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Author: David Singman Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 34
Book Description
Investigation of the electrochemical behavior of the Ti() - TiO() and Br2 - Br( - ) couples was continued with polarization meas urements at porous flow-through electrodes. Porous carbon was found to be an effective elec trode material. Carbons with an average pore diameter of 0.001 to 0.002 in. were superior in performance to those with larger pores. In corporation of a small amount of platinum or iridium metal in the porous carbon resulted in a marked decrease in electrode polarization. Samples of porous tantalum and titanium were con siderably inferior to carbon in electrode be havior, while porous platinum gave excellent results. Complete cells were constructed and evaluated with results very close to those ex pected on the basis of single-electrode measurements. (Author).
Author: David Singman Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 34
Book Description
Investigation of the electrochemical behavior of the Ti() - TiO() and Br2 - Br( - ) couples was continued with polarization meas urements at porous flow-through electrodes. Porous carbon was found to be an effective elec trode material. Carbons with an average pore diameter of 0.001 to 0.002 in. were superior in performance to those with larger pores. In corporation of a small amount of platinum or iridium metal in the porous carbon resulted in a marked decrease in electrode polarization. Samples of porous tantalum and titanium were con siderably inferior to carbon in electrode be havior, while porous platinum gave excellent results. Complete cells were constructed and evaluated with results very close to those ex pected on the basis of single-electrode measurements. (Author).
Author: Shaurya Prakash Publisher: William Andrew ISBN: 1437744702 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 313
Book Description
To provide an interdisciplinary readership with the necessary toolkit to work with micro- and nanofluidics, this book provides basic theory, fundamentals of microfabrication, advanced fabrication methods, device characterization methods and detailed examples of applications of nanofluidics devices and systems. Case studies describing fabrication of complex micro- and nanoscale systems help the reader gain a practical understanding of developing and fabricating such systems. The resulting work covers the fundamentals, processes and applied challenges of functional engineered nanofluidic systems for a variety of different applications, including discussions of lab-on-chip, bio-related applications and emerging technologies for energy and environmental engineering. - The fundamentals of micro- and nanofluidic systems and micro- and nanofabrication techniques provide readers from a variety of academic backgrounds with the understanding required to develop new systems and applications. - Case studies introduce and illustrate state-of-the-art applications across areas, including lab-on-chip, energy and bio-based applications. - Prakash and Yeom provide readers with an essential toolkit to take micro- and nanofluidic applications out of the research lab and into commercial and laboratory applications.
Author: Charles Tai-Chieh Wan Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Porous carbon electrodes play an important role in electrochemical systems by providing electrocatalytic sites to facilitate faradaic reactions, distributing reactants and products, and conducting electrons and heat. The microstructure and surface chemistry of such electrodes are of particular relevance to redox flow batteries (RFBs), as, during operation, dissolved active species are forced through the porous media and react on its internal surfaces. RFBs hold promise for long duration energy storage due to their decoupling of energy and power, long service life, and scalability. However, contemporary RFBs are prohibitively expensive, incentivizing further cost reduction. Decreasing reactor cost by increasing power output is a promising chemistry-agnostic approach to bridging the economic gap. While commercial electrodes are functional, their properties are suboptimal for existent and emerging RFB chemistries. This thesis seeks to advance porous electrodes and electrocatalysts with property profiles tailored for RFBs through three interrelated approaches. The first section introduces non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) as a facile and versatile method to engineer interconnected porous microstructures with property sets unattainable in present-day commercial fiber-based electrodes. Combining spectroscopic characterization and fluid dynamic measurements with electrochemical evaluation with common aqueous redox couples (i.e., Fe2+[superscript /]3+, V2+[superscript /]3+, and VO2+[superscript /]VO2+), structure-function relations are developed for RFB electrodes. By tuning the synthesis protocol, the electrochemically accessible surface area, permeability, and through-plane porosity distribution can be systematically varied, offering new pathways to high-performance materials. The second section advances the interfacial engineering of electrode surfaces. A synthetic method to generate dense and planar carbon films enables opportunities to extract fundamental rate constants on bottom-up designed materials using conventional electroanalytical approaches. Next, I show that oxidative chemical vapor deposition of nanometric poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) coatings onto porous electrodes enhance electrochemical performance (i.e., Fe2+[superscript /]3+), illuminating pathways for tailorable surfaces. Finally, I show how biomass from refuse streams such as food waste and wood byproducts can be used to obtain high surface-area electrocatalysts with desired surface functionalities without post-processing, suggesting next-generation electrode materials through low-cost and sustainable feedstocks. The third section explores mathematical frameworks to quantify the effectiveness factor of high surface electrocatalysts as functions of particle and reactant properties, applying both Tafel and Butler-Volmer kinetic descriptions to reaction-diffusion processes within a porous sphere. From this analysis, I identify design principles for electrocatalyst sizing based on desired utilization efficiency and find markedly lower catalyst utilization for micron-scale porous electrocatalysts often employed to enhance aqueous RFB performance, motivating the need for hierarchical structured materials to mitigate diffusional pore-scale losses. This treatment is then integrated into a catalyst layer model for polymer electrolyte fuel cell cathodes to investigate the effect of nanoscale ohmics arising in porous-carbon-supported platinum catalysts used for oxygen reduction. While RFBs are the primary focus of this thesis, the methods and findings described are generalizable to convection-driven electrochemical reactors that benefit from engineered transport layers.
Author: Tim Zhao Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0080878873 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 312
Book Description
Today's consumers of portable electronics consumers are demanding devices not only deliver more power but also work healthy for the environment. This fact alone has lead major corporations like Intel, BIC, Duracell and Microsoft to believe that Microfuel Cells could be the next-generation power source for electronic products. Compact and readable, Microfuels Principles and Applications, offers engineers and product designers a reference unsurpassed by any other in the market. The book starts with a clear and rigorous exposition of the fundamentals engineering principles governing energy conversion for small electronic devices, followed by self-contained chapters concerning applications. The authors provide original points of view on all types of commercially available micro fuel cells types, including micro proton exchange membrane fuel cells, micro direct methanol fuel cells, micro solid oxide fuel cells and micro bio-fuel cells. The book also contains a detailed introduction to the fabrication of the components and the assembly of the system, making it a valuable reference both in terms of its application to product design and understanding micro engineering principles. - An overview of the micro fuel cell systems and applications - A detailed introduction to the fabrication of the components and the assembly of the system - Original points of view on prospects of micro fuel cells
Author: Inamuddin Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119904943 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 277
Book Description
ADVANCED REDOX FLOW TECHNOLOGY This book serves as a comprehensive guide to redox flow technologies, from their basic principles to their applications. As a result, this book provides a thorough review of craftsmanship in the subject, as well as the potential for future advances. As energy becomes a greater global concern, redox flow technology must be considered as a possibility. There is concern over energy shortages and rising air pollution, paving the way for renewable energies like solar and wind energy which have been extensively analyzed and evaluated in recent years. These renewable sources, on the other hand, are intermittent and frequently unpredictably available, resulting in low-quality output energy and a negative influence on grid stability. To date, diverse types of energy storage systems have been designed for various purposes, each with its own set of benefits and drawbacks. In recent years, redox flow technology, particularly vanadium redox flow, has progressed substantially. Experiments at various scales have been successfully carried out, proving the viability of redox flow technology in bulk energy storage applications. In addition, innovative redox flow technologies that offer more energy storage per unit mass or a more cost-effective volume of the storage device have attracted a lot of interest. This book is intended to serve as a comprehensive guide to redox flow technologies, from their basic principles to their applications. As a result, this book provides a thorough review of the craftsmanship in the subject, as well as the potential for future advances. Advanced redox flow technology has sparked interest in bulk energy storage due to its flexibility in design, safety in operation, efficient energy storage, and near-zero environmental impact. The technology has been extensively developed and tested at a range of levels in recent years, demonstrating its applicability and usage.
Author: David Singman
Author: David Singman
Author: James Arthur Trainham
Author: Hans C. Maru
Author: Shaurya Prakash
Author: Charles Tai-Chieh Wan
Author: 
Author: Der-Tau Chin
Author: Tim Zhao
Author: Tibor Erdey-Grúz
Author: Inamuddin