Factors Affecting the Susceptibility of Grape (Vitis Vinifera) Berries to Botrytis Cinera PDF Download

Author: Michael Edward Vail
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 170

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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
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Bitter rot, caused by the fungus Greeneria uvicola (Berk. & Curtis) Punith., is one of the most important fruit rot diseases that threaten the burgeoning winegrape (Vitis vinifera L.) industry in the southeastern United States. Epidemiological studies were conducted to examine the variation in aggressiveness among isolates, period of fruit susceptibility in V. vinifera, relative susceptibility of cultivars to bitter rot, and influence of temperature and duration of wetness on infection. Detached V. vinifera 'Chardonnay' fruit were inoculated with 10 isolates of G. uvicola obtained from fruit of V. vinifera, V. rotundifolia (muscadine grape), and a French-American hybrid. Isolates HCMD1 and HCMD5, obtained from V. vinifera grapes from a Maryland vineyard, were the most aggressive. Severity of disease on fruit inoculated with isolates collected from V. vinifera was significantly higher than with isolates collected from V. rotundifolia. The period of fruit susceptibility was distinguished by inoculating intact clusters of grapes in vineyards in Alamance Co. and Rockingham Co., NC, every 2 weeks from bloom until 2 weeks before harvest. Susceptibility of V. vinifera 'Merlot, ' 'Chardonnay, ' and 'Cabernet Franc' fruit increased from bloom until véraison in 2003 and from bloom until 2 weeks before véraison in 2004. The relative susceptibility of 38 cultivars and selections, including 23 V. vinifera cultivars and 5 French-American hybrids, was determined by inoculating and incubating detached fruit at 26 & deg;C. Fruit of V. vinifera were significantly more susceptible to infection by G. uvicola than French-American hybrids. V. vinifera 'Petite Sirah, ' 'JB97-8-0-7,' 'MissBlanc, ' 'Roussanne, ' 'Mourvédre, ' and 'Petit Verdot' were among the most susceptible to the bitter rot pathogen. V. aestivalis 'Cynthiana Norton, ' V. vinifera 'Arkansas 1271' and 'Riesling, ' and French-American hybrid 'Traminette' and 'Chardonel' were among the most resistant. Growth chamber.

Author: Radhika Iyer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 546

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Vine nutrition, particularly N application in wine grapes, is well known to enhance vine vigour and consequently grape and wine quality. Less is known about the interactive effects of N and irrigation on wine quality and Botrytis bunch rot incidence and severity. The Australian Wine Industry in its 5-year research plan (2002-07) identified Botrytis management strategies as a key area requiring a novel approach for minimizing fungicide application, which is critical to marketing of Australian wine both for the domestic and export markets. This study investigated the role of N nutrition and irrigation management for improving vine vigour, quality and yield of fruit through changes in canopy density and improving cuticular thickness of berries for Botrytis cinerea control using Chardonnay in two field-based (vineyard) trials and Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon in glasshouse-based trials. In the first and second year vineyard trials, 0,30 and 300 kg ha-1N were applied to the soil either with or without irrigation. Effects of N nutrition on B. cinerea infection were also investigated using varieties Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon in glasshouse trials under controlled conditions. Nitrogen (N) application in the glasshouse trials ranged from 25-400 kg ha-1. A leaf bioassay was developed to investigate the infection on leaves across varying N levels. Additional studies looked at effects of N treatment on the severity of B. cinerea infection in berries and resveratrol (stilbenes) in grape leaves, berries and wine in vineyards. In both vineyards, the N applied did not result in significant changes in canopy density, shoot length, yield, or wine quality parameters (OBrix, pH, acidity, total phenols, and N in berries). Also, no significant differences were seen in different levels of N treatment with respect to B. cinerea severity, and stilbene levels in vines over a 2-year period. In glasshouse trials, low N levels (25 kg ha-1) resulted in reduced shoot vigour, low yields and high susceptibility to infection. In contrast, N applications (200 and 400 kg ha-1) maximized vigour (wet cane weight) and imparted resistance in Chardonnay against B. cinerea infection. In Cabernet Sauvignon, the highest level of N application (400 kg ha-1) proved most beneficial in improving vigour and resistance against B. cinerea infection. Preliminary (qualitative) studies on the wax morphology of the berry surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed delayed secondary wax plate formation during the veraison period in some replicates of the high N and no irrigation treatment. Further intensive studies would be needed to explore this observation. Light microscopy studies performed to assess the cuticular thickness of the berry at different N treatments did not show any appreciable changes at different stages of berry growth. Field experimental results have implications for farmers and suggest that in regions where vines and soil are not deficient in N, grape growers could avoid excessive soil application of N fertilisers and irrigation to enhance vine vigour for minimizing B. cinerea infection.

Author: Carol Jean Luczka
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Botrytis cinerea
Languages : en
Pages : 190

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Author: LARRY J. BETTIGA
Publisher: UCANR Publications
ISBN: 1601078005
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 625

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In the much anticipated 3rd edition of Grape Pest Management, more than 70 research scientists, cooperative extension advisors and specialists, growers, and pest control advisers have consolidated the latest scientific studies and research into one handy reference. The result is a comprehensive, easy-to-read pest management tool. The new edition, the first in over a decade, includes several new invasive species that are now major pests. It also reflects an improved understanding among researchers, farmers, and growers about the biology of pests. With nine expansive chapters, helpful, colorful photos throughout, here’s more of what you’ll find: •Diagnostic techniques for identifying vineyard problems •Detailed descriptions of more than a dozen diseases •Comprehensive, illustrated listings of insect and mite pests,including the recently emerging glassy winged sharpshooter and Virginia creeper leaf-hopper •Regional calendars of events for viticultural management •Up-to-date strategies for vegetation management

Author: Helmut König
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319600214
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 711

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The second edition of the book begins with the description of the diversity of wine-related microorganisms, followed by an outline of their primary and energy metabolism. Subsequently, important aspects of the secondary metabolism are dealt with, since these activities have an impact on wine quality and off-flavour formation. Then chapters about stimulating and inhibitory growth factors follow. This knowledge is helpful for the growth management of different microbial species. The next chapters focus on the application of the consolidated findings of molecular biology and regulation the functioning of regulatory cellular networks, leading to a better understanding of the phenotypic behaviour of the microbes in general and especially of the starter cultures as well as of stimulatory and inhibitory cell-cell interactions during wine making. In the last part of the book, a compilation of modern methods complete the understanding of microbial processes during the conversion of must to wine.This broad range of topics about the biology of the microbes involved in the vinification process could be provided in one book only because of the input of many experts from different wine-growing countries.

Author: Sabine Fillinger
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319233718
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 488

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The fungal genus Botrytis is the focus of intensive scientific research worldwide. The complex interactions between this pathogen and the plants it infects and the economic importance of the diseases caused by Botrytis (principally grey mould) on more than 1400 species of cultivated plants pre- and post-harvest, render this pathogen of particular interest to farmers, advisers, students and researchers in many fields worldwide. This 20-chapter book is a comprehensive treatise covering the rapidly developing science of Botrytis and reflecting the major developments in studies of this fungus. It will serve as a source of general information for specialists in agriculture and horticulture, and also for students and scientists interested in the biology of this fascinating, multifaceted phytopathogenic fungal species.

Author: Markus Keller
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0124200087
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 522

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The Science of Grapevines: Anatomy and Physiology is an introduction to the physical structure of the grapevine, its various organs, their functions and their interactions with the environment. Beginning with a brief overview of the botanical classification (including an introduction to the concepts of species, cultivars, clones, and rootstocks), plant morphology and anatomy, and growth cycles of grapevines, The Science of Grapevines covers the basic concepts in growth and development, water relations, photosynthesis and respiration, mineral uptake and utilization, and carbon partitioning. These concepts are put to use to understand plant-environment interactions including canopy dynamics, yield formation, and fruit composition, and concludes with an introduction to stress physiology, including water stress (drought and flooding), nutrient deficiency and excess, extreme temperatures (heat and cold), and the impact and response to of other organisms. Based on the author’s years of teaching grapevine anatomy as well as his research experience with grapevines and practical experience growing grapes, this book provides an important guide to understanding the entire plant. Chapter 7 broken into two chapters, now "Environmental Constraints and Stress Physiology and Chapter 8 "Living with Other Organisms" to better reflect specific concepts Integration of new research results including: Latest research on implementing drip irrigation to maximize sugar accumulation within grapes Effect of drought stress on grapevine’s hydraulic system and options for optimum plant maintenance in drought conditions The recently discovered plant hormone – strigolactones – and their contribution of apical dominance that has suddenly outdated dogma on apical dominance control Chapter summaries added Key literature references missed in the first edition as well as references to research completed since the 1e publication will be added

Author: Antonio Morata
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789846129
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 298

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Advances in Grape and Wine Biotechnology is a collection of fifteen chapters that addresses different issues related to the technological and biotechnological management of vineyards and winemaking. It focuses on recent advances in the field of viticulture with interesting topics such as the development of a microvine model for research purposes, the mechanisms of cultivar adaptation and evolution in a climate change scenario, and the consequences of vine water deficit on yield components. Other topics include the metabolic profiling of different Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeast species and their contribution in modulating the sensory quality of wines produced in warm regions, the use of new natural and sustainable fining agents, and available physical methods to reduce alcohol content. This volume will be of great interest to researchers and vine or wine professionals.

Author: Gary D. Libecap
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226479900
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 365

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While debates over the consequences of climate change are often pessimistic, historical data from the past two centuries indicate many viable opportunities for responding to potential changes. This volume takes a close look at the ways in which economies—particularly that of the United States—have adjusted to the challenges climate change poses, including institutional features that help insulate the economy from shocks, new crop varieties, irrigation, flood control, and ways of extending cultivation to new geographic areas. These innovations indicate that people and economies have considerable capacity to acclimate, especially when private gains complement public benefits. Options for adjusting to climate change abound, and with improved communication and the emergence of new information and technologies, the potential for adaptation will be even greater in the future.