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Author: Adam Joseph Daigneault Publisher: ISBN: Category : Environmental economics Languages : en Pages : 130
Book Description
Abstract: This dissertation incorporates various estimation and modeling techniques to investigate important issues in natural resource and environmental economics. All of the empirical examples are tied to forestry, but the techniques used in this research can be applied to many issues in agricultural, environmental, and development economics. The first essay, Optimal Forest Rotations with Environmental Values and Endogenous Fire Risk, presents an economic model that solves for the optimal economic harvest problem of an even-aged stand with the risk of a forest fire and the potential for carbon sequestration benefits. The model incorporates risk-reducing management practices (thinning) that allow risk and growth to be endogenous and is solved using numerical simulation techniques. Results show that higher carbon prices increase the length of rotations regardless of the probability of fire, that there is an increase in management as the stand approaches economic maturity, and that thinning can provide economical and environmental benefits, even when there is a high probability of fire. The second essay, Estimating the Dynamic Factors of Derived Demand for Regional Softwood Stumpage Markets in the United States, uses two econometric models to differentiate between short-run and long-run responses to market fluctuations to estimate the elasticities of supply and demand for regional softwood stumpage. This approach is not common in the U.S. timber and wood production literature that often assumes a static equilibrium or instantaneous factor adjustment. Results indicate that elasticities fluctuate over time and region, and the differences between short-run and long-run measurements can be large due to the slow adjustment of capital stock. The third essay, Exchange Rates and the Competitiveness of the United States Timber Sector in a Global Economy, uses a dynamic optimization model of global timber markets to examine how different exchange rates affect global timber supply. A baseline and six alternative scenarios are constructed under the assumption that exchange rates affect the cost structure of harvesting and managing forests. Results indicate that the US forestry sector is sensitive to both strong US $ policies and to weak South American currencies, with the strong dollar policy having the largest effect on domestic supply.
Author: Adam Joseph Daigneault Publisher: ISBN: Category : Environmental economics Languages : en Pages : 130
Book Description
Abstract: This dissertation incorporates various estimation and modeling techniques to investigate important issues in natural resource and environmental economics. All of the empirical examples are tied to forestry, but the techniques used in this research can be applied to many issues in agricultural, environmental, and development economics. The first essay, Optimal Forest Rotations with Environmental Values and Endogenous Fire Risk, presents an economic model that solves for the optimal economic harvest problem of an even-aged stand with the risk of a forest fire and the potential for carbon sequestration benefits. The model incorporates risk-reducing management practices (thinning) that allow risk and growth to be endogenous and is solved using numerical simulation techniques. Results show that higher carbon prices increase the length of rotations regardless of the probability of fire, that there is an increase in management as the stand approaches economic maturity, and that thinning can provide economical and environmental benefits, even when there is a high probability of fire. The second essay, Estimating the Dynamic Factors of Derived Demand for Regional Softwood Stumpage Markets in the United States, uses two econometric models to differentiate between short-run and long-run responses to market fluctuations to estimate the elasticities of supply and demand for regional softwood stumpage. This approach is not common in the U.S. timber and wood production literature that often assumes a static equilibrium or instantaneous factor adjustment. Results indicate that elasticities fluctuate over time and region, and the differences between short-run and long-run measurements can be large due to the slow adjustment of capital stock. The third essay, Exchange Rates and the Competitiveness of the United States Timber Sector in a Global Economy, uses a dynamic optimization model of global timber markets to examine how different exchange rates affect global timber supply. A baseline and six alternative scenarios are constructed under the assumption that exchange rates affect the cost structure of harvesting and managing forests. Results indicate that the US forestry sector is sensitive to both strong US $ policies and to weak South American currencies, with the strong dollar policy having the largest effect on domestic supply.
Author: David L. Peterson Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437926665 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 60
Book Description
Timber harvest following wildfire leads to different outcomes depending on the biophysical setting of the forest, pattern of burn severity, operational aspects of tree removal, and other activities. Postfire logging adds to these effects by removing standing dead trees (snags) and disturbing the soil. The influence of postfire logging depends on the intensity of the fire, intensity of the logging operation, and mgmt. activities such as fuel treatments. Removal of snags reduces long-term fuel loads but generally results in increased amounts of fine fuels for the first few years after logging. Cavity-nesting birds, small mammals, and amphibians may be affected by harvest of standing dead and live trees, with negative effects on most species. Illustrations.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Post-fire forest management Languages : en Pages : 60
Book Description
This synthesis provides an ecological foundation for management of the diverse ecosystems and fire regimes of North America, based on scientific principles of fire interactions with vegetation, fuels, and biophysical processes. Although a large amount of scientific data on fire exists, most of those data have been collected at small spatial and temporal scales. Thus, it is challenging to develop consistent science-based plans for large spatial and temporal scales where most fire management and planning occur. Understanding the regional geographic context of fire regimes is critical for developing appropriate and sustainable management strategies and policy. The degree to which human intervention has modified fire frequency, intensity, and severity varies greatly among different ecosystems, and must be considered when planning to alter fuel loads or implement restorative treatments. Detailed discussion of six ecosystems--ponderosa pine forest (western North America), chaparral (California), boreal forest (Alaska and Canada), Great Basin sagebrush (intermountain West), pine and pine-hardwood forests (Southern Appalachian Mountains), and longleaf pine (Southeastern United States)--illustrates the complexity of fire regimes and that fire management requires a clear regional focus that recognizes where conflicts might exist between fire hazard reduction and resource needs. In some systems, such as ponderosa pine, treatments are usually compatible with both fuel reduction and resource needs, whereas in others, such as chaparral, the potential exists for conflicts that need to be closely evaluated. Managing fire regimes in a changing climate and social environment requires a strong scientific basis for developing fire management and policy. --
Author: Lindsey Wikstrom Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 100083610X Category : Architecture Languages : en Pages : 237
Book Description
If we want to continue existing on this earth, an era of renewable energy and materials is urgently needed. What role could mass timber, with its potential to replace concrete and steel, have in ensuring the planet’s survival? This book retraces wood’s passage from stewarded seed in the soil of forests, to harvested biomass, to laminated walls in a living room, through to its disassembly, pausing at each step in the supply chain of mass timber to consider the labor and economies involved, looking closely at the way wood is grown, sourced, and transported, and its impacts on the biodiversity of the forest and the health of our ecosystems. It explores why historically entrenched contexts of extractivism make such sensitive approaches difficult to cultivate across landscapes and industrial frameworks. Along the way, common assumptions about mass timber are debunked, including its fire performance, its strength, and its role in carbon sequestration. Having identified contemporary technical, cultural, and spiritual gaps preventing the transition towards a fully timber built environment, it outlines how we might move forward. A more sensitive species-based methodology is essential, with designers as choreographers of carbon, transferring and trading between forest, factory, site, and beyond. This will be an important read for anyone interested in our built environment and how to design it to be non-extractive, especially those with an interest in architecture, urbanism, forests, ecology, and timber, as well as students of architecture and design interested in the generative nature of materials and design processes.
Author: Stephen F. Arno Publisher: Island Press ISBN: 1597266035 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 249
Book Description
Shaped by fire for thousands of years, the forests of the western United States are as adapted to periodic fires as they are to the region's soils and climate. Our widespread practice of ignoring the vital role of fire is costly in both ecological and economic terms, with consequences including the decline of important fire-dependent tree and undergrowth species, increasing density and stagnation of forests, epidemics of insects and diseases, and the high potential for severe wildfires. Flames in Our Forest explains those problems and presents viable solutions to them. It explores the underlying historical and ecological reasons for the problems associated with our attempts to exclude fire and examines how some of the benefits of natural fire can be restored Chapters consider: the history of American perceptions and uses of fire in the forest how forest fires burn effects of fire on the soil, water, and air methods for uncovering the history and effects of past fires prescribed fire and fuel treatments for different zones in the landscape Flames in Our Forest presents a new picture of the role of fire in maintaining forests, describes the options available for restoring the historical effects of fires, and considers the implications of not doing so. It will help readers appreciate the importance of fire in forests and gives a nontechnical overview of the scientific knowledge and tools available for sustaining western forests by mimicking and restoring the effects of natural fire regimes.
Author: Roza Aseeva Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400774605 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 291
Book Description
This volume describes fire behavior and fire protection of timbers in outdoors and indoors application mainly in construction industry. The Authors’ novel approach considers the relationship between various species and age of timbers and its fire behavior at different thermal and fire loads. Quantitative data of ignition speed and flame propagation as well as generation of heat, smoke and toxic products are discussed. Analysis of fire resistance of various types of building materials based on timber of different species as well as the novel data on the effect of natural and accelerated aging of timbers on its fire behavior are discussed. The main practical methods of fire protection of new and ancient timber buildings and structures to increase its fire resistance are considered. The book should be useful for a wide range of readers: chemists, physicists, material scientists, architects, engineers, constructors and restorers.
Author: Daniel Spring Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
In deciding to keep or fell a forest stand given its age, the risk of loss of timber through wildfire is an important consideration. If trees also have value from sequestration of carbon, another effect of fire is the unplanned loss of stored carbon. Factors affecting the decision to keep or fell trees, and how much to spend on fire protection, are investigated using stochastic dynamic programming, using carbon sequestration in stands of mountain ash in Victoria as a case study. The effect of treating sawlogs as a permanent carbon sink after harvesting is explored.
Author: David Lindenmayer Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING ISBN: 1486304982 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 196
Book Description
Mountain Ash draws together exciting new findings on the effects of fire and on post-fire ecological dynamics following the 2009 wildfires in the Mountain Ash forests of the Central Highlands of Victoria. The book integrates data on forests, carbon, fire dynamics and other factors, building on 6 years of high-quality, multi-faceted research coupled with 25 years of pre-fire insights. Topics include: the unexpected effects of fires of varying severity on populations of large old trees and their implications for the dynamics of forest ecosystems; relationships between forest structure, condition and age and their impacts on fire severity; relationships between logging and fire severity; the unexpectedly low level of carbon stock losses from burned forests, including those burned at very high severity; impacts of fire at the site and landscape levels on arboreal marsupials; persistence of small mammals and birds on burned sites, including areas subject to high-severity fire, and its implications for understanding how species in this group exhibit post-fire recovery patterns. With spectacular images of the post-fire environment, Mountain Ash will be an important reference for scientists and students with interests in biodiversity, forests and fire.
Author: Daniel Mathews Publisher: Catapult ISBN: 1640091351 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 305
Book Description
A troubling story of the devastating and compounding effects of climate change in the Western and Rocky Mountain states, told through in–depth reportage and conversations with ecologists, professional forest managers, park service scientists, burn boss, activists, and more. Climate change manifests in many ways across North America, but few as dramatic as the attacks on our western pine forests. In Trees in Trouble, Daniel Mathews tells the urgent story of this loss, accompanying burn crews and forest ecologists as they study the myriad risk factors and refine techniques for saving this important, limited resource. Mathews transports the reader from the exquisitely aromatic haze of ponderosa and Jeffrey pine groves to the fantastic gnarls and whorls of five–thousand–year–old bristlecone pines, from genetic test nurseries where white pine seedlings are deliberately infected with their mortal enemy to the hottest megafire sites and neighborhoods leveled by fire tornadoes or ember blizzards. Scrupulously researched, Trees in Trouble not only explores the devastating ripple effects of climate change, but also introduces us to the people devoting their lives to saving our forests. Mathews also offers hope: a new approach to managing western pine forests is underway. Trees in Trouble explores how we might succeed in sustaining our forests through the challenging transition to a new environment.
Author: Cass R. Sunstein Publisher: Yale University Press ISBN: 0300273479 Category : House & Home Languages : en Pages : 297
Book Description
A radical proposal for healing the relationship between humans and forests through responsible, sustainable use of local and regional wood in home building American homes are typically made of lumber and plywood delivered by a global system of ruthless extraction, or of concrete and steel, which are even worse for the planet. Wood is often the most sustainable material for building, but we need to protect diverse forests as much as we desperately need more houses. Brian Donahue addresses this modern conundrum by documenting his experiences building a timber frame home from the wood growing on his family farm, practicing “worst first” forestry. Through the stories of the trees he used (sugar maple, black cherry, black birch, and hemlock), and some he didn’t (white pine and red oak), the book also explores the history of Americans’ relationship with their forests. Donahue provides a new interpretation of the connection between American houses and local woodlands. He delves into how this bond was broken by the rise of a market economy of industrial resource extraction and addresses the challenge of restoring a more enduring relationship. Ultimately, this book provides a blueprint and a stewardship plan for how to live more responsibly with the woods, offering a sustainable approach to both forestry and building centered on tightly connected ecological and social values.
Author: Adam Joseph Daigneault
Author: Adam Joseph Daigneault
Author: David L. Peterson
Author: 
Author: Lindsey Wikstrom
Author: Stephen F. Arno
Author: Roza Aseeva
Author: Daniel Spring
Author: David Lindenmayer
Author: Daniel Mathews
Author: Cass R. Sunstein