Formation, Growth, and Decay of Sea Ice in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago PDF Download
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Author: Michael A. Bilello Publisher: ISBN: Category : Sea ice Languages : en Pages : 48
Book Description
Freeze-up at Alert, Eureka, Isachsen, Mould Bay, and Resolute in the Canadian Arctic was observed to occur any time between the last week in August and the last week in September. A mathematical relationship between air temperature and sea-ice formation provided a favorable method for predicting the date of freeze-up at these stations. The maximum seasonal growth of sea ice, 269 cm, was measured at Isachsen; the minimum, 149 cm, was measured at Resolute. These values are based on measurements made at the five stations in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago having a total of 35 station years of record. Equations to predict the growth of sea ice by increments were derived empirically from the observations made at these locations. A separate term is introduced in the equations to take account of the effects of snow-cover depths on ice growth. To apply the formulas only air-temperature and snow-depth data are required. The study disclosed good correlation between air temperature and decrease in sea-ice thickness at the Arctic stations. The relationship was found to be: h = 0.55 sigma theta where h = decrease in ice thickness (cm) and sigma theta = accumulated degree days (above -1.8C). (Author).
Author: Michael A. Bilello Publisher: ISBN: Category : Sea ice Languages : en Pages : 48
Book Description
Freeze-up at Alert, Eureka, Isachsen, Mould Bay, and Resolute in the Canadian Arctic was observed to occur any time between the last week in August and the last week in September. A mathematical relationship between air temperature and sea-ice formation provided a favorable method for predicting the date of freeze-up at these stations. The maximum seasonal growth of sea ice, 269 cm, was measured at Isachsen; the minimum, 149 cm, was measured at Resolute. These values are based on measurements made at the five stations in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago having a total of 35 station years of record. Equations to predict the growth of sea ice by increments were derived empirically from the observations made at these locations. A separate term is introduced in the equations to take account of the effects of snow-cover depths on ice growth. To apply the formulas only air-temperature and snow-depth data are required. The study disclosed good correlation between air temperature and decrease in sea-ice thickness at the Arctic stations. The relationship was found to be: h = 0.55 sigma theta where h = decrease in ice thickness (cm) and sigma theta = accumulated degree days (above -1.8C). (Author).
Author: Norbert Untersteiner Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1489953523 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1197
Book Description
Based on the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Air-Sea-Ice Interaction held September 28-October 10, 1981 in Acquafredda di maratea, Italy. Intent is to present the topic of sea ice in the broad and interdisciplinary context of atmospheric and oceanographic science.
Author: United States. Environmental Science Services Administration. Scientific Information and Documentation Division Publisher: ISBN: Category : Marine meteorology Languages : en Pages : 304
Author: Josefino Comiso Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387683003 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 513
Book Description
Only a few centuries ago, we knew very little about our planet Earth. The Earth was considered flat by many although it was postulated by a few like Aristotle that it is spherical based on observations that included the study of lunar eclipses. Much later, Christopher Columbus successfully sailed to the West to discover the New World and Ferdinand Magellan’s ship circumnavigated the globe to prove once and for all that the Earth is indeed a sphere. Worldwide navigation and explorations that followed made it clear that the Earth is huge and rather impossible to study solely by foot or by water. The advent of air travel made it a lot easier to do exploratory studies and enabled the mapping of the boundaries of continents and the oceans. But aircraft coverage was limited and it was not until the satellite era that full c- erage of the Earth’s surface became available. Many of the early satellites were research satellites and that meant in part the development of engineering measurement systems with no definite applications in mind. The Nimbus-5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) was a classic case in point. The sensor was built with the idea that it may be useful for meteorological research and especially rainfall studies over the oceans, but success in this area of study was very limited.
Author: Michael A. Bilello
Author: Michael A. Bilello
Author: Norbert Untersteiner
Author: 
Author: Defense Documentation Center (U.S.)
Author: Walter I. Wittmann
Author: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.)
Author: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.)
Author: United States. Environmental Science Services Administration. Scientific Information and Documentation Division
Author: World Data Center A for Glaciology
Author: Josefino Comiso