and international dialogue were also instrumental in shaping environmental consciousness, as the unfamiliar climates of France’s overseas possessions changed perceptions of the natural world and influenced conservationist policies. By the early twentieth century, France had adopted innovative environmental legislation, created national and urban parks and nature reserves, and called for international cooperation on environmental questions.
Author: Jean-Denis Lepage
Author: Jean-Denis Lepage
Author: Jean-Denis G.G. Lepage
Author: O. Ranfft
Author: Richard Coulter Drum
Author: Jean-Denis G.G. Lepage
Author: Boston Athenaeum
Author: Caroline Ford
Author: Boston Athenaeum
Author: Boston Mass, Athenaeum, libr
Author: