Ciencia, filosofía y racionalidad PDF Download

Author: Jesús Mosterín
Publisher: Editorial GEDISA
ISBN: 8497847776
Category : Philosophy
Languages : es
Pages : 310

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Book Description
Este libro, escrito con rigor, soltura y claridad, trata de la aventura de pensar y el placer de conocer; de la situación intelectual de nuestro tiempo; de la ciencia, la filosofía y la racionalidad como dimensiones humanas que a todos nos atañen; de la v

Author: Wenceslao J. Gonzalez
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319088858
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 375

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Book Description
This book develops a philosophico-methodological analysis of prediction and its role in economics. Prediction plays a key role in economics in various ways. It can be seen as a basic science, as an applied science and in the application of this science. First, it is used by economic theory in order to test the available knowledge. In this regard, prediction has been presented as the scientific test for economics as a science. Second, prediction provides a content regarding the possible future that can be used for prescription in applied economics. Thus, it can be used as a guide for economic policy, i.e., as knowledge concerning the future to be employed for the resolution of specific problems. Third, prediction also has a role in the application of this science in the public arena. This is through the decision-making of the agents — individuals or organizations — in quite different settings, both in the realm of microeconomics and macroeconomics. Within this context, the research is organized in five parts, which discuss relevant aspects of the role of prediction in economics: I) The problem of prediction as a test for a science; II) The general orientation in methodology of science and the problem of prediction as a scientific test; III) The methodological framework of social sciences and economics: Incidence for prediction as a test; IV) Epistemology and methodology of economic prediction: Rationality and empirical approaches and V) Methodological aspects of economic prediction: From description to prescription. Thus, the book is of interest for philosophers and economists as well as policy-makers seeking to ascertain the roots of their performance. The style used lends itself to a wide audience.

Author: Amanda Guillán
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319630431
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 336

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Book Description
This monograph analyzes Nicholas Rescher’s system of pragmatic idealism. It also looks at his approach to prediction in science. Coverage highlights a prominent contribution to a central topic in the philosophy and methodology of science. The author offers a full characterization of Rescher’s system of philosophy. She presents readers with a comprehensive philosophico-methodological analysis of this important work. Her research takes into account different thematic realms: semantic, logical, epistemological, methodological, ontological, axiological, and ethical. The book features three, thematic-parts: I) General Coordinates, Semantic Features and Logical Components of Scientific Prediction; II) Predictive Knowledge and Predictive Processes in Rescher’s Methodological Pragmatism; and III) From Reality to Values: Ontological Features, Axiological Elements, and Ethical Aspects of Scientific Prediction. This insightful analysis offers a critical reconstruction of Rescher’s philosophy. The system he created is often characterized as pragmatic idealism that is open to some realist elements. He is a prominent representative of contemporary pragmatism who has made a great deal of contributions to the study of this topic. This area is crucial for science and it has been little considered in the philosophy of science.

Author: Wenceslao J. González
Publisher: Netbiblo
ISBN: 9780972989220
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 234

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Book Description
The emphasis on the realm of Science, Technology and Society or Science and Technology Studies may have the same degree of relevance that the “historical turn” had in the past. It is a “social turn” which affects philosophy of science as well as philosophy of technology. It includes a new vision of the aims, processes and results of scientific activities and technological doings, because the focus of attention is on several aspects of science and technology which used to be considered as secondary, or even irrelevant. This turn highlights science and technology as social undertakings rather than intellectual contents. According to this new vision, there are several important changes as to what should be studied the objects of research, how it should be studied the method and what the consequences for those studies are. The new focus of attention can be seen in many changes, and among them are several of special interest: a) from what science and technology are in themselves (mainly, epistemic contents) to how science and technology are made (largely, social constructions); b) from the language and structure of basic science to the characteristics of applied science and the applications of science; c) from technology as a feature through which human beings control their natural surroundings (a step beyond “technics” due to the contribution of science) to technology as a social practice and an instrument of power; and d) from the role of internal values necessary for “mature science” and “innovative technology” to the role of contextual or external values (cultural, political, economic ...) of science and technology. Wenceslao J. Gonzalez is professor of logic and philosophy of science at the University of A Coruña (Spain). He has been vicedean of the School of Humanities and president of the Committee of Doctoral Programs at the University. He has been a visting researcher at the Universities of St. Andrews, Münster and London (London School of Economics), as well as Visiting fellow at the Center for Philosophy of Science, University of Pittsburgh. He has given lectures at the Universities of Pittsburgh, Stanford, Quebec and Helsinki. The conferences in which he has participated include those organized by the Universities of Uppsala, New South Wales, Bologne and Canterbury (New Zealand). He has edited 20 volumes and published 70 papers. He is the editor of the monographic issues on Philosophy and Methodology of Economics (1998) and Lakatos’s Philosophy Today (2001). His writings include “Economic Prediction and Human Activity. An Analysis of Prediction in Economics from Action Theory” (1994), “On the Theoretical Basis of Prediction in Economics” (1996), “Rationality in Economics and Scientific Predictions: A Critical Reconstruction of Bounded Rationality and its Role in Economic Predictions” (1997), “Lakatos’s Approach on Prediction and Novel Facts” (2001), “Rationality in Experimental Economics: An Analysis of R. Selten’s Approach” (2003), “From ErklärenVerstehen to PredictionUnderstanding: The Methodological Framework in Economics” (2003), and “The Many Faces of Popper’s Methodological Approach to Prediction” (2004).

Author: W. NEWTON
Publisher: Paidos Iberica Ediciones S A
ISBN: 9788475094106
Category : Philosophy
Languages : es
Pages : 309

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Book Description
En las explicaciones filosóficas tradicionales de la empresa científica se representa esta última como un paradigma de racionalidad institucional. Se da por sentado que el científico posee un método especial que aplica de modo desitneresado, con lo que genera una acumulación de conocimiento científico acerca del mundo, y se considera que lo que determina la evolución de la ciencia son las disputas racionales de los científicos, nunca factores psicológicos o sociológicos. Más recientemente, diversos filósofos, historiadores y sociólogos de la ciencia han sostenido que el modelo racional resulta ya insostenible. Algunos han afirmado que no existe en realidad nada semejante al método científico ni al progreso científico y que las teorías son inconmensurables, lo que quiere decir que no hay absolutamente ninguna posibilidad de elección entre teorías alternativas. Los no racionalistas más extremos tratan de explicar el cambio científico exclusivamente en función de factores psicológicos y sociológicos. En esta nueva, clara y penetrante exposición de la filosofía de la ciencia, W. H. Newton-Smith explora la controversia entre ambos enfoques y presenta una perspectiva independiente y de vigoroso espíritu crítico tanto de racionalistas como Poppèr y Lakatos, como de no racionalistas como Kuhn y Feyerabend. A continuación desarrolla su propia explicación de la empresa científica; el realismo moderado, que es una reivindicación del enfoque racionalista de la ciencia y de la interpretación realista de las teorías.

Author:
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9401206031
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 231

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Epistemology had to come to terms with “the social” on two different occasions. The first was represented by the dispute about the epistemological status of the “social” sciences, and in this case the already well established epistemology of the natural sciences seemed to have the right to dictate the conditions for a discipline to be a science. But the social sciences could successfully vindicate the legitimacy of their specific criteria for scientificity. More recently, the impact of social factors on the construction of our knowledge (including scientific knowledge) has reversed, in a certain sense, the old position and promoted social inquiry to the role of a criterion for evaluating the purport of cognitive (including scientific) statements. But this has undermined the traditional characteristics of objectivity and rigor that seem constitutive of science. Moreover, in order to establish the real extent to which social conditionings have an impact on scientific knowledge one must credit sociology with a sound ground of reliability, and this is not possible without a preliminary “epistemological” assessment. These are some of the topics discussed in this book, both theoretically and with reference to concrete cases.

Author: Julio Cabrera
Publisher: Editorial GEDISA
ISBN: 8497849213
Category : Performing Arts
Languages : en
Pages : 423

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Julio Cabrera aúna en este libro sus dos grandes pasiones: el cine y la filosofía. En cada capítulo de este libro Cabrera analiza una o más películas elegidas cuidadosamente para reflexionar sobre una cuestión filosófica central. Aristóteles y los ladrones de bicicletas; Bacon y Steven Spielberg; Descartes y los fotógrafos indiscretos, Schopenhauer, Buñuel y Frank Capra; Nietzsche, Clint Eastwood y los asesinos por naturaleza; o Wittgenstein y el cine mudo son algunos de los ejercicios filocinematrográficos propuestos. Los comentarios de películas que el lector encontrará destacan aquellos puntos del filme que deben contribuir a la instauración de la experiencia vivida de un problema filosófico. Esta experiencia en sí es insustituible y nadie podrá tenerla por uno. Tan sólo señalo los lugares en donde el filme duele, en donde puede aprenderse alguna cosa padeciéndolo. Estamos ante el encuentro no programado y mutuamente esclarecedor entre una actividad milenaria del ser humano y uno de los más fascinantes lenguajes emergentes de los últimos tiempos: 100 años de imágenes tratando de representar 2.500 años de reflexión

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 642

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Author: Estrella Cibreiro
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0415626943
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 252

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Carolyn Tuttle led a group that interviewed 620 women maquila workers in Nogales, Sonora, Mexico. The responses from this representative sample refute many of the hopeful predictions made by scholars before NAFTA and reveal instead that little has improved for maquila workers. The women's stories make it plain that free trade has created more low-paying jobs in sweatshops where workers are exploited. Families of maquila workers live in one- or two-room houses with no running water, no drainage, and no heat. The multinational companies who operate the maquilas consistently break Mexican labor laws by requiring women to work more than nine hours a day, six days a week, without medical benefits, while the minimum wage they pay workers is insufficient to feed their families. These findings will make a crucial contribution to debates over free trade, CAFTA-DR, and the impact of globalization. The book visits continuities and discontinuities among Spanish and Latin American women with regards to the ways in which they approach writing as a political weapon: to express ecological concerns; to denounce social injustice; to re-articulate existing paradigms, such as local versus global, violence versus pacifism, immigrant versus citizen; and to raise consciousness about racist, sexist, and other discriminatory practices. Such use of writing as an instrument of ethical and political exploration is underlined throughout the different articles in the volume as the authors emphasize pluralism, social justice, gender equality, tolerance, and political representation. This book offers readers a broad perspective on the multiple ways in which Hispanic women writers are explicitly exploring the social, political, and, economic realities of our era and integrating global perspectives and gender concerns into their writing, highlighting the unprecedented level of sociopolitical engagement practiced by 20th and 21st century Hispanic women writers.

Author: Jose Luis Ruiz
Publisher: Palibrio
ISBN: 1463338007
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 299

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Book Description
FILOSOFÍA PARA POLICÍAS Todos los y las policías del mundo, deben tener un mínimo de conocimiento no sólo jurídico, político y criminal. La filosofía es una oportunidad para conocer desde una perspectiva más humanista el trabajo policial. En este contexto, encontramos la ética policial, la filosofía de la mente y las mentes criminales, entre otras ramas del conocimiento filosófico. Conforme nos conozcamos a nosotros mismos, nos volvemos más conscientes de nuestros objetivos en nuestra vida, más responsables y comprometidos con nuestro trabajo como defensores de los Derechos Humanos y Estados de Derecho Democráticos. En este libro, encontrarás algunas de las premisas más importantes de la filosofía y su aplicación en el trabajo policial, como podría ser: El darnos cuenta de nuestras potencialidades como seres humanos, el uso eficiente de nuestra inteligencia, racionalidad, voluntad, intuición y tendencias a la superación personal. Conforme te introduces en el mundo de la filosofía, te irás sintiendo más humano, más inquieto por el conocimiento, más seguro de ti mismo, de tus objetivos de vida y lo más importante, te irás convirtiendo, cada vez más, en un oficial de la policía responsable, profesional y con alta calidad humana.