Flammability Assessment Methodology for Mattresses PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Flammability Assessment Methodology for Mattresses PDF full book. Access full book title Flammability Assessment Methodology for Mattresses by John R. Shields. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: John R. Shields Publisher: ISBN: Category : Mattresses Languages : en Pages : 91
Book Description
This study addresses the fire behavior of bed assemblies, including a mattress, foundation and bedclothes. The focus is on development and application of a reproducible means of simulating the thermal impact which burning bedclothes materials impose on a mattress. Twelve dtfferent sets of bedclothes were burned on top of an inert mattress to obtain data on heat release rate, flame spread rates and, to a lesser degree, heat flux to nearby objects. Six of these sets were selected for characterization of the heat flux patterns they impose on an inert mattress surface. A unique, infrared imaging technique was developed for this purpose. The results, in terms of peak heat flux, duration and area, were used to develop a pair of propane burners which impose on the side and top of a mattress heat flux patterns which mimic those imposed at a typical, fixed location by burning bedclothes. These burners were applied to a set of five mattress designs, including one typical of current residential mattresses; the four other designs included potentially less flammable design elements to permit a wide range of fire behaviors. This facilitated a broad assessment of the ability of the gas burners to predict the fire behavior of mattresses. The duration of the burner application was varied. Also, as a check on the burner-induced behavior, the same mattress designs were tested with one bedclothes combination. All of the altered designs offered some modification in fire behavior but they differed strongly in overall effect. The effects ranged from a delay in the time to reach an undiminished heat release rate peak to greatly reduced mattress involvement in the fire. The burners successfully predicted the behavior of four of the mattress designs. They failed to predict the fire behavior (with burning bedclothes) of one design since the bedclothes produced a phenomenon (internal overpressurization and seam rupture) which the burners did not produce.
Author: John R. Shields Publisher: ISBN: Category : Mattresses Languages : en Pages : 91
Book Description
This study addresses the fire behavior of bed assemblies, including a mattress, foundation and bedclothes. The focus is on development and application of a reproducible means of simulating the thermal impact which burning bedclothes materials impose on a mattress. Twelve dtfferent sets of bedclothes were burned on top of an inert mattress to obtain data on heat release rate, flame spread rates and, to a lesser degree, heat flux to nearby objects. Six of these sets were selected for characterization of the heat flux patterns they impose on an inert mattress surface. A unique, infrared imaging technique was developed for this purpose. The results, in terms of peak heat flux, duration and area, were used to develop a pair of propane burners which impose on the side and top of a mattress heat flux patterns which mimic those imposed at a typical, fixed location by burning bedclothes. These burners were applied to a set of five mattress designs, including one typical of current residential mattresses; the four other designs included potentially less flammable design elements to permit a wide range of fire behaviors. This facilitated a broad assessment of the ability of the gas burners to predict the fire behavior of mattresses. The duration of the burner application was varied. Also, as a check on the burner-induced behavior, the same mattress designs were tested with one bedclothes combination. All of the altered designs offered some modification in fire behavior but they differed strongly in overall effect. The effects ranged from a delay in the time to reach an undiminished heat release rate peak to greatly reduced mattress involvement in the fire. The burners successfully predicted the behavior of four of the mattress designs. They failed to predict the fire behavior (with burning bedclothes) of one design since the bedclothes produced a phenomenon (internal overpressurization and seam rupture) which the burners did not produce.
Author: T. J. Ohlemiller Publisher: ISBN: 9780756715564 Category : Languages : en Pages : 91
Book Description
This study addresses the fire behavior of bed assemblies, including a mattress, foundation & bedclothes. The focus is on development & application of a reproducible means of simulating the thermal impact which burning bedclothes materials impose on a mattress. Chapters include: fire behavior in bedclothes on an inert mattress; measurements of heat flux to an inert mattress; gas burner design & performance; tests of improved mattress technologies; thermal behavior of thin stainless steel foil; & summary of fire behavior of tested mattresses with gas burners & with bedclothes. Photos, charts & tables.
Author: Nist Publisher: CreateSpace ISBN: 9781496127457 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 58
Book Description
An in-depth analysis of U.S. residential fire statistics shows that although the total number of fires and deaths due to mattress fires has dropped as a result of several regulatory approaches, the number of deaths per 1000 mattress/bedding fires has increased over past 3 decades. To address the increasing number of deaths due to mattress fires, the open flame mattress flammability regulation (16 CFR 1633) was recently introduced in the U.S. The 16 CFR 1633 prescribes performance standards rather than design standards; this allows manufacturers the flexibility to meet the needs of the consumer without sacrificing fire safety. This flammability regulation for residential mattress has generated much interest in understanding the burning behavior of mattresses as well as in developing new materials for mattress construction. To comply with this regulation, it is essential to understand mattress construction, fire performance testing, factors affecting mattress flammability, and compliance solutions. This report reviews the impact of current mattress flammability standards, examines factors affecting mattress flammability, and reviews full-scale and bench-scale test methods that are being developed for mattresses. The soft materials used in the mattress set, including cushioning materials, fire blocking materials, and tickings, act both individually and collectively to affect the fire performance. The performance of fire barrier materials designed to protect the inner cushioning material from heat and flame is largely dependent on the choice of cushioning material and ticking. When used with an incompatible combination of filling material and ticking, a fire barrier may fail to protect thermal degradation and subsequent burning of filling material. Some of the challenges in designing mattresses have been identified and reported here.
Author: Richard Gann Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning ISBN: 1284252477 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 392
Book Description
Principles of Fire Behavior and Combustion, Fifth Edition with Navigate Advantage Access is the most current and accurate source of fire behavior information available to firefighters and fire science students today. Readers will develop a thorough understanding of the chemical and physical properties of flammable materials and fire, the combustion process, and the latest in suppression and extinguishment.
Author: Charles A. Wilkie Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1040035256 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 800
Book Description
The third edition of Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials provides a single source for all aspects of this highly challenging field of applied research. This authoritative book covers design and non-fire requirements that drive how these materials are fire protected. Detailed study and consideration of chemistry, physics, materials science, economic issues and fire safety science is necessary to address considerations of mechanical, thermal, environmental, and end-use requirements on top of fire protection means that the field requires. This thoroughly revised new edition continues to offer comprehensive coverage of the scientific approach for those developing fire safe materials. It covers new topics such as bio-based materials, regulatory issues, recycling, newer flame retardant chemical classes, and more details on how to flame retard materials for specific market applications. Written by a team of experts, this book covers the fundamentals of polymer burning and combustion and how to apply fire protection or flame-retardant chemistries to specific material classes and applications. The book is written for material scientists and fire safety scientists who seek to develop new fire safe materials or understand why materials burn in our modern environment. Features Connects fundamentals of material flammability to practical fire safety needs Covers current fire safety requirements and regulations affecting flame retardant selection Provides information on chemical structure-property relationships for flame retardancy Provides practical guidance on how to design fire safe materials for specific fire risk scenarios The new edition is expanded to 32 chapters and all chapters are updated and revised with the newest information
Author: T. Richard Hull Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry ISBN: 0854041494 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 456
Book Description
Globally, fire retardants are needed to satisfy a multibillion dollar market and fire retardancy of polymetric materials is an important component of fire safety. This book covers the latest developments in new fire retardancy systems for engineers needing to use fire safe materials in their projects.
Author: Morgan J. Hurley Publisher: Springer ISBN: 1493925652 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 3510
Book Description
Revised and significantly expanded, the fifth edition of this classic work offers both new and substantially updated information. As the definitive reference on fire protection engineering, this book provides thorough treatment of the current best practices in fire protection engineering and performance-based fire safety. Over 130 eminent fire engineers and researchers contributed chapters to the book, representing universities and professional organizations around the world. It remains the indispensible source for reliable coverage of fire safety engineering fundamentals, fire dynamics, hazard calculations, fire risk analysis, modeling and more. With seventeen new chapters and over 1,800 figures, the this new edition contains: Step-by-step equations that explain engineering calculations Comprehensive revision of the coverage of human behavior in fire, including several new chapters on egress system design, occupant evacuation scenarios, combustion toxicity and data for human behavior analysis Revised fundamental chapters for a stronger sense of context Added chapters on fire protection system selection and design, including selection of fire safety systems, system activation and controls and CO2 extinguishing systems Recent advances in fire resistance design Addition of new chapters on industrial fire protection, including vapor clouds, effects of thermal radiation on people, BLEVEs, dust explosions and gas and vapor explosions New chapters on fire load density, curtain walls, wildland fires and vehicle tunnels Essential reference appendices on conversion factors, thermophysical property data, fuel properties and combustion data, configuration factors and piping properties “Three-volume set; not available separately”
Author: John R. Shields
Author: John R. Shields
Author: T. J. Ohlemiller
Author: 
Author: Nist
Author: Richard Gann
Author: Frca
Author: 
Author: Charles A. Wilkie
Author: T. Richard Hull
Author: Morgan J. Hurley