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Author: Alexis E. Payne Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 222
Book Description
False recollection refers to the retrieval of contextual information associated with an event that has not occurred. For instance, during a recognition task, one might identify a nonstudied word presented at test as old because she remembers the font color of the word during study. Although instances such as this are rare and typically occur at a varying rate of 0-5%, current models of recognition such as the Complementary Learning Systems (CLS) model and the Dual-Process Signal-Detection (DPSD) model do not contain a mechanism to account for their occurrence. Although both the CLS and DPSD models have support from studies demonstrating functional dissociations, neurophysiological dissociations, and behavioral findings of process dissociation, their ability to explain false memories has been more elusive; neither theory specifically addresses false recollection. Instead, such models have ignored false recollection as inconsequential noise in the data. The purpose of this dissertation was to determine whether the false recognition effect obtained by the Payne-Eakin paradigm was due to false recollection or familiarity. The Payne-Eakin paradigm is based on the PIER2 model, which theorizes that targets implicitly activated during study lead to the falser recognition of a false-target pair. Using a modified version of the Payne-Eakin paradigm, we investigated the nature of the false recognition effect using a priori behavioral analyses and statistical modeling. The findings of this dissertation provide a step toward a more solid understanding of the cognitive mechanisms involved in the recognition of nonstudied items. This dissertation demonstrates that modeling false recollection is possible. The results of this dissertation suggest that, because current models of recognition do not provide a mechanism to account for false recollection, our understanding of recognition is not fully understood. The results highlight that the current understanding of how false recollection contributes to recognition performance is an area in need of further development.
Author: Alexis E. Payne Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 222
Book Description
False recollection refers to the retrieval of contextual information associated with an event that has not occurred. For instance, during a recognition task, one might identify a nonstudied word presented at test as old because she remembers the font color of the word during study. Although instances such as this are rare and typically occur at a varying rate of 0-5%, current models of recognition such as the Complementary Learning Systems (CLS) model and the Dual-Process Signal-Detection (DPSD) model do not contain a mechanism to account for their occurrence. Although both the CLS and DPSD models have support from studies demonstrating functional dissociations, neurophysiological dissociations, and behavioral findings of process dissociation, their ability to explain false memories has been more elusive; neither theory specifically addresses false recollection. Instead, such models have ignored false recollection as inconsequential noise in the data. The purpose of this dissertation was to determine whether the false recognition effect obtained by the Payne-Eakin paradigm was due to false recollection or familiarity. The Payne-Eakin paradigm is based on the PIER2 model, which theorizes that targets implicitly activated during study lead to the falser recognition of a false-target pair. Using a modified version of the Payne-Eakin paradigm, we investigated the nature of the false recognition effect using a priori behavioral analyses and statistical modeling. The findings of this dissertation provide a step toward a more solid understanding of the cognitive mechanisms involved in the recognition of nonstudied items. This dissertation demonstrates that modeling false recollection is possible. The results of this dissertation suggest that, because current models of recognition do not provide a mechanism to account for false recollection, our understanding of recognition is not fully understood. The results highlight that the current understanding of how false recollection contributes to recognition performance is an area in need of further development.
Author: John Dunlosky Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199336741 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 593
Book Description
The Oxford Handbook of Metamemory investigates the human ability to evaluate and control learning and information retrieval processes. Each chapter in this authoritative guide highlights a different facet of metamemory research, including classical metamemory judgments; applications of metamemory research to the classroom and courtroom; and cutting-edge perspectives on continuing debates and theory. Chapters also provide broad historical overviews of each research area and discussions of promising directions for future research. The breadth and depth of coverage on offer in this Handbook make it ideal for seminars on metamemory or metacognition. It would also be a valuable supplement for advanced courses on cognitive psychology, of use especially to graduate students and more seasoned researchers who are interested in exploring metamemory for the first time.
Author: Martin A. Conway Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1317774744 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
This work is a collection of theoretical statements from a broad range of memory researchers. Each chapter was derived from a presentation given at the 2nd International Conference on Memory, held at Abano Termi, Italy, 15th to 19th July 1996. The contributions cover imagery, implicit and explicit memory, encoding and retrieval processes, neuroimaging, age- related changes in memory, development of conceptual knowledge, spatial memory, the ecological approach to memory, processes mediating false memories, and cognitive models of memory.
Author: Daniel L. Schacter Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 9780863776939 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
People sometimes remember events that never happened. These illusory or false memories have important practical implications in various aspects of everyday life, and also have significant theoretical implications for cognitive and neuropsychological models of memory. Cognitive psychologists and neuropsychologists have long been aware of false recognition, confabulation, and related kinds of memory distortions, but during the past several years research on these topics has increased rapidly. In recognition of this emerging domain of interest, this special issue of Cognitive Neuropsychologyis devoted to the cognitive neuropsychology of false memories. Edited by Daniel L. Schacter, the special issue features experimental and theoretical contributions from leading cognitive psychologists, neuropsychologists, and neurologists that explore such issues as false recognition after frontal lobe damage, the nature of confabulation, amnesia and false memories, physiological correlates of memory illusions, memory distortions in normal and abnormal aging, and computational models of true and false memories. gical correlates of memory illusions, memory distortions in normal and abnormal aging, and computational models of true and false memories.
Author: James S. Nairne Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1136872213 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 465
Book Description
The Foundations of Remembering presents a collection of essays written by top memory scholars in honor of Henry L. Roediger III. The chapters were originally delivered as part of the "Roddyfest" conference held in March 2005 to celebrate Purdue University's awarding of an honorary doctor of letters to Roediger in recognition of his many contributions to the field of psychology. Authors were given a simple charge: choose your own topic, but place your work in historical context. Roediger is fascinated by the intellectual lineage of ideas, so addressing historical "foundations" seemed a fitting tribute. The Chapters contained in this volume help to establish the foundations of remembering, circa the first decade of the 21st century, as perceived by some of the leading memory researchers in the world. Not surprisingly, each of the chapters touches on Roediger's research as well, largely because his work has helped to define and clarify many topics of interest to the memory field. The Foundations of Remembering is intended for a wide audience: students, scholars, and anyone interested in exploring the historical and conceptual roots of modern memory theory.
Author: David F. Bjorklund Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1135671672 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
As one of the most hotly debated topics of the past decade, false memory has attracted the interest of researchers and practitioners in many of psychology's subdisciplines. Real-world issues surrounding the credibility of memories (particularly memories of traumatic events, such as sexual abuse) reported by both children and adults have been at the center of this debate. Were the adults actually retrieving repressed memories under the careful direction of psychotherapists, or were the memories being "created" by repeated suggestion? Were children telling investigators about events that actually happened, or were the interviewing techniques used to get at unpleasant experiences serving to implant memories that eventually became their own? There is evidence in the psychological research literature to support both sides, and the potential impact on individuals, families, and society as a whole has been profound. This book is an attempt to cut through the undergrowth and get at the truth of the "recovered memory/false-memory creation" puzzle. The contributors review seminal work from their own research programs and provide theory and critical evaluation of existing research that is necessary to translate theory into practice. The book will be of great value to basic and applied memory researchers, clinical and social psychologists, and other professionals working within the helping and legal professions.
Author: Amanda Parker Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1135430721 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 698
Book Description
Recent advances in techniques available to memory researchers have led to a rapid expansion in the field of cognitive neuroscience of memory. This book provides accessible coverage of four key areas of recent advance, including research on functional imaging, electrophysiological and lesion studies, and developments from the computational modelling approach. The first section reviews functional imaging studies in humans, with particular emphasis on how imaging methods have clarified the cortical areas involved in memory formation and retrieval. The second section describes electrophysiological and lesion research in monkeys, where lesion and disconnection studies are rapidly adding to our knowledge of both information processing and modulatory aspects of memory formation. In the third section, electrophysiological and lesion studies in rats are reviewed allowing for a detailed study of the role of novelty and exploration in memory formation. The final section reviews current research in computational modelling which has allowed the development of new theoretical and experimental approaches to the study of memory encoding and retrieval. This volume draws together the current developments in each field, allowing the synthesis of ideas and providing converging evidence from a range of sources. It will be a useful resource for both advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of psychology, as well as researchers in the field and anyone with an interest in cognitive neuroscience.
Author: C. J. Brainerd Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0198035047 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 574
Book Description
Findings from research on false memory have major implications for a number of fields central to human welfare, such as medicine and law. Although many important conclusions have been reached after a decade or so of intensive research, the majority of them are not well known outside the immediate field. To make this research accessible to a much wider audience, The Science of False Memory has been written to require little or no background knowledge of the theory and techniques used in memory research. Brainerd and Reyna introduce the volume by considering the progenitors to the modern science of false memory, and noting the remarkable degree to which core themes of contemporary research were anticipated by historical figure such as Binet, Piaget, and Bartlett. They continue with an account of the varied methods that have been used to study false memory both inside and outside of the laboratory. The first part of the volume focuses on the basic science of false memory, revolving around three topics: old and new theoretical ideas that have been used to explain false memory and make predictions about it; research findings and predictions about false memory in normal adults; and research findings and predictions about age-related changes in false memory between early childhood and adulthood. Throughout Part I, Brainerd and Reyna emphasize how current opponent-processes conceptions of false memory act as a unifying influence by integrating predictions and data across disparate forms of false memory. The second part focuses on the applied science of false memory, revolving around four topics: the falsifiability of witnesses and suspects memories of crimes, including false confessions by suspects; the falsifiability of eyewitness identifications of suspects; false-memory reports in investigative interviews of child victims and witnesses, particularly in connection with sexual-abuse crimes; false memory in psychotherapy, including recovered memories of childhood abuse, multiple-personality disorders, and recovered memories of previous lives. Although Part II is concerned with applied research, Brainerd and Reyna continue to emphasize the unifying influence of opponent-processes conceptions of false memory. The third part focuses on emerging trends, revolving around three expanding areas of false-memory research: mathematical models, aging effects, and cognitive neuroscience. False Memory will be an invaluable resource for professional researchers, practitioners, and students in the many fields for which false-memory research has implications, including child-protective services, clinical psychology, law, criminal justice, elementary and secondary education, general medicine, journalism, and psychiatry.
Author: David Gallo Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1134606834 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 316
Book Description
The last decade has seen a flurry of experimental research into the neurocognitive underpinnings of illusory memories. Using simple materials and tests (e.g., recalling words or pictures), methods such as the famed Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task have attracted considerable attention. These tasks elicit false memories of nonstudied events that are vivid, long lasting, and difficult to consciously avoid. Additional research shows that these memory illusions are fundamentally related to more complex memory distortions. As a result, this rapidly expanding literature has generated a great deal of excitement - and even some controversy - in contemporary psychology. Associative Illusions of Memory provides an ambitious overview of this research area. Starting with the historical roots and major theoretical trends, this book exhaustively reviews the most recent studies by cognitive psychologists, neuropsychologists, and cognitive neuroscientists. The strengths and limits of various experimental techniques are outlined, and the large body of existing data is meaningfully distilled into a few core theoretical concepts. This book highlights the malleability of memory, as well as the strategies and situations that can help us avoid false memories. Throughout the review, it is argued that these basic memory illusions contribute to a deeper understanding of how human memory works.
Author: Simona Ghetti Publisher: OUP USA ISBN: 0195340795 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 343
Book Description
The ability to remember unique, personal events is at the core of what we consider to be "memory." Contributors to this volume use state-of-the-art theories and methods to address questions of how the vivid experience of reinstatement of our past emerges, and how recollection contributes to our life histories.
Author: Alexis E. Payne
Author: Alexis E. Payne
Author: John Dunlosky
Author: Martin A. Conway
Author: Daniel L. Schacter
Author: James S. Nairne
Author: David F. Bjorklund
Author: Amanda Parker
Author: C. J. Brainerd
Author: David Gallo
Author: Simona Ghetti