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Author: George A. Alessandria Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
We review the literature that studies the dynamics of firms in foreign markets, both at the intensive and extensive margins, and their aggregate implications. We first summarize a set of micro facts on exporter entry, expansion, contraction, and exit and macro facts about the response of aggregate trade flows to trade-policy and business-cycle shocks. We then present the canonical model developed in the literature to account for these facts and discuss its connection to the empirical evidence. We show how three model features -- future uncertain profits, an investment in market access, and high depreciation of that access upon exit -- generate transition dynamics and long-run aggregate outcomes from a cut in tariffs. The model and its extensions contribute to our understanding of the dynamics of trade integration and the evolution of future trade barriers. We discuss the key challenges faced by the canonical model, possible extensions, and applications of the framework to recent global events.
Author: George A. Alessandria Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
We review the literature that studies the dynamics of firms in foreign markets, both at the intensive and extensive margins, and their aggregate implications. We first summarize a set of micro facts on exporter entry, expansion, contraction, and exit and macro facts about the response of aggregate trade flows to trade-policy and business-cycle shocks. We then present the canonical model developed in the literature to account for these facts and discuss its connection to the empirical evidence. We show how three model features -- future uncertain profits, an investment in market access, and high depreciation of that access upon exit -- generate transition dynamics and long-run aggregate outcomes from a cut in tariffs. The model and its extensions contribute to our understanding of the dynamics of trade integration and the evolution of future trade barriers. We discuss the key challenges faced by the canonical model, possible extensions, and applications of the framework to recent global events.
Author: Ariel T. Burstein Publisher: ISBN: Category : Economics Languages : en Pages : 45
Book Description
Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the transition dynamics associated with an economy's response to trade liberalization. We start by reviewing the recent literature that incorporates firm dynamics into models of international trade. We then build upon that literature to characterize the role of firm dynamics, export-market selection, firm-level innovation, and firms' expectations regarding the time path of liberalization in generating those transition dynamics following trade liberalization. These modeling ingredients generate substantial aggregate transition dynamics as they shift and shape the endogenous distribution of firms over time. Our results show how the responses of trade volumes, innovation, and aggregate output can vary greatly over time depending on those modeling ingredients. This has important consequences for many issues in international economics that rely on predictions for the effects of globalization over time on those key aggregate outcomes
Author: Ariel Burstein Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business enterprises Languages : en Pages : 38
Book Description
Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the transition dynamics associated with an economy's response to trade liberalization. We start by reviewing the recent literature that incorporates firm dynamics into models of international trade. We then build upon that literature to characterize the role of firm dynamics, export-market selection, firm-level innovation, and firms' expectations regarding the time path of liberalization in generating those transition dynamics following trade liberalization. These modeling ingredients generate substantial aggregate transition dynamics as they shift and shape the endogenous distribution of firms over time. Our results show how the responses of trade volumes, innovation, and aggregate output can vary greatly over time depending on those modeling ingredients. This has important consequences for many issues in international economics that rely on predictions for the effects of globalization over time on those key aggregate outcomes
Author: Ali Saadatnia Publisher: ISBN: 9788449056512 Category : Languages : en Pages : 68
Book Description
Esta tesis se centra en la dinámica de la firma y el comercio internacional, y la relación entre ellos. Hay gran número de documentos que ya se han reportado aumentos de la productividad del comercio o de papel de la productividad internacional en la selección y el crecimiento de la empresa. Todos ellos tratan de responder a las siguientes preguntas conocidas: "¿La productividad determinan la selección y el crecimiento de las empresas?"; Aquí, podemos agregar algunas otras preguntas: ¿Cuál es el efecto del comercio en empresas de alta tecnología y de baja tecnología? ¿Tiene la inversión en actividades de innovación tiene ningún efecto sobre la productividad? El punto es que en la mayor de las obras anteriores, el efecto del comercio sobre la productividad y la demanda ha sido desigual. Si el uso de los resultados anteriores misdirects dinámica de firmes o efecto del comercio sobre la productividad de las empresas, puede haber algunas cosas que pueden ser dirigidas por una mejor medida de la productividad y el acceso a la ESEE. El primer capítulo, aborda la estimación de la productividad a nivel de empresa y la relación entre la productividad y el valor del producto con el rendimiento de las empresas. La productividad de la empresa se descompone al componente técnico y el componente de valor del producto. Nos encontramos con que el componente de valor del producto es significativamente importante como perturbaciones a la PTF en los resultados empresariales y la rotación, sin embargo, el grado de respuesta a la producción y los precios es más largo y más grande para perturbaciones a la PTF. Nuestros resultados muestran que tanto los exportadores y las empresas multinacionales tienen valores de productividad y de productos superiores. El papel del valor del producto es, sin embargo, más importante que el acceso a los mercados extranjeros. Usando STF físicas y de ingresos para evaluar la apertura comercial sobre el desempeño de las empresas muestra que la literatura previa exagera el papel del comercio en la productividad de las empresas, y distorsiona su efecto sobre la demanda. En este capítulo también se investiga el efecto de los gastos en I + D en la productividad a nivel de empresa, y el vínculo entre las actividades de innovación en firme y la productividad. Los resultados muestran que las empresas que invierten en actividades de I + D tienen una productividad más alta en comparación con otras empresas y empresas con eficiencia técnica bajo o alto valor del producto son más propensos a emprender la innovación de productos. En el último capítulo de la tesis, un modelo de equilibrio general de dos países se estudia que aborda conjuntamente la decisión de las empresas heterogéneas para servir a los mercados extranjeros, ya sea a través de las exportaciones o la inversión extranjera directa y sus opciones tecnológicas. En equilibrio, solamente las empresas más productivas optan por servir en los mercados extranjeros y las empresas más productivas elegirán además a actualizar su tecnología. Por último, las empresas de propiedad extranjera con tecnología de bajo nivel de salida del mercado más que los que la adopción de la alta tecnología. ESEE se emplea para verificar el efecto de la apertura sobre la productividad a nivel de empresa. Los resultados muestran que la reducción de aranceles, en promedio, disminuye la IED de baja tecnología en un 4% a 6%, pero no hay ningún efecto significativo en la alta tecnología las empresas de propiedad extranjera 1990-2009.
Author: Andrew Atkeson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Equilibrium (Economics) Languages : en Pages : 47
Book Description
We present a general equilibrium model of the decisions of firms to innovate and to engage in international trade. We use the model to analyze the impact of a reduction in international trade costs on firms' process and product innovative activity. We first show analytically that if all firms export with equal intensity, then a reduction in international trade costs has no impact at all, in steady-state, on firms' investments in process innovation. We then show that if only a subset of firms export, a decline in marginal trade costs raises process innovation in exporting firms relative to that of non-exporting firms. This reallocation of process innovation reinforces existing patterns of comparative advantage, and leads to an amplified response of trade volumes and output over time. In a quantitative version of the model, we show that the increase in process innovation is largely offset by a decline in product innovation. We find that, even if process innovation is very elastic and leads to a large dynamic response of trade, output, consumption, and the firm size distribution, the dynamic welfare gains are very similar to those in a model with inelastic process innovation.
Author: OECD Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 9264286764 Category : Languages : en Pages : 154
Book Description
The Geography of Firm Dynamics provides methods and data to measure and analyse the creation and destruction of businesses across OECD regions.
Author: Andrew Atkeson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Equilibrium (Economics) Languages : en Pages : 49
Book Description
We present a general equilibrium model of the decisions of firms to innovate and to engage in international trade. We use the model to analyze the impact of a reduction in international trade costs on firms' process and product innovative activity. We first show analytically that if all firms export with equal intensity, then a reduction in international trade costs has no impact at all, in steady-state, on firms' investments in process innovation. We then show that if only a subset of firms export, a decline in marginal trade costs raises process innovation in exporting firms relative to that of non-exporting firms. This reallocation of process innovation reinforces existing patterns of comparative advantage, and leads to an amplified response of trade volumes and output over time. In a quantitative version of the model, we show that the increase in process innovation is largely offset by a decline in product innovation. We find that, even if process innovation is very elastic and leads to a large dynamic response of trade, output, consumption, and the firm size distribution, the dynamic welfare gains are very similar to those in a model with inelastic process innovation.
Author: George A. Alessandria
Author: George A. Alessandria
Author: Ariel T. Burstein
Author: Ariel Burstein
Author: Ali Saadatnia
Author: Gilbert Spiegel
Author: Andrew Atkeson
Author: OECD
Author: Alastair Warren-Codrington
Author: Andrew Atkeson
Author: Ines Buono