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Author: Robert J. Hauber Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 44
Book Description
A finite element model of a fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bridge in Hamilton County, Ohio was conducted using the computer program SAP2000. The purpose of the model was to determine the vertical deflection under a specified truck loading and to compare the analytical results from the model with load test results of the actual bridge, which spanned approximately 20 feet. The bridge superstructure was composed of eight separate panels that were assembled on site. The panels were constructed of a sandwich panel deck with integral beams spaced approximately two feet on center with the panels themselves being approximately seven and a half feet wide. The finite element model utilized shell elements to represent the different FRP components of the bridge such as the top and bottom faces of the deck along with the beam webs and flanges. The material properties input into the model for the shell elements were provided by the manufacturer. A mesh sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify an adequate discretization of the bridge without creating an excessive amount of elements in the model. Once this was accomplished, the entire bridge was then modeled with the applied loading to mimic the truck loading tests to which the actual bridge was subjected in order to assess the validity of the finite element model. The results of the model showed good agreement with the experimental results, validating the model.
Author: Robert J. Hauber Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 44
Book Description
A finite element model of a fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bridge in Hamilton County, Ohio was conducted using the computer program SAP2000. The purpose of the model was to determine the vertical deflection under a specified truck loading and to compare the analytical results from the model with load test results of the actual bridge, which spanned approximately 20 feet. The bridge superstructure was composed of eight separate panels that were assembled on site. The panels were constructed of a sandwich panel deck with integral beams spaced approximately two feet on center with the panels themselves being approximately seven and a half feet wide. The finite element model utilized shell elements to represent the different FRP components of the bridge such as the top and bottom faces of the deck along with the beam webs and flanges. The material properties input into the model for the shell elements were provided by the manufacturer. A mesh sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify an adequate discretization of the bridge without creating an excessive amount of elements in the model. Once this was accomplished, the entire bridge was then modeled with the applied loading to mimic the truck loading tests to which the actual bridge was subjected in order to assess the validity of the finite element model. The results of the model showed good agreement with the experimental results, validating the model.
Author: Michael A. Behrends Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 115
Book Description
An integrally molded fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) bridge was instrumented to monitor both the short-term load response of the bridge and long-term behavior of the FRP superstructure. The bridge consisted of eight FRP panels with beams and deck molded together. The bridge was instrumented and monitored for a period of approximately one year. A series of truckload tests were performed during this time to measure the deflections at various locations. Continuous monitoring recorded the transverse movement of the FRP panels at certain joint locations. The panels experienced more movement at colder temperatures than at warmer temperatures due to the opening and closing of the panel gaps caused by thermal expansion and contraction. A finite element model of the bridge was developed using SAP2000 and results from the model were compared to the truckload test results. The initial finite element model was revised to include the panel to panel connections. The model showed good agreement with the test data. A study of bridge response under a panel to panel connection failure was investigated using the developed finite element model. The panels along a failed joint experienced a significant change in terms of deflection responses, but the effect was largely localized to these panels. In general, there was no major change in the maximum stress in the bridge when a connection failed. Overall, experimental data and analytical results have demonstrated that the FRP bridge is behaving satisfactorily.
Author: N. Uddin Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128087765 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 43
Book Description
Abstract: The primary objective of this chapter is first to introduce and demonstrate the application of thermoplastic (woven glass reinforced polypropylene) in the design of modular fiber-reinforced bridge decks, and next the development of jackets for confining concrete columns against compression and impact loading. The design concept and manufacturing processes of the thermoplastic bridge deck composite structural system are presented by recognizing the structural demands required to support highway traffic. Then the results of the small-scale static cylinder tests and the impact tests of concrete columns are presented, demonstrating that thermoplastic reinforcement jackets act to restrain the lateral expansion of the concrete that accompanies the onset of crushing, maintaining the integrity of the core concrete, and enabling much higher compression strains (compared to CFRP composite wraps) to be sustained by the compression zone before failure occurs.
Author: R. El-Hajjar Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128087668 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 30
Book Description
Modern structural applications of composite materials are dictated by the processing methods available. In this chapter, we introduce recent developments related to the manufacturing of composites in civil engineering applications using vacuum assisted resin transfer molding, pultrusion, and automated fiber placement.
Author: Y. Kitane Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters ISBN: 0128087773 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 44
Book Description
This chapter first reviews current structural applications of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites in bridge structures, and describes advantages of FRP in bridge applications. This chapter then introduces the design of a hybrid FRP-concrete bridge superstructure, which has been developed at The University at Buffalo for the past ten years, and discusses structural performance of the superstructure based on extensive experimental and analytical studies.
Author: Kasidit Chansawat Publisher: ISBN: Category : Concrete bridges Languages : en Pages : 504
Book Description
The Horsetail Creek (HC) bridge is an example of an Oregon bridge that was classified as structurally deficient and was not designed to withstand earthquake (EQ) excitations. A fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) rehabilitation was performed on the HC bridge to increase flexural and shear capacities for traffic loads. However, a seismic retrofit has not yet been accomplished for this bridge. Fully three-dimensional finite element (FE) models are developed to simulate and examine the structural behavior of both full-size reinforced concrete (RC) beams and the HC bridge using ANSYS. FE analyses are compared with tests of full-scale beams replicating the transverse beams of the HC bridge before and after FRP strengthening from linear and nonlinear ranges up to failure. The FE models can effectively predict the behavior of the beams, and analytical and experimental results correlate very well. For the FE analyses of the HC bridge, soil-structure interface modeling is incorporated to replicate the actual bridge boundary conditions. Truck loadings are applied to the FE model at different locations, as in the actual bridge test. A sensitivity study is performed by varying uncertain bridge parameters to develop an FE bridge model best representing the actual bridge conditions. The optimal FE model obtained from the sensitivity study can accurately predict the magnitudes and trends in the strains. After an optimal FE bridge model is established, a performance evaluation on the FRP strengthening of the HC bridge is conducted. Both unstrengthened and FRP-strengthened bridge models are subjected to two different types of loading; i.e., scaled gravity and scaled truck loads to failure. Comparisons of results show the improvement in structural performance due to FRP strengthening. A seismic risk-related investigation of the HC bridge is also carried out. Nonlinear time-history analyses are performed using EQ acceleration-time histories applied to the HC bridge model. The ground motions are appropriate to the Pacific Northwest site and scaled so that the response spectrum, within natural periods of interest, matches the 1996 AASHTO design response spectrum. Based on the analytical results, colunm confinement is recommended to increase ductility and reduce potential for substructure collapse in future seismic events.
Author: Robert J. Hauber
Author: Robert J. Hauber
Author: Cheng Zhang
Author: Michael A. Behrends
Author: N. Uddin
Author: R. El-Hajjar
Author: Y. Kitane
Author: K. Chandrashekhara
Author: Stanley Onyema Oghumu
Author: Kasidit Chansawat
Author: Muhanad M. M.