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Author: Mateus Zucato Toledo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Methionine (Met) is one of the most studied and characterized functional amino acid with several functions such as DNA methylation, synthesis of other molecules (e.g choline, polyamines, and carnitine,), and antioxidant balance. Thus, Met is an AA of potential interest during the periparturient period for dairy cows and may improve health, and consequently lactation and reproductive performance. The main hypothesis of this dissertation was that feeding rumen-protected Met (RPM) in a total mixed ration (TMR) during the pre- and postpartum period would increase plasma Met concentrations and improve lactation, reproductive performance, and health of dairy cows. The main projects were a collaboration between University of Wisconsin-Madison and Cornell University to enroll a large number (> 400) of cows in a pen-based design. Cows fed RPM had greater lactation performance via increased milk protein yield (overall +50 g) and concentration (+0.12 percentage units), and milk fat concentration (+0.10), but other lactation response variables were unaffected. In addition, cows fed RPM in the TMR had increased plasma Met during the periparturient period (+38%) and at a later stage of lactation (+86 to 105%) consistently throughout the day, with no changes in other AA. We observed no effect on overall reproductive efficiency, nor on the incidence of clinical health disorders. However, cows fed RPM had a reduced the number of cows with subclinical hypocalcemia on the day of parturition (-38%; UW only) and tended to have a reduced number of cows culled/sold (-32%; UW and CU). An analysis of the interaction of health disorders and RPM feeding showed that RPM feeding alleviated negative impacts of health disorders on production and reproduction. For example, feeding RPM increased milk protein production (+70 g) and reduced the time to pregnancy (mean decrease of 24 d) in cows with health disorders but not in cows without health disorders. In conclusion, feeding RPM during the pre- and postpartum period increased plasma Met and milk protein production. In contrast, feeding RPM did not reduce incidence of specific health disorders, except subclinical hypocalcemia, and did not produce any overall improvement in reproductive performance. Nevertheless, the results from these studies provided evidence to support a novel hypothesis that additional metabolizable Met, provides positive effects on production and reproduction but only in cows with health disorders and not in cows without health disorders. Since this concept was discovered during exploratory analysis of our results, important biological and practical implications and needs to be considered and thoroughly tested in future research on Met in reproduction.
Author: Mateus Zucato Toledo Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Methionine (Met) is one of the most studied and characterized functional amino acid with several functions such as DNA methylation, synthesis of other molecules (e.g choline, polyamines, and carnitine,), and antioxidant balance. Thus, Met is an AA of potential interest during the periparturient period for dairy cows and may improve health, and consequently lactation and reproductive performance. The main hypothesis of this dissertation was that feeding rumen-protected Met (RPM) in a total mixed ration (TMR) during the pre- and postpartum period would increase plasma Met concentrations and improve lactation, reproductive performance, and health of dairy cows. The main projects were a collaboration between University of Wisconsin-Madison and Cornell University to enroll a large number (> 400) of cows in a pen-based design. Cows fed RPM had greater lactation performance via increased milk protein yield (overall +50 g) and concentration (+0.12 percentage units), and milk fat concentration (+0.10), but other lactation response variables were unaffected. In addition, cows fed RPM in the TMR had increased plasma Met during the periparturient period (+38%) and at a later stage of lactation (+86 to 105%) consistently throughout the day, with no changes in other AA. We observed no effect on overall reproductive efficiency, nor on the incidence of clinical health disorders. However, cows fed RPM had a reduced the number of cows with subclinical hypocalcemia on the day of parturition (-38%; UW only) and tended to have a reduced number of cows culled/sold (-32%; UW and CU). An analysis of the interaction of health disorders and RPM feeding showed that RPM feeding alleviated negative impacts of health disorders on production and reproduction. For example, feeding RPM increased milk protein production (+70 g) and reduced the time to pregnancy (mean decrease of 24 d) in cows with health disorders but not in cows without health disorders. In conclusion, feeding RPM during the pre- and postpartum period increased plasma Met and milk protein production. In contrast, feeding RPM did not reduce incidence of specific health disorders, except subclinical hypocalcemia, and did not produce any overall improvement in reproductive performance. Nevertheless, the results from these studies provided evidence to support a novel hypothesis that additional metabolizable Met, provides positive effects on production and reproduction but only in cows with health disorders and not in cows without health disorders. Since this concept was discovered during exploratory analysis of our results, important biological and practical implications and needs to be considered and thoroughly tested in future research on Met in reproduction.
Author: R. John Wallace Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527615342 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 368
Book Description
With the dramatically rising sophistication of biological methods and products and the increasing use of recombinant DNA technology, now is an apt time to review the status of biotechnology in animal feeding. This book gives succinct yet comprehensive coverage of products of biotechnology and allied sciences used in animal feed and feeding industries. Particular emphasis is placed on: - Conservation and upgrading of feeds and feed components - Increasing the protein value of feeds - Antimicrobials - Microbial feed additives - Increasing the energy value of feeds. Moreover, increasing environmental concerns are reflected in chapters describing dietary products which may help to reduce environmental hazards from animal feeding enterprises. A discussion of social and legislative aspects relating to biotechnology and animal feeding rounds off this useful compilation of timely articles.
Author: Richard M. Hopper Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118470850 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 2206
Book Description
Bovine Reproduction is a comprehensive, current reference providing information on all aspects of reproduction in the bull and cow. Offering fundamental knowledge on evaluating and restoring fertility in the bovine patient, the book also places information in the context of herd health where appropriate for a truly global view of bovine theriogenology. Printed in full color throughout, the book includes 83 chapters and more than 550 images, making it the most exhaustive reference available on this topic. Each section covers anatomy and physiology, breeding management, and reproductive surgery, as well as obstetrics and pregnancy wastage in the cow. Bovine Reproduction is a welcome resource for bovine practitioners, theriogenologists, and animal scientists, as well as veterinary students and residents with an interest in the cow.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309069971 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 406
Book Description
This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions. The book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive "Help" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. The committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs.
Author: W. Haresign Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 148310026X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 200
Book Description
Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition-1981 is a collection of papers that discusses the effects of dietary fat on milk composition, relating it to the biochemistry of fat synthesis in the mammary gland. The influence of concentrates on milk composition as well as the pattern and level of concentrate feeding on milk output are also covered. The book describes the need for better utilization of grass and grass products in dairy production, the mineral and trace element requirements of pigs; the importance of anion-cation balance in poultry diets and its effects on performance levels; and the selenium and cobalt requirements of ruminants. The problems of medicinal residues in animal products and the toxicological effects of aflatoxin residues in animal products are also considered. People involved in agriculture, dairy production and animal nutrition will find the book useful.
Author: Robert Jarrige Publisher: John Libbey Eurotext ISBN: 9780861962471 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
Deals with feed evaluation systems, the nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock and the feeding value of a wide range of feedstuffs. This book lists about 800 typical forages, 65 crop residues and 120 concentrate and by-product feeds. It is suitable for teachers, specialist scientists and industrialists.
Author: Alfonso Pompella Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889195953 Category : Pharmacology Languages : en Pages : 144
Book Description
Glutathione (GSH) has been described for a long time just as a defensive reagent against the action of toxic xenobiotics (drugs, pollutants, carcinogens), both directly and as a cofactor for GSH transferases. As a prototype antioxidant, it has been involved in cell protection from the noxious effect of excess oxidant stress, both directly and as a cofactor of glutathione peroxidases. In addition, it has long been known that GSH is capable of forming disulfide bonds with cysteine residues of proteins, and the relevance of this mechanism ("S-glutathionylation") in regulation of protein function has been well documented in a number of research fields. Rather paradoxically, it has also been highlighted that GSH—and notably its catabolites, as originated by metabolism by gamma-glutamyltransferase—can promote oxidative processes, by participating in metal ion-mediated reactions eventually leading to formation of reactive oxygen species and free radicals. Also, a fundamental role of GSH has been recognized in the storage and transport of nitric oxide (NO), in the form of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). The significance of GSH as a major factor in regulation of cell life, proliferation, and death, can be regarded as the integrated result of all these roles, as well as of more which are emerging in diverse fields of biology and pathophysiology. Against this background, modulation of GSH levels and GSH-related enzyme activities represents a fertile field for experimental pharmacology in numerous and diverse perspectives of animal, plant and microbiologic research. This research topic includes 14 articles, i.e. 4 Opinion Articles, 6 Reviews, and 4 Original Research Articles. The contributions by several distinguished research groups, each from his own standpoint of competence and expertise, provide a comprehensive and updated view over the diverse roles, the changing faces of GSH and GSH-related enzymes in cell’s health, disease and death.
Author: Nada Ben Abdallah Publisher: ISBN: 9781773612478 Category : Animal health Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Dairy farming is one of the fastest growing and developing subsectors in the agricultural industry. There has been unprecedented growth in milk production attributed by proper genetic selection, breeding, housing, and feeding programs in this subsector. Dairy farming for milk production has been the primary business for many people in different places around the world. Milk has also been and still is a key animal product in most diets consumed worldwide. With various advancements achieved in preservation of techniques for dairy products, preference of consumers for milk and milk products are higher than ever. Basic information on the technology and science used in production and processing this crucial food commodity is significant to the work of academia, governments, and industry.Several good and professionally prepared reference books are available, but the preference for any specific book greatly depends on the needs for the reader. Most of the dairy farming reference books are single-volume books, and others only cover general topics whereas other books cover specific dairy farming topics. This book has been prepared to offer essential information about basic principles involved in milk production, nutritional requirement for dairy cattle, basic management practices involved in dairy farming and health conditions that affect dairy cows in milk production to all those student taking dairy farming management courses, veterinary professionals, teachers, dairy management staffs, and even various governmental staffs involved in agricultural sectors. The general science and various production practices presently in use in dairy industry have been characterised and well described so that the reader can acquire insights into the industry. The book has been divided into four sections. Section one deal with general information and principles on dairy farming and it consist of only one chapter. Section two deals with background information on nutrition requirements in milk production and consists of four chapters. Section three deals with general management practices involved in dairy farming for maximum milk production and consist of four chapters. Lastly, section four dealing with dairy farming health problems consists of one chapter. More emphases have been put in nutrition and management practices of dairy cow because these are the two key areas where most breeders and producer focus on in order to enhance milk production. Specific areas tailored towards minimizing production costs and maximizing overall production have also received much of the attention, specifically on the second, third and fourth section of the book
Author: Mateus Zucato Toledo
Author: Mateus Zucato Toledo
Author: R. John Wallace
Author: Richard M. Hopper
Author: National Research Council
Author: Mateus Zucato Toledo
Author: W. Haresign
Author: Robert Jarrige
Author: Alfonso Pompella
Author: Nada Ben Abdallah
Author: Nader Rifai