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Author: Pooya Ghasvareh Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This thesis consists of three studies in matching theory and market design. Its main focus is to compare matching rules according to normative criteria, primarily fairness, when objects have priorities over agents. In the first study we analyze one-to-one matching and prove that in general we cannot find a strategy-proof and Pareto-efficient mechanism which stands out uniquely in terms of fairness when using fundamental criteria for profile-by-profile comparison. In particular, despite suggestions to the contrary in the literature, the Top Trading Cycles (TTC) mechanism is not more fair than all other mechanisms in this class. We also show that while the TTC is not dominated, if the priority profile is strongly cyclic then there is not much scope for TTC to dominate other matching rules in this class. In the second study, which focuses on many-to-on matching, I provide a direct proof that Ergin's cycle (Ergin, 2002) is stronger than Kesten's cycle (Kesten, 2006), due to different scarcity conditions for the quotas on objects. I also prove that when there is a Kesten cycle there is no strategy-proof and Pareto-efficient mechanism which uniquely stands out in terms of the fairness criteria. Moreover, I use simulations to show that as the number of Kesten cycles increases, there are more fairness violations and fewer preference profiles at which the TTC mechanism is fair. The third study compares three competing many-to-one matching mechanisms that are strategy-proof and Pareto-efficient but not fair, namely the TTC, Equitable Top Trading Cycles (ETTC) and Clinch and Trade (CT) mechanisms. Although one would expect that ETTC and CT are more fair than the TTC, I demonstrate the opposite for specific preference profiles and compare the aggregate number of fairness violations using simulations. I find that ETTC tends to have fewer priority violations in the aggregate than the other two mechanisms across both different quota distributions and varying correlations of preferences. Finally, I show that all three mechanisms become more efficient when the commonly most preferred object has the highest quota, and demonstrate that the more unequal the quota distribution, the more fair and efficient the three mechanisms become.
Author: Pooya Ghasvareh Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This thesis consists of three studies in matching theory and market design. Its main focus is to compare matching rules according to normative criteria, primarily fairness, when objects have priorities over agents. In the first study we analyze one-to-one matching and prove that in general we cannot find a strategy-proof and Pareto-efficient mechanism which stands out uniquely in terms of fairness when using fundamental criteria for profile-by-profile comparison. In particular, despite suggestions to the contrary in the literature, the Top Trading Cycles (TTC) mechanism is not more fair than all other mechanisms in this class. We also show that while the TTC is not dominated, if the priority profile is strongly cyclic then there is not much scope for TTC to dominate other matching rules in this class. In the second study, which focuses on many-to-on matching, I provide a direct proof that Ergin's cycle (Ergin, 2002) is stronger than Kesten's cycle (Kesten, 2006), due to different scarcity conditions for the quotas on objects. I also prove that when there is a Kesten cycle there is no strategy-proof and Pareto-efficient mechanism which uniquely stands out in terms of the fairness criteria. Moreover, I use simulations to show that as the number of Kesten cycles increases, there are more fairness violations and fewer preference profiles at which the TTC mechanism is fair. The third study compares three competing many-to-one matching mechanisms that are strategy-proof and Pareto-efficient but not fair, namely the TTC, Equitable Top Trading Cycles (ETTC) and Clinch and Trade (CT) mechanisms. Although one would expect that ETTC and CT are more fair than the TTC, I demonstrate the opposite for specific preference profiles and compare the aggregate number of fairness violations using simulations. I find that ETTC tends to have fewer priority violations in the aggregate than the other two mechanisms across both different quota distributions and varying correlations of preferences. Finally, I show that all three mechanisms become more efficient when the commonly most preferred object has the highest quota, and demonstrate that the more unequal the quota distribution, the more fair and efficient the three mechanisms become.
Author: Nissim Francez Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461248868 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 308
Book Description
The main purpose of this book is to bring together much of the research conducted in recent years in a subject I find both fascinating and impor tant, namely fairness. Much of the reported research is still in the form of technical reports, theses and conference papers, and only a small part has already appeared in the formal scientific journal literature. Fairness is one of those concepts that can intuitively be explained very brieft.y, but bear a lot of consequences, both in theory and the practicality of programming languages. Scientists have traditionally been attracted to studying such concepts. However, a rigorous study of the concept needs a lot of detailed development, evoking much machinery of both mathemat ics and computer science. I am fully aware of the fact that this field of research still lacks matu rity, as does the whole subject of theoretical studies of concurrency and nondeterminism. One symptom of this lack of maturity is the proliferation of models used by the research community to discuss these issues, a variety lacking the invariance property present, for example, in universal formalisms for sequential computing.
Author: Neil Anderson Publisher: SAGE ISBN: 1849202095 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 509
Book Description
Work in the 21st century requires new understanding in organizational behaviour: how individuals interact together to get work done. This volume brings together research on essential topics such as motivation; job satisfaction; leadership; compensation; organizational justice; communication; intra- and inter-team functioning; judgement and decision-making; organizational development and change. Psychological insights are offered on: management interventions; organizational theory; organizational productivity; organizational culture and climate; strategic management; stress; and job loss and unemployment.
Author: Frank Pfenning Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3540398155 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 407
Book Description
This volume constitutes the proceedings of the second International Conference on Generative Programming and Component Engineering (GPCE 2003), held September 22–25, 2003, in Erfurt, Germany, sponsored by the NetObjectDays German industrial software development event, in cooperation with the ACM SIGPLAN and SIGSOFT societies. GPCE was created as an e?ort to bring - getherresearchersworkingonboththeprogramminglanguagesandthesoftware engineeringsideofprogramgenerationandcomponentengineering. Thecommon theme of program generation and component engineering is the domain-speci?c nature of both approaches. Depending on the characteristics of a domain, either a generative or a compositional technical solution may be appropriate. In just its second year, GPCE has shown a lot of promise for building a strong community. The response to the call for papers was excellent, with 62 submissions to the technical program, 2 of which were later withdrawn. Each paper received between three and ?ve reviews, many of them quite thorough and hopefully valuable to all authors. The electronic meeting allowed for - depthdiscussionsofallsubmissions,oftentoamuchgreaterextentthanpossible in a physical PC meeting. As a result, 21 papers were selected for presentation at the conference and are included in this volume, together with abstracts for the invited talks by Olivier Danvy and Peri Tarr. Of the accepted papers, 3 are co-authored by PC members (from a total of 5 PC submissions). We tried hard to ensure fairness and hold PC submissions to a high standard. The EDAS conference submission system was used to manage the paper submissions. Our EDAS installation was supported by Blair MacIntyre, who was particularlyhelpfulinresolvingtechnicalissueswiththesystem.
Author: Ian Foster Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1498751431 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 493
Book Description
Both Traditional Students and Working Professionals Acquire the Skills to Analyze Social Problems. Big Data and Social Science: A Practical Guide to Methods and Tools shows how to apply data science to real-world problems in both research and the practice. The book provides practical guidance on combining methods and tools from computer science, statistics, and social science. This concrete approach is illustrated throughout using an important national problem, the quantitative study of innovation. The text draws on the expertise of prominent leaders in statistics, the social sciences, data science, and computer science to teach students how to use modern social science research principles as well as the best analytical and computational tools. It uses a real-world challenge to introduce how these tools are used to identify and capture appropriate data, apply data science models and tools to that data, and recognize and respond to data errors and limitations. For more information, including sample chapters and news, please visit the author's website.
Author: Helmy H. Baligh Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 038728317X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 486
Book Description
Organization Structures: Theory and Design, Analysis and Prescription describes how to organize people to achieve a desired outcome. This is accomplished by establishing sets of rules from "real world" organization contexts. Moreover, the development of these rules within "real world" contexts means that the rules must be true, general, operational, technically sound, and easy to use. With an understanding of rules and the processes of their use, organization structures can be identified, which in turn form the basis of a theoretical framework. This book discusses, examines, and demonstrates the interrelationship of the design rules, their theoretical use within these organization structures, along with their practical implications. Throughout the book, an extended example of the Masters Brewing Corporation (MBC) is used to illustrate the conceptual material and to make the implications of the organizational analysis explicitly concrete.
Author: Jenny Flemming Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 100385639X Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
Police citizen encounters do not occur in a vacuum. Police systems globally have similarities and/or differences which remain largely understudied and therefore underexplained. Comparative policing is a new frontier for policing research as it aims at integrating the institutional and/or macro determinants of police strategy and provides important insights into the context in which such strategies emerge. This volume shows how lessons and insights emerge from a comparative approach to policing research in various regions of the world. It demonstrates the explanatory power of cross-national studies, with a particular focus on politics, policies, and for what concerns the nature of police work and the legitimacy of policing. The book presents comparative studies from different geographical locations such as Latin and Central America, Africa, India, and Europe, and offers insights on: Police worker politics in India and Brazil Police, non-state security actors, and political legitimacy in central America Trust in the police and the militarization of law enforcement in Latin America The origins of police legitimacy in Europe How organizational contexts matter by analyzing police-adolescent encounters in France and Germany Legitimacy and cooperation with the police in two African states. Cross-state and cross-society research is desirable to increase our understanding of variations of the macro context in which police forces operate, what policing means for citizens and for police officers as professional workers. This insightful volume is a key resource for scholars and researchers of policing, criminology, sociology, and law. This book was originally published as the inaugural volume of Comparative Policing Review / Policing and Society.
Author: Heinz-Dieter Meyer Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9462092303 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 308
Book Description
The purpose of this volume is to help jump-start an urgently needed conversation about fairness and justice in access to higher education to counteract the ubiquitous mantras of neoliberal globalization and managerialism. The book seeks to carve out a strong moral and normative basis for opposing mainstream developments that engender increasing inequality and market-dependency in higher education. The book’s chapters consider how different national communities channel access to higher education, what their “implicit social contracts” are, and what outcomes are produced by different policies and methods. The book is essential reading for scholars of higher education and students concerned with increasing inequality in a globalizing educational marketplace.
Author: Pooya Ghasvareh
Author: Pooya Ghasvareh
Author: 
Author: Nissim Francez
Author: Neil Anderson
Author: Frank Pfenning
Author: Ian Foster
Author: Helmy H. Baligh
Author: Jenny Flemming
Author: Heinz-Dieter Meyer
Author: