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Author: International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept. Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1451952015 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 60
Book Description
This paper describes why the international community needs to act now to stand a chance of meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The paper gives example of Ethiopia, one of the poorest countries in the world, with an estimated per capita income of about US$100. According to the World Bank, recent national household surveys find 44 percent of the people in Ethiopia cannot meet basic needs. The paper discusses that Ethiopia in many ways epitomizes why the MDGs are important and why more money is needed to achieve them.
Author: International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept. Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1451952015 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 60
Book Description
This paper describes why the international community needs to act now to stand a chance of meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The paper gives example of Ethiopia, one of the poorest countries in the world, with an estimated per capita income of about US$100. According to the World Bank, recent national household surveys find 44 percent of the people in Ethiopia cannot meet basic needs. The paper discusses that Ethiopia in many ways epitomizes why the MDGs are important and why more money is needed to achieve them.
Author: Patrick J. Caragata Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461556953 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 267
Book Description
150 6. 2 Taxation, Economic Growth and Deadweight Loss 152 a. Introduction 152 b. The Tax/GOP Ratio and Economic Growth 155 The Tax Mix and Economic Growth 6. 3 177 6. 4 Taxation and Employment 181 a. Introduction 181 b. Unemployment: An DECO -Wide Problem 184 c. Current Explanations are Unsatisfactory 186 d. Objectives and Methodology 188 e. Labour Force Participation Responses to Tax Changes 188 f. Employment Growth Responses to Tax Changes 189 g. Unemployment Rate Responses to Tax Changes 190 h. Tax Mix Changes and Employment Effects 190 i. Deadweight Loss in Labour Markets 191 j. Conclusions 192 7. REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT OF THE HEALTH OF NEW ZEALAND'S TAX SYSTEM 7. 1 Introduction 195 Measuring the "Health" of the Tax System 7. 2 195 7. 3 Key Findings on the Total Tax level and Tax Mix 196 7. 4 Key Findings on the Hidden Economy and Tax Evasion 210 7. 5 Sources of Tax Evasion 214 7. 6 Tax Evasion Responses to Tax Changes 216 Trends in Corporate Tax Payments 219 7. 7 7. 8 Key Findings on Economic Growth and Employment 224 7. 9 'Best Practice' Tax Policy Frontiers and their Implications 229 Summary Scorecard: Economic, Compliance and Revenue Health of 7. 10 the Tax System in New Zealand 231 Appendices Working Papers on Monitoring the Health of the Tax System 1. 234 2.
Author: Salustiano del Campo ,Tomoko Hamada ,Giancarlo Barbiroli,Saskia Sassen, Eleonora Barbieri-Masini, Paul Nchoji Nkwi, Owen Sichone, Abubakar Momoh Publisher: EOLSS Publications ISBN: 184826366X Category : Languages : en Pages : 498
Book Description
Social and Economic Development is a component of Encyclopedia of Development and Economic Sciences in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on Social and Economic Development provides the essential aspects and a myriad of issues of great relevance to our world such as: Socioeconomic Developmental Social Work; Perspectives on Contemporary Socioeconomic Development; Sustainable Development of Natural Resource Capital; Sustainable Development Of Human Resource Capital; Intellectual And Knowledge Capital For Sustainable Development At Local, National, Regional, And Global Levels; Economic And Financial System Development Information And Knowledge; Institutional And Infrastructure System Development Information And Knowledge; Basic Principles Of Sustainable Development; Environmental Economics And Sustainable Development; Implementing Sustainable Development In A Changing World; Economic Sociology: Its History And Development; The Socioeconomics Of Agriculture; Agricultural And Rural Geography; Impact Of Global Change On Agriculture; Human Nutrition: An Overview; The Role Of Inter- And Nongovernmental Organizations; Nongovernmental Organizations; Social And Cultural Development Of Human Resources. This 8-volume set contains several chapters, each of size 5000-30000 words, with perspectives, issues on social and Economic Development. These volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.
Author: International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept. Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1451951868 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 60
Book Description
WHAT early warning signals should policymakers heed to avoid a repeat of a Mexico-type reversal of private capital flows? Experience suggests that a combination of indicators can provide powerful hints of approaching problems.
Author: Estelle James Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 30
Book Description
January 1996 A summary of recommendations in the recent World Bank report on old-age security programs, and an analysis of why the International Labour Organisation and the International Social Security Association came to different policy conclusions. In the World Bank's view, these programs should protect the old, but because such massive resources are involved, one must also consider how they affect the general economy. The current social security systems in many OECD countries were adopted before World War II, when private financial markets were underdeveloped or in disrepute. They expanded sharply in the 1950s and 1960s, when real wages and population were growing rapidly. Under those circumstances, it seemed natural to rely on a publicly managed payroll-tax-financed pay-as-you-go (PAYG) system. But in the past 40 years, real wage growth has slowed and population growth has come to a halt in OECD countries, so tax rates must go up sharply if PAYG systems are to be retained. It has become increasingly important to minimize work disincentives and to increase labor productivity through capital accumulation, which the public pillar is not well-suited to do. Shifting partial responsibility to privately managed plans that are funded and that tie benefits to contributions is likely to improve economic growth and provide better benefits than will continued reliance on a payroll-tax-financed PAYG system, concludes the World Bank. The OECD countries can shift gradually to a two-pillar system by reducing and flattening the benefits in their public pillars and using the released resources (plus some additional contributions) to build funded defined contribution accounts in a new mandatory saving pillar. If developing countries follow the path the OECD countries once followed, they will encounter dramatically escalating contribution rates, great intergenerational transfers, and related problems. Given their rapid rate of demographic aging, it is important for them to establish a multi-pillar system from the start. James argues that the World Bank position differs from those of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and International Social Security Association (ISSA) because the Bank: * Is more concerned about how social security systems affect the general economy. * Is troubled by inequities often found in current systems (in practice, if not on paper). * Believes that behavioral responses and factors of political economy sometimes make nonviable the design changes the ILO and ISSA recommend for public systems. * Values risk diversification. (Financial markets are now both better and more global than before, so multipillar systems benefit from revenue and managerial diversification, including international diversification.) This paper -- a product of the Poverty and Human Resources Division, Policy Research Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to study the economic impact of population aging and old age systems.
Author: International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
Author: International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
Author: Patrick J. Caragata
Author: Salustiano del Campo ,Tomoko Hamada ,Giancarlo Barbiroli,Saskia Sassen, Eleonora Barbieri-Masini, Paul Nchoji Nkwi, Owen Sichone, Abubakar Momoh
Author: International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
Author: 
Author: United States. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA.
Author: Robert J. Cull
Author: Estelle James
Author: 
Author: Bertrand Renaud