Author: Mimi Le PhanPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 466
Book Description
Factors Underlying the Perception of Sound Locations and Temporal Discrimination of Rapidly Presented Acoustic Stimuli in the Primate Auditory Cortex
Author: Mimi Le PhanPlasticity in auditory cortex on the grounds of learning discrimination
Author: Hans MenningPublisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3638340554
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 128
Book Description
Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2002 in the subject Psychology - Biological Psychology, grade: magna cum laude, University of Münster (Institute for Experimental Audiology), language: English, abstract: The motivation for this thesis came from the intriguing idea that we continuously restructure our brain through everyday learning. How can this highly complex, highly adaptive “learning device” change and reorganize itself all the time while keeping the illusion that we are constantly “ourselves”? The question is, whether learning has the power to trigger functional and structural changes in the brain. Several levels of thinking are involved in an interdisciplinary way. Thus, on a psychological level, 3 major topics enter this work: learning, memory and preconscious or pre-attentive perception and processing of information. Pre-attentive perception means that the subjects' attention and awareness is not mirrored in the neuronal response at a great deal. Learning is involved in this study as an improving discrimination of fine frequency and word duration differences; the latter was examined in a group of native and non-native speakers. Memory is referred to as sensory memory, a short-time memory trace that is established through the repetition of the same “standard” stimulus. In the auditory modality this has been termed “echoic memory”. A long, repetitive training engraves deep “traces” into the memory. The lifelong training of one’s native language results in a very fast and highly automated long-term memory access. On a neurophysiological level the main topics are plasticity and the reorganization of the underlying representational brain areas. Plastic changes on a molecular, synaptic and neuronal level and reorganization of cortical “maps” have been demonstrated abundantly in animal studies. On a physical level the measured magnetic fields and the calculation of the source parameters of their underlying neural generators are discussed in the light of the neurophysiological and psychological phenomena. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation thesis was, to transfer the insights of animal plasticity research onto the human brain and to draw a connection line between discrimination learning and the underlying neurophysiological changes. In a second step, these effects of discrimination learning are tested on speech perception.
American Doctoral Dissertations
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 776
Book Description
Sounds in Time
Author: Paul Thomas FillmorePublisher:
ISBN: 9781109524635
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 77
Book Description
We have described a set of experiments examining temporal organization in the auditory system on several timescales, using several stimulus types, to gain a broad picture of the representation of temporal features of sound in human auditory cortex. Experiment one examined the common claim of left hemisphere specialization for speech based on temporal factors (Schwartz & Tallal, 1980, Zatorre et al., 2002), and how these patterns could be modulated by task demands. Subjects listened to words with or without rapid formant transitions, and performed either a semantic or a phonemic task. We found that in the context of whole-word natural language processing, the presence of rapid temporal change does not result in expected left-lateralized effects. When participants attended to sound analysis, stimulus effects became more likely, but were found in both hemispheres. Our results stress the importance of task demands in evaluating theories of auditory perception. Experiment two used a novel stimulus in fMRI, repeated frozen noise, to examine periodotopic organization in auditory cortex for periods of 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 ms. We found that primary auditory structures were sensitive to all periodicities, with each condition activating distinct additional areas in the temporal plane, and the most anterior areas preferentially sensitive to the longest periods. Despite the use of stimuli within timescales described elsewhere as preferentially driving hemispheric lateralization patterns (Poeppel, 2003), no effects of hemisphere were evident, suggesting that temporal hierarchical organization within hemisphere may be a more dominant structure than that across hemispheres. In experiment three, we used a modified auditory oddball paradigm to find regions of auditory cortex that code for sequence processing for sequences of differing lengths (1, 3 or 6 tones). We found regions sensitive to coding stimulus deviance throughout the temporal lobes, bilaterally. Additionally, downstream areas (i.e. anterior temporal and sensorimotor regions) were increasingly recruited with increasing sequence length. Different areas were active for the three and six-tone conditions, with the six-tone sequence activating the most anterior regions. These spatial patterns, along with those from experiment two, suggest the possibility of a length-based organization for sound in the human temporal lobe.
Evolution of Nervous Systems
Author: Georg F. StriedterPublisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128040963
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2064
Book Description
Evolution of Nervous Systems, Second Edition, Four Volume Set is a unique, major reference which offers the gold standard for those interested both in evolution and nervous systems. All biology only makes sense when seen in the light of evolution, and this is especially true for the nervous system. All animals have nervous systems that mediate their behaviors, many of them species specific, yet these nervous systems all evolved from the simple nervous system of a common ancestor. To understand these nervous systems, we need to know how they vary and how this variation emerged in evolution. In the first edition of this important reference work, over 100 distinguished neuroscientists assembled the current state-of-the-art knowledge on how nervous systems have evolved throughout the animal kingdom. This second edition remains rich in detail and broad in scope, outlining the changes in brain and nervous system organization that occurred from the first invertebrates and vertebrates, to present day fishes, reptiles, birds, mammals, and especially primates, including humans. The book also includes wholly new content, fully updating the chapters in the previous edition and offering brand new content on current developments in the field. Each of the volumes has been carefully restructured to offer expanded coverage of non-mammalian taxa, mammals, primates, and the human nervous system. The basic principles of brain evolution are discussed, as are mechanisms of change. The reader can select from chapters on highly specific topics or those that provide an overview of current thinking and approaches, making this an indispensable work for students and researchers alike. Presents a broad range of topics, ranging from genetic control of development in invertebrates, to human cognition, offering a one-stop resource for the evolution of nervous systems throughout the animal kingdom Incorporates the expertise of over 100 outstanding investigators who provide their conclusions in the context of the latest experimental results Presents areas of disagreement and consensus views that provide a holistic view of the subjects under discussion
Serial and Parallel Processing in Primate Auditory Cortex
Author: Corrie Randolph CamalierPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Auditory cortex
Languages : en
Pages : 200
Book Description
Effects of Temporal Cortex Ablations Upon Complex Auditory Discrimination in the Monkey
Author: James Carlyle LynchPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hearing
Languages : en
Pages : 64
Book Description
Cumulated Index Medicus
Author: The Neural Bases of Multisensory Processes
Author: Micah M. MurrayPublisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439812179
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 800
Book Description
It has become accepted in the neuroscience community that perception and performance are quintessentially multisensory by nature. Using the full palette of modern brain imaging and neuroscience methods, The Neural Bases of Multisensory Processes details current understanding in the neural bases for these phenomena as studied across species, stages of development, and clinical statuses. Organized thematically into nine sub-sections, the book is a collection of contributions by leading scientists in the field. Chapters build generally from basic to applied, allowing readers to ascertain how fundamental science informs the clinical and applied sciences. Topics discussed include: Anatomy, essential for understanding the neural substrates of multisensory processing Neurophysiological bases and how multisensory stimuli can dramatically change the encoding processes for sensory information Combinatorial principles and modeling, focusing on efforts to gain a better mechanistic handle on multisensory operations and their network dynamics Development and plasticity Clinical manifestations and how perception and action are affected by altered sensory experience Attention and spatial representations The last sections of the book focus on naturalistic multisensory processes in three separate contexts: motion signals, multisensory contributions to the perception and generation of communication signals, and how the perception of flavor is generated. The text provides a solid introduction for newcomers and a strong overview of the current state of the field for experts.
Brain Mapping
Author: Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123973163
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 2668
Book Description
Brain Mapping: A Comprehensive Reference, Three Volume Set offers foundational information for students and researchers across neuroscience. With over 300 articles and a media rich environment, this resource provides exhaustive coverage of the methods and systems involved in brain mapping, fully links the data to disease (presenting side by side maps of healthy and diseased brains for direct comparisons), and offers data sets and fully annotated color images. Each entry is built on a layered approach of the content – basic information for those new to the area and more detailed material for experienced readers. Edited and authored by the leading experts in the field, this work offers the most reputable, easily searchable content with cross referencing across articles, a one-stop reference for students, researchers and teaching faculty. Broad overview of neuroimaging concepts with applications across the neurosciences and biomedical research Fully annotated color images and videos for best comprehension of concepts Layered content for readers of different levels of expertise Easily searchable entries for quick access of reputable information Live reference links to ScienceDirect, Scopus and PubMed