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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
A program on fireside corrosion is being conducted at Argonne National Laboratory to evaluate the performance of several structural alloys in the presence of mixtures of synthetic coal ash, alkali sulfates, and alkali chlorides. Candidate alloys are also exposed in a small-scale coal-fired combustor at the National Energy Technology Laboratory in Pittsburgh. Experiments in the present program, which addresses the effects of deposit chemistry, temperature, and alloy chemistry on the corrosion response of alloys, were conducted at temperatures in the range of 575-800 C for time periods up to (almost equal to)1850 h. Alloys selected for the study included HR3C, 310TaN, HR120, SAVE 25, NF709, modified 800, 347HFG, and HCM12A. In addition, 800H clad with Alloy 671 was included in several of the exposures. Data were obtained on weight change, scale thickness, internal penetration, microstructural characteristics of corrosion products, mechanical integrity, and cracking of scales. Results showed that relationship of corrosion rates to temperature followed a bell-shaped curve, with peak rates at (almost equal to)725 C, but the rate itself was dependent on the alloy chemistry. Several alloys showed acceptable rates in the sulfate-containing coal-ash environment; but NaCl in the deposit led to catastrophic corrosion at 650 and 800 C.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 5
Book Description
A program on fireside corrosion is being conducted at Argonne National Laboratory to evaluate the performance of several structural alloys in the presence of mixtures of synthetic coal ash, alkali sulfates, and alkali chlorides. Candidate alloys are also exposed in a small-scale coal-fired combustor at the National Energy Technology Laboratory in Pittsburgh. Experiments in the present program, which addresses the effects of deposit chemistry, temperature, and alloy chemistry on the corrosion response of alloys, were conducted at temperatures in the range of 575-800 C for time periods up to (almost equal to)1850 h. Alloys selected for the study included HR3C, 310TaN, HR120, SAVE 25, NF709, modified 800, 347HFG, and HCM12A. In addition, 800H clad with Alloy 671 was included in several of the exposures. Data were obtained on weight change, scale thickness, internal penetration, microstructural characteristics of corrosion products, mechanical integrity, and cracking of scales. Results showed that relationship of corrosion rates to temperature followed a bell-shaped curve, with peak rates at (almost equal to)725 C, but the rate itself was dependent on the alloy chemistry. Several alloys showed acceptable rates in the sulfate-containing coal-ash environment; but NaCl in the deposit led to catastrophic corrosion at 650 and 800 C.
Author: Adnan Syed Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Conventional power plants are major emitters of CO2 gases, which are believed to be contributing to global warming. An efficient, co-firing biomass-coal power plant with oxy-firing combustion system (running at high steam temperature and pressure), can play a vital role in CO2 emission reduction. However, these techniques will further worsen the issue of fireside corrosion of heat exchangers. An increase in fireside corrosion rates can cause short component lives and unexpected failures if not dealt with appropriately. The aim of this PhD study was to use laboratory-based testing to assess the performance of alloy materials under superheater conditions in simulated co-fired (biomass and coal) air and oxy-fired combustion. In this PhD project five different alloys were used. Synthetic deposits were also prepared to simulate superheater deposit compositions. Tests were carried out at temperatures appropriate for metal temperatures in superheaters/reheaters of future power plants. The performance of samples was determined using: mass change data, advanced microscopy techniques, x-ray diffraction and dimensional metrology. Additional tests were carried out to investigate deposit stability and the effect of high concentrations of salts. The results achieved have confirmed the hypothesis that increased fireside corrosion rates are due to the combined effect of extreme environment: high temperatures, SO2 and HCl gases, aggressive deposits. Corrosion damage follows trends that resembles 'bell-shaped' curve in both air and oxy-fired conditions. Alloy corrosion damage in novel oxy-firing compared to air-firing conditions was significantly higher at 700C. The peak of the curve shifts from 650 to 700C in oxy-fired conditions. The alloys with higher chromium content clearly showed better corrosion resistance. The work on deposit chemistry and exposure to high salt concentrations has improved the understanding of corrosion reaction mechanisms. Corrosion damage data have been used to produce basic fireside corrosion mathematical model; which can be used as a stepping stone towards further development of fireside corrosion models.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 12
Book Description
Oxy-fuel combustion is based on burning fossil fuels in a mixture of recirculated flue gas and oxygen, rather than in air. An optimized oxy-combustion power plant will have ultra-low emissions since the flue gas that results from oxy-fuel combustion consists almost entirely of CO2 and water vapor. Once the water vapor is condensed, it is relatively easy to sequester the CO2 so that it does not escape into the atmosphere. A variety of laboratory tests comparing air-firing to oxy-firing conditions, and tests examining specific simpler combinations of oxidants, were conducted at 650-700 C. Alloys studied included model Fe-Cr and Ni-Cr alloys, commercial ferritic steels, austenitic steels, and nickel base superalloys. Furthermore, the observed corrosion behavior shows accelerated corrosion even with sulfate additions that remain solid at the tested temperatures, encapsulation of ash components in outer iron oxide scales, and a differentiation between oxy-fuel combustion flue gas recirculation choices.
Author: Ramaswamy Viswanathan Publisher: ASM International ISBN: 161503126X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 620
Book Description
An October 2007 conference allowed scientists and engineers from around the world to exchange information on advanced, high-efficiency coal power plants. Papers from the conference are presented here, in sections on boilers, turbines, oxidation, creep/life management, welding, and oxy fuel. Some specific topics include materials solutions for advanced steam power plants, consideration of weld behavior in the design of high temperature components, nickel alloys for high efficiency fossil power plants, and material development and mechanical integrity analysis for advanced steam turbines. Other subjects are ferritic and austenitic grades for a new generation of steam power plants, the impact of steam-side oxidation on boiler heat-exchanger tube design, and oxy-combustion technology for utility coal-fired boilers.
Author: A. Shirzadi Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0857097555 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 519
Book Description
Current fleets of conventional and nuclear power plants face increasing hostile environmental conditions due to increasingly high temperature operation for improved capacity and efficiency, and the need for long term service. Additional challenges are presented by the requirement to cycle plants to meet peak-load operation. This book presents a comprehensive review of structural materials in conventional and nuclear energy applications. Opening chapters address operational challenges and structural alloy requirements in different types of power plants. The following sections review power plant structural alloys and methods to mitigate critical materials degradation in power plants.
Author: Sinem Cevik Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand ISBN: 1789235383 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
In recent years, superalloys have been widespread usage in aerospace gas turbine engine parts. The main reason of it is that these materials have high yield, ultimate tensile strength, and very good corrosion/oxidation resistance, and they combine these good properties with an excellent creep resistance at elevated temperatures. In spite of their outstanding properties, superalloys can lose their mechanical strength because of wear, tear, and crack formation when they are exposed to high-service temperatures and heavy working conditions. Moreover, corrosion is another important issue for superalloys because the materials of gas turbine engine parts are exposed to harsh engine environments, which consist of many pollutants and hot gases. Therefore, special attention must be given to the corrosion behavior of superalloys. This book provides information on the interaction between the microstructure of alloys and their mechanical properties and also the position of superalloys in the manufacturing industry. Topics cover the minimization of the formation of microsegregation and detrimental phases in the GTA welding of superalloys, oxidation kinetics of nickel-based superalloys used in the manufacture of rings for aircraft engines, a review of the work done over the last two decades to understand the hot corrosion behavior of superalloys used in advanced coal-based power plants, ultrasonic-assisted machining of Inconel 718, dry high-speed turning of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy, and laser welding in dentistry. The book "Superalloys for Industry Applications" consists of contributions by scientists and engineers who are experienced in the production, design, and analysis of materials from all around the world. We hope that this book will be an irreplaceable source of study for manufacturing, degradation mechanisms, and reliability of superalloys.
Author: D. Gandy and J. Shingledecker Publisher: ASM International ISBN: 1627080600 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1520
Book Description
Conference proceedings covering the latest technology developments for fossil fuel power plants, including nickel-based alloys for advanced ultrasupercritical power plants, materials for turbines, oxidation and corrosion, welding and weld performance, new alloys concepts, and creep and general topics.
Author: Exxon Research and Engineering Company. Government Research Laboratories Publisher: ISBN: Category : Combustion Languages : en Pages : 84
Book Description
Pressurized fluidized bed combustion offers a potentially efficient technique for energy production by combusting coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. This program entails the operation of the Exxon Pressurized Fluidized Bed Coal Combustion Miniplant to provide a test site for the exposure of specimens of potential fireside heat exchanger alloys and gas turbine materials. The installation and shakedown phase of this program has been completed. Heat exchanger specimen probes and turbine blade materials were exposed to pressurized fluidized bed coal combustion conditions for tests of 17 hours and 100 hours. Temperature control of the 21 heat exchanger probes was excellent, and the probe specimens showed no visible signs of attack after 117 hours of exposure. With the aid of 4 methane injection nozzles in the off gas piping, the temperature at the turbine test section was maintained at 1550°F. During the shakedown tests the flue gas flow decreased to a lower level than intended because of refractory plugs in the pressure reducing station. Temperature at the turbine test section had to be lowered during the run to maintain 9 atm pressure in the combustor. This was accomplished by ceasing methane injection and eventually lowering the combustor temperature. The airfoil-shaped turbine specimens experienced a regular pattern of fly ash deposition.
Author: M. S. Nutkis Publisher: ISBN: Category : Combustion Languages : en Pages : 84
Book Description
Pressurized fluidized bed combustion offers a potentially efficient technique for energy production by combusting coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. This program entails the operation of the Exxon Pressurized Fluidized Bed Coal Combustion Miniplant to provide a test site for the exposure of specimens of potential fireside heat exchanger alloys and gas turbine materials. The installation and shakedown phase of this program has been completed. Heat exchanger specimen probes and turbine blade materials were exposed to pressurized fluidized bed coal combustion conditions for tests of 17 hours and 100 hours. Temperature control of the 21 heat exchanger probes was excellent, and the probe specimens showed no visible signs of attack after 117 hours of exposure. With the aid of 4 methane injection nozzles in the off gas piping, the temperature at the turbine test section was maintained at 1550°F. During the shakedown tests the flue gas flow decreased to a lower level than intended because of refractory plugs in the pressure reducing station. Temperature at the turbine test section had to be lowered during the run to maintain 9 atm pressure in the combustor. This was accomplished by ceasing methane injection and eventually lowering the combustor temperature. The airfoil-shaped turbine specimens experienced a regular pattern of fly ash deposition.
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Adnan Syed
Author: 
Author: Ramaswamy Viswanathan
Author: A. Shirzadi
Author: Sinem Cevik
Author: D. Gandy and J. Shingledecker
Author: Exxon Research and Engineering Company. Government Research Laboratories
Author: Xiaoyang Gaus-Liu
Author: M. S. Nutkis