Femtosecond Optical Frequency Comb: Principle, Operation and Applications PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Femtosecond Optical Frequency Comb: Principle, Operation and Applications PDF full book. Access full book title Femtosecond Optical Frequency Comb: Principle, Operation and Applications by Jun Ye. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Jun Ye Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387237917 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 373
Book Description
Over the last few years, there has been a convergence between the fields of ultrafast science, nonlinear optics, optical frequency metrology, and precision laser spectroscopy. These fields have been developing largely independently since the birth of the laser, reaching remarkable levels of performance. On the ultrafast frontier, pulses of only a few cycles long have been produced, while in optical spectroscopy, the precision and resolution have reached one part in Although these two achievements appear to be completely disconnected, advances in nonlinear optics provided the essential link between them. The resulting convergence has enabled unprecedented advances in the control of the electric field of the pulses produced by femtosecond mode-locked lasers. The corresponding spectrum consists of a comb of sharp spectral lines with well-defined frequencies. These new techniques and capabilities are generally known as “femtosecond comb technology. ” They have had dramatic impact on the diverse fields of precision measurement and extreme nonlinear optical physics. The historical background for these developments is provided in the Foreword by two of the pioneers of laser spectroscopy, John Hall and Theodor Hänsch. Indeed the developments described in this book were foreshadowed by Hänsch’s early work in the 1970s when he used picosecond pulses to demonstrate the connection between the time and frequency domains in laser spectroscopy. This work complemented the advances in precision laser stabilization developed by Hall.
Author: Jun Ye Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387237917 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 373
Book Description
Over the last few years, there has been a convergence between the fields of ultrafast science, nonlinear optics, optical frequency metrology, and precision laser spectroscopy. These fields have been developing largely independently since the birth of the laser, reaching remarkable levels of performance. On the ultrafast frontier, pulses of only a few cycles long have been produced, while in optical spectroscopy, the precision and resolution have reached one part in Although these two achievements appear to be completely disconnected, advances in nonlinear optics provided the essential link between them. The resulting convergence has enabled unprecedented advances in the control of the electric field of the pulses produced by femtosecond mode-locked lasers. The corresponding spectrum consists of a comb of sharp spectral lines with well-defined frequencies. These new techniques and capabilities are generally known as “femtosecond comb technology. ” They have had dramatic impact on the diverse fields of precision measurement and extreme nonlinear optical physics. The historical background for these developments is provided in the Foreword by two of the pioneers of laser spectroscopy, John Hall and Theodor Hänsch. Indeed the developments described in this book were foreshadowed by Hänsch’s early work in the 1970s when he used picosecond pulses to demonstrate the connection between the time and frequency domains in laser spectroscopy. This work complemented the advances in precision laser stabilization developed by Hall.
Author: Chaitanya Suhas Joshi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 53
Book Description
The emerging field of silicon photonics allows us to develop more efficient networks that go beyond the capabilities and limitations of current electronic networks. Integrated photonic solutions in the present and in the future will allow us to keep pace with Moore's Law. Expertise in Silicon fabrication is at a very advanced level due to its use in semiconductor electronics. This expertise can be applied directly to fabricating optical devices using silicon as a medium of propagation for light. Silicon shows a high non linear optical response with high intensities. The high intensities required to see non linearity can be achieved by using waveguides etched into the silicon which confine light to a small mode area thus increasing intensity. One application for silicon waveguide devices is the development of frequency combs. A frequency comb can act as an accurate frequency standard over a very large bandwidth that can range from the visible all the way through to the Mid IR. Applications for frequency combs can be found in high precision spectroscopy, optical metrology, highly precise optical atomic clocks and so on. By the very nature of its frequency spectrum, we expect to see short pulses in the temporal domain from a frequency comb. This thesis examines the building of an autocorrelation setup that can measure these pulses to high accuracy. We explore the choice of detection scheme, the choice of setup and go on to discuss some results from the setup that was built as part of the work leading up to this date.
Author: Marina Zajnulina Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Optical frequency combs (OFC) constitute an array of phase-correlated equidistant spectral lines with nearly equal intensities over a broad spectral range. The adaptations of combs generated in mode-locked lasers proved to be highly efficient for the calibration of high-resolution (resolving power > 50000) astronomical spectrographs. The observation of different galaxy structures or the studies of the Milky Way are done using instruments in the low- and medium resolution range. To such instruments belong, for instance, the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) being developed for the Very Large Telescope (VLT) of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) and the 4-metre Multi-Object Spectroscopic Telescope (4MOST) being in development for the ESO VISTA 4.1 m Telescope. The existing adaptations of OFC from mode-locked lasers are not resolvable by these instruments. Within this work, a fibre-based approach for generation of OFC specifically in the low- and medium resolution range is studied numerically. This approach consists of three optical fibres that are fed by two equally intense continuous-wave (CW) lasers. The first fibre is a conventional single-mode fibre, the second one is a suitably pumped amplifying Erbium-doped fibre with anomalous dispersion, and the third one is a low-dispersion highly nonlinear optical fibre. The evolution of a frequency comb in this system is governed by the following processes: as the two initial CW-laser waves with different frequencies propagate through the first fibre, they generate an initial comb via a cascade of four-wave mixing processes. The frequency components of the comb are phase-correlated with the original laser lines and have a frequency spacing that is equal to the initial laser frequency separation (LFS), i.e. the difference in the laser frequencies. In the time domain, a train of pre-compressed pulses with widths of a few pico-seconds arises out of the initial bichromatic deeply-modulated cosine-wave. These pulses undergo strong compression in the subsequent amplifying Erbium-doped fibre: sub-100 fs pulses with broad OFC spectra are formed. In the following low-dispersion highly nonlinear fibre, the OFC experience a further broadening and the intensity of the comb lines are fairly equalised. This approach was mathematically modelled by means of a Generalised Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation (GNLS) that contains terms describing the nonlinear optical Kerr effect, the delayed Raman response, the pulse self-steepening, and the linear optical losses as well as the wavelength-dependent Erbium gain profile for the second fibre. The initial condition equation being a deeply-modulated cosine-wave mimics the radiation of the two initial CW lasers. The numerical studies are performed with the help of Matlab scripts that were specifically developed for the integration of the GNLS and the initial condition according to the proposed approach for the OFC generation. The scripts are based on the Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta in the Interaction Picture Method (RK4IP) in combination with the local error method. This work includes the studies and results on the length optimisation of the first and the second fibre depending on different values of the group-velocity dispersion of the first fibre. Such length optimisation studies are necessary because the OFC have the biggest possible broadband and exhibit a low level of noise exactly at the optimum lengths. Further, the optical pulse build-up in the first and the second fibre was studied by means of the numerical technique called Soliton Radiation Beat Analysis (SRBA). It was shown that a common soliton crystal state is formed in the first fibre for low laser input powers. The soliton crystal continuously dissolves into separated optical solitons as the input power increases. The pulse formation in the second fibre is critically dependent on the features of the pulses formed in the first fibre. I showed that, for low input powers, an adiabatic soliton compression delivering low-noise OFC occurs in the second fibre. At high input powers, the pulses in the first fibre have more complicated structures which leads to the pulse break-up in the second fibre with a subsequent degradation of the OFC noise performance. The pulse intensity noise studies that were performed within the framework of this thesis allow making statements about the noise performance of an OFC. They showed that the intensity noise of the whole system decreases with the increasing value of LFS.
Author: Md Imrul Kayes Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
"Since their inception, optical frequency combs have created novel avenues for numerous applications such as molecular spectroscopy, atomic clocks, coherent communications, and microwave photonics. The future of frequency combs lies in exploring different comb generation technique, customized for specific applications. This thesis explores the synthesis of novel optical frequency combs in the near infrared wavelength region and the applications of such combs in the field of high-resolution spectroscopy and precise distance measurement. First, the generation of an electro-optic frequency comb with adjustable central wavelength and frequency spacing is experimentally demonstrated. This frequency comb is sourced from a single mode Brillouin fiber laser having an ultra-narrow linewidth that improves the overall phase noise performance of the comb spectral lines. A combined effect of electro-optic modulation, dispersion compensation, and fiber nonlinearity convert the continuous wave laser into a wideband optical frequency comb encompassing the C-band. Next, this frequency comb is used for a high-resolution distance measurement system that operates from the repetition rate modulation of the comb signal. The repetition frequency of the electro-optic comb is adjustable with a high dynamic range. Such broad tunablity of the repetition rate facilitates the measurement of distances with μm level precision. Such a system is also capable of motion tracking thanks to the rapid scan rate of the repetition frequency. Next, the application of electro-optic combs in high-resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy is demonstrated by measuring absorption lines of a chemical sample at 1.55 μm. The pulse train from a frequency comb, subject to a repetition rate modulation, stores the spectral response of a sample when sent to a length imbalanced interferometer. Such a system is equivalent to a dual-comb spectrometer but without the need for a complex phase matching mechanism. Finally, a novel laser resonator is developed for high-resolution dual-comb spectroscopy at 1.9 μm. This resonator supports two counter-propagating laser oscillations sharing a common cavity which relaxes the phase matching requirement for dual-comb spectroscopy. A proof-of-concept experiment demonstrated the measurement of absorption lines of ambient water vapor with a 100 MHz resolution. This approach holds great promise for dual-comb spectroscopy in the mid-infrared region where many chemicals have strong fundamental transitions"--
Author: Hamish Randle Publisher: ISBN: Category : Microresonators (Optoelectronics) Languages : en Pages : 93
Book Description
Optical frequency combs are an exciting area of research with applications in Spectroscopy, optical sensing and telecommunications and in addition they have revolutionized the optical clock. Octave spanning frequency combs have been recently demonstrated using Microresonators. Made from a transparent material, these devices have spherical or toroidal shape and are typically between tens and hundreds of micrometers in size. The light is coupled in through a prism or fibre taper using evanescent wave coupling and circulates the cavity in highly confined whispering gallery modes. Due to the small modal cross section and long photon lifetimes there is a low threshold for nonlinear interaction. Researchers envisage these devices being used for low power microchip scale frequency comb sources in photonic devices. There has been much work on the experimental side of Microresonators, but little in the way of modelling, in particular the interesting nonlinear optical properties of these devices. This thesis describes a new method for modelling microresonator frequency combs, which reduces computational time compared to existing approaches. Two numerical simulation methods, the Newton-Raphson and split step Fourier, are chosen for their suitability to the study of steady state and dynamic regimes respectively. Simulations were performed using code written in MATLAB. We were able to simulate frequency combs with spans exceeding one octave of the spectral domain and containing over 1000 spectral modes, more than twice the number of modes than in any previously published study. The comb spectra were found to be in good agreement with experimental combs published by other researchers. Finally, some inroads were made to a numerical study of comb versatility.
Author: Sarper Ozharar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Data mining Languages : en Pages : 130
Book Description
This thesis focuses on the generation and applications of stable optical frequency combs. Optical frequency combs are defined as equally spaced optical frequencies with a fixed phase relation among themselves. The conventional source of optical frequency combs is the optical spectrum of the modelocked lasers. In this work, we investigated alternative methods for optical comb generation, such as dual sine wave phase modulation, which is more practical and cost effective compared to modelocked lasers stabilized to a reference. Incorporating these comblines, we have generated tunable RF tones using the serrodyne technique. The tuning range was "1 MHz, limited by the electronic waveform generator, and the RF carrier frequency is limited by the bandwidth of the photodetector. Similarly, using parabolic phase modulation together with time division multiplexing, RF chirp extension has been realized. Another application of the optical frequency combs studied in this thesis is real time data mining in a bit stream. A novel optoelectronic logic gate has been developed for this application and used to detect an 8 bit long target pattern. Also another approach based on orthogonal Hadamard codes have been proposed and explained in detail. Also novel intracavity modulation schemes have been investigated and applied for various applications such as a) improving rational harmonic modelocking for repetition rate multiplication and pulse to pulse amplitude equalization, b) frequency skewed pulse generation for ranging and c) intracavity active phase modulation in amplitude modulated modelocked lasers for supermode noise spur suppression and integrated jitter reduction. The thesis concludes with comments on the future work and next steps to improve some of the results presented in this work.
Author: Abhinav Kumar Vinod Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 155
Book Description
An optical frequency comb (OFC) is a light source whose spectrum comprises of several sharp, equally spaced lines. They were originally developed more than two decades ago to simplify the measurement of optical frequencies in terms of precise atomic standards. OFC technology has progressed remarkably since the first demonstration and OFCs are now the cornerstones of modern-day frequency metrology, precision spectroscopy, astronomical observations, ultrafast optics and quantum information. While the current bulk mode-locked laser frequency comb has had great success in extending the scientific frontier, its use in real-world applications beyond the laboratory setting remains an unsolved challenge due to the relatively large size, weight and power consumption. Recently microresonator-based frequency combs have emerged as a candidate solution with chip-scale implementation and scalability. Microresonator platforms for comb generation are the subject of significant research efforts, which are primarily focused into three areas - comb stabilization, control over comb state generated and evolution paths and study of the comb formation dynamics. In this dissertation we focus on each of these three different areas. First, a novel internal phase-stabilized frequency microcomb that does not require nonlinear second-third harmonic generation nor optical external frequency references is demonstrated. It is shown that the optical frequency can be stabilized by control of two internally accessible parameters: an intrinsic comb offset and the comb spacing. Second, direct electrical control of microresonator parameters is achieved by coupling the gate-tunable optical conductivity of graphene to a silicon nitride photonic microresonator, and modulating its second- and higher-order chromatic dispersions by altering the Fermi level. This is then used to produce charge-tunable primary comb lines from 2.3 terahertz to 7.2 terahertz, coherent Kerr frequency combs, controllable Cherenkov radiation and controllable soliton states, all in a single microcavity. In addition, voltage-tunable transitions between soliton crystal states with defects with defects is demonstrated and mapped via ultrafast second-harmonic optical autocorrelation. Finally, novel ultrafast spectral and temporal measurement techniques are characterized and used to directly capture snapshots of the microresonator field at resolutions of less than 1 ps. These methods are applied to study spectral energy transfer, complex breathing dynamics, collective motion in soliton ensembles and the occurrence of extreme events from a chaotic background.
Author: Jun Ye
Author: Jun Ye
Author: Jun Ye
Author: Richard A. McCracken
Author: Chaitanya Suhas Joshi
Author: 
Author: Marina Zajnulina
Author: Md Imrul Kayes
Author: Hamish Randle
Author: Sarper Ozharar
Author: Abhinav Kumar Vinod