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Author: Quinn Decent Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Natural and anthropogenic landscape disturbance pressures have accelerated the transfer of fine sediment to streams in forested headwater regions of the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains. The accumulation of fine sediment in spawning gravels can reduce survival rates of salmonid eggs by decreasing intragravel flow velocities and dissolved oxygen concentrations. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of fine sediment intrusion on the abiotic characteristics of the salmonid redd and assess the potential consequences for egg development and survival using a physically based numerical model SIDO (Sediment Intrusion and Dissolved Oxygen). Field observations from the Crowsnest River, Alberta, Canada were used to calibrate the model using flow, suspended solids and sediment accumulation data as well as high frequency dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements in spawning gravels. The impact of varying sediment inputs upon sediment intrusion rates, abiotic redd characteristics and fish egg survival rates were assessed using SIDO. Dissolved oxygen concentrations in redds were highly variable both within and between sites and varied with observed changes in river discharge and suspended sediment concentrations. Trends in measured and modelled DO concentrations in redds were generally comparable, reflecting a general decrease in dissolved oxygen levels in spawning gravels over the study period. SIDO was not sensitive to measured short term fluctuations of DO and modelled predictions of DO were higher than measured values. The quantities of sediment ingress predicted by SIDO were lower by an order of magnitude than those measured in ingress baskets. Differences between observed and modelled DO are related to the fact that this physically based model does not include terms that describe the effects of groundwater and biotic (microbial) processes on dissolved oxygen in spawning gravels. The potential of SIDO as a tool for fisheries management will be enhanced by including terms that describe groundwater and microbial processes that influence spawning gravel DO dynamics.
Author: Quinn Decent Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Natural and anthropogenic landscape disturbance pressures have accelerated the transfer of fine sediment to streams in forested headwater regions of the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains. The accumulation of fine sediment in spawning gravels can reduce survival rates of salmonid eggs by decreasing intragravel flow velocities and dissolved oxygen concentrations. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of fine sediment intrusion on the abiotic characteristics of the salmonid redd and assess the potential consequences for egg development and survival using a physically based numerical model SIDO (Sediment Intrusion and Dissolved Oxygen). Field observations from the Crowsnest River, Alberta, Canada were used to calibrate the model using flow, suspended solids and sediment accumulation data as well as high frequency dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements in spawning gravels. The impact of varying sediment inputs upon sediment intrusion rates, abiotic redd characteristics and fish egg survival rates were assessed using SIDO. Dissolved oxygen concentrations in redds were highly variable both within and between sites and varied with observed changes in river discharge and suspended sediment concentrations. Trends in measured and modelled DO concentrations in redds were generally comparable, reflecting a general decrease in dissolved oxygen levels in spawning gravels over the study period. SIDO was not sensitive to measured short term fluctuations of DO and modelled predictions of DO were higher than measured values. The quantities of sediment ingress predicted by SIDO were lower by an order of magnitude than those measured in ingress baskets. Differences between observed and modelled DO are related to the fact that this physically based model does not include terms that describe the effects of groundwater and biotic (microbial) processes on dissolved oxygen in spawning gravels. The potential of SIDO as a tool for fisheries management will be enhanced by including terms that describe groundwater and microbial processes that influence spawning gravel DO dynamics.
Author: Aimee Ford Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 118
Book Description
Some fish lay their eggs in nests or redds that they construct in sediment. The viability of the eggs depends on many factors, particularly how well oxygenated they are. The dissolved oxygen distribution in turn depends on whether fluid flow and solute transport occurs within the sediment. In fluvial sediment, the flow and transport processes in shallow permeable sediment is typically referred to as hyporheic exchange with the area subject to it called the hyborheic zone. However, there is currently limited research on the effects of bed depressions, such as those corresponding to fish nests, on hyperheic flow and biogeochemistry. Thus, I conducted a series of flume experiments with the aim of understanding the effects of bed depressions following the shape of fish nests on the hyporheic circulation, but experiments regarding the oxygen concentration in and around redds have not been conducted. I am determining the ways in which redds affect dissolved oxygen distribution. The oxygen and microsensors. The red design is based on a salmonid red, which consists of a scour feature and a tailspin. The salmonid eggs are found in the tailspin. I predict that the oxygen concentration will be greatest in close proximity to the gravel base of the red and concentration will decrease with increasing depth and distance from the red. Higher oxygen concentrations in the tailspin supports the placement of fish eggs within that area as opposed to a less oxygenated are of surrounding streambed.
Author: David J. Gilvear Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119994349 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 430
Book Description
River Science is a rapidly developing interdisciplinary field at the interface of the natural sciences, engineering and socio-political sciences. It recognises that the sustainable management of contemporary rivers will increasingly require new ways of characterising them to enable engagement with the diverse range of stakeholders. This volume represents the outcome of research by many of the authors and their colleagues over the last 40 years and demonstrates the integral role that River Science now plays in underpinning our understanding of the functioning of natural ecosystems, and how societal demands and historic changes have affected these systems. The book will inform academics, policy makers and society in general of the benefits of healthy functioning riverine systems, and will increase awareness of the wide range of ecosystem goods and services they provide.
Author: Quinn Decent
Author: Quinn Decent
Author: John J. Peterka
Author: Aimee Ford
Author: David J. Gilvear
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Author: 
Author: United States. National Bureau of Standards
Author: United States. National Bureau of Standards
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Author: