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Author: L. Katz Publisher: ISBN: Category : Boiler codes Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
Fatigue crack growth experiments were conducted on low alloy steel submerged arc weld metals representative of those used in the fabrication of pressure vessels. Variations of wire composition, flux type, and postweld heat treatments were used to produce weld deposits of different microstructures and tensile and toughness properties. Fatigue crack growth experiments were conducted on 25.4-mm (1-in.) thick modified wedge opening loaded (WOL) specimens at room temperature and 288 °C (550°F). A compliance calibration curve was developed at room temperature and adjusted for use with elevated temperature compliance measurements. Results of these experiments indicate: (a) a slight effect of flux type on crack growth rates, (b) incomplete tempering or relief of residual welding stress, or both, has an appreciable effect on crack growth behavior, (c) comparable or lower crack growth rates at 288°C (550°F) compared to room temperature, (d) comparable or lower crack growth rates than those predicted in Section XI of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, and (e) variations in crack growth rates due to wire, flux, and postweld heat treatment were less pronounced than the variations in toughness and tensile properties.
Author: L. Katz Publisher: ISBN: Category : Boiler codes Languages : en Pages : 24
Book Description
Fatigue crack growth experiments were conducted on low alloy steel submerged arc weld metals representative of those used in the fabrication of pressure vessels. Variations of wire composition, flux type, and postweld heat treatments were used to produce weld deposits of different microstructures and tensile and toughness properties. Fatigue crack growth experiments were conducted on 25.4-mm (1-in.) thick modified wedge opening loaded (WOL) specimens at room temperature and 288 °C (550°F). A compliance calibration curve was developed at room temperature and adjusted for use with elevated temperature compliance measurements. Results of these experiments indicate: (a) a slight effect of flux type on crack growth rates, (b) incomplete tempering or relief of residual welding stress, or both, has an appreciable effect on crack growth behavior, (c) comparable or lower crack growth rates at 288°C (550°F) compared to room temperature, (d) comparable or lower crack growth rates than those predicted in Section XI of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, and (e) variations in crack growth rates due to wire, flux, and postweld heat treatment were less pronounced than the variations in toughness and tensile properties.
Author: Harry I. McHenry Publisher: ASTM International ISBN: 0803112777 Category : Welded joints Languages : en Pages : 310
Book Description
Fifteen papers from a symposium held in Sparks, Nev., April 1988. They cover: low and high cycle fatigue, fatigue crack growth, corrosion fatigue, fracture toughness testing, and wide-plate testing. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.
Author: W. H. Cullen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Fractography Languages : en Pages : 134
Book Description
Fatigue crack growth data sets, for pressure vessel and piping steels, in reactor-grade water environment have appeared in various reports and publications since about 1972. All of the results which have been published from 1972 through 1979 have been plotted and are presented in this report. Beginning with a discussion of the need for these data, and an explanation of the laboratory facilities which are required for this research, this report goes on to describe the overall trends which have evolved through consideration of the data sets and the conditions under which they were generated. A model for hydrogen assisted fatigue crack growth is described and applied to the pressurized water reactor type of environment. A complete listing of references is included in the report. (Author).
Author: BM. Kapadia Publisher: ISBN: Category : Crack growth Languages : en Pages : 17
Book Description
An investigation of fatigue crack propagation behavior in air of as-deposited electroslag welds in two hot-rolled structural steels, prepared according to ASTM Specification for Structural Steel (A 36) and ASTM Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with 50 000 psi Minimum Yield Point to 4 in. Thick (Grade A) (A 588), has shown that the crack-growth rates (da/dN) in the welds were similar to or up to five times slower than the rate in the base steels. The retardation in crack-growth rate was observed to be substantially greater for crack propagation in the coarse-grained heat-affected-zone (HAZ) and bond-line regions than in the weld metal, but this was not consistently observed. Moreover, marked variations in the microstructure of the weld metal and HAZ did not significantly influence crack propagation. These crack-growth data for the weldments, described in an earlier paper, have been analyzed in the present paper in terms of residual stresses causing the observed retardation in crack-growth rate. In the present work, quantitative comparisons of the crack-growth behavior of the welds were based on a cyclic-life parameter (N1), which was defined as the number of cycles required for precracking the IT wedge-opening-loading (WOL) specimens to a total crack length of 2.54 cm (1 in.). This parameter gave results that were consistent with those based on incremental crack-growth (da/dN) data in the earlier paper. The observed retardation in crack-growth rate in the welds is attributed to compressive residual stresses introduced by welding. This effect was analyzed in the present paper in terms of a stress-intensity-range suppression concept, whereby the applied stress-intensity-factor range is decreased to some lower effective value. The results showed that the beneficial effect of compressive residual stresses on crack propagation appears to be of a variable nature and would diminish following a stress-relief heat treatment.
Author: D. A. Davis Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 35
Book Description
The corrosion fatigue crack-growth properties of several types of HY-100 steel weldments were studied, primarily in an environment of seawater with cathodic protection by zinc anode. Shielded metal-arc and gas metal-arc of both pulsed and spray-arc processes, and submerged-arc weldments were included. The fatigue crack growth tests were conducted using compact specimens removed from the weldments to confine the path of the growing crack in all weld metal. Constant amplitude, sinusoidal loads were applied at a frequency of 0.17 hertz with a load ratio (minimum-to-maximum) of 0.10. In general, fatigue crack growth in weldments was considerably slower than that in HY-100 plate under the same conditions of load and environment, where the applied potential accelerated crack-growth rate. The results showed minor differences among the weldments. It was suggested that the residual stress along the weld center line, the inhomogeneity of the weld metal with respect to the crack path, defects, and minor porosity all act to retard crack growth, especially at lower stress intensity levels. These factors tend to mask the environmental effects. However, weldments prepared with high heat input showed greater resistance to fatigue crack propagation than weldments prepared at low heat input.
Author: A. F. Hobbacher Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319237578 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 153
Book Description
This book provides a basis for the design and analysis of welded components that are subjected to fluctuating forces, to avoid failure by fatigue. It is also a valuable resource for those on boards or commissions who are establishing fatigue design codes. For maximum benefit, readers should already have a working knowledge of the basics of fatigue and fracture mechanics. The purpose of designing a structure taking into consideration the limit state for fatigue damage is to ensure that the performance is satisfactory during the design life and that the survival probability is acceptable. The latter is achieved by the use of appropriate partial safety factors. This document has been prepared as the result of an initiative by Commissions XIII and XV of the International Institute of Welding (IIW).
Author: L. Katz
Author: L. Katz
Author: D. W. Hoeppner
Author: David W. Hoeppner
Author: Harry I. McHenry
Author: W. H. Cullen
Author: BM. Kapadia
Author: 
Author: D. A. Davis
Author: A. F. Hobbacher
Author: C. C. Monahan