Facteurs qui influencent la décision parentale d'accepter ou pas l'inclusion de leur nourrisson dans un essai clinique PDF Download
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Book Description
Le recrutement de nourrissons dans des essais cliniques soulève des enjeux éthiques et se heurte parfois à certaines difficultés. L'étude clinique Toscane, qui comparait deux stratégies thérapeutiques chez des enfants atteints de toxoplasmose congénitale, a été confrontée à un important taux de refus parental. Dans le but de faire émerger des perspectives d'amélioration des méthodes de recrutement de nourrissons, nous avons réalisé ce travail qualitatif, qui consistait à interroger les parents d'enfants proposés à l'inclusion dans l'essai Toscane. Nous avons procédé à des entretiens vidéo semi-directifs en interrogeant 9 parents ayant accepté l'inclusion à l'essai Toscane, et 9 parents ayant refusé. Nous avons analysé ces entretiens avec une méthode d'analyse inductive par théorisation ancrée, à l'aide du logiciel NVivo. Notre étude a pu conforter l'importance de la place de l'investigateur dans le choix des parents, et du contexte dans lequel les parents se trouvent lors de la proposition, à savoir les caractéristiques de leur enfant, leur propre profession, leur vision de la recherche et leur rapport à la médecine, ainsi que leur personnalité et leur histoire personnelle. Il émerge de notre étude de nombreuses perspectives d'amélioration pour perfectionner les processus d'inclusion. Les pistes que nous avons pu identifier traitent de l'information délivrée aux parents, d'une meilleure prise en compte de leurs attentes, d'une équipoise comprise par tous les acteurs de soin et les parents, et d'un accompagnement pluriprofessionnel dans un cadre rassurant. De plus, faire appel au pédiatre ou au médecin traitant au cours du recrutement semble être un axe intéressant à explorer, qui pourrait faire l'objet d'une étude complémentaire.
Book Description
Le recrutement de nourrissons dans des essais cliniques soulève des enjeux éthiques et se heurte parfois à certaines difficultés. L'étude clinique Toscane, qui comparait deux stratégies thérapeutiques chez des enfants atteints de toxoplasmose congénitale, a été confrontée à un important taux de refus parental. Dans le but de faire émerger des perspectives d'amélioration des méthodes de recrutement de nourrissons, nous avons réalisé ce travail qualitatif, qui consistait à interroger les parents d'enfants proposés à l'inclusion dans l'essai Toscane. Nous avons procédé à des entretiens vidéo semi-directifs en interrogeant 9 parents ayant accepté l'inclusion à l'essai Toscane, et 9 parents ayant refusé. Nous avons analysé ces entretiens avec une méthode d'analyse inductive par théorisation ancrée, à l'aide du logiciel NVivo. Notre étude a pu conforter l'importance de la place de l'investigateur dans le choix des parents, et du contexte dans lequel les parents se trouvent lors de la proposition, à savoir les caractéristiques de leur enfant, leur propre profession, leur vision de la recherche et leur rapport à la médecine, ainsi que leur personnalité et leur histoire personnelle. Il émerge de notre étude de nombreuses perspectives d'amélioration pour perfectionner les processus d'inclusion. Les pistes que nous avons pu identifier traitent de l'information délivrée aux parents, d'une meilleure prise en compte de leurs attentes, d'une équipoise comprise par tous les acteurs de soin et les parents, et d'un accompagnement pluriprofessionnel dans un cadre rassurant. De plus, faire appel au pédiatre ou au médecin traitant au cours du recrutement semble être un axe intéressant à explorer, qui pourrait faire l'objet d'une étude complémentaire.
Author: Kenneth O. St. Louis Publisher: ISBN: Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 56
Book Description
Although speech-language pathologists are expected to be able to administer and interpret oral examinations, there are currently no screening tests available that provide careful administration instructions and data for intra-examiner and inter-examiner reliability. The Oral Speech Mechanism Screening Examination (OSMSE) is designed primarily for use by clinical speech-language pathologists. The examination could also serve, however, as a useful tool for oral myofunctional therapists, as well as physical therapists, dentists, and orthodontists interested specifically in speech. It is reliable, relatively easy and quick to administer, and appropriate for children and adults in either diagnostic or therapy settings. The OSMSE is intended to assess those anatomical structures and physiological functions that are most often considered to be potentially related to speech or language disorders. Structural and/or functional judgments included are organized on the OSMSE test form under categories of: lips, tongue, jaw, teeth, hard palate, soft palate, pharynx, breathing, and diadochokinesis. Results of a preliminary study with normal speaking subjects indicated that the OSMSE had satisfactory intra- and inter-examiner reliability after minimal training. The time required to administer the examination typically ranged from 5 to 10 minutes. (Author/GK)
Author: Ulric Neisser Publisher: W H Freeman & Company ISBN: 9780716704775 Category : Cognition. Languages : en Pages : 230
Book Description
Surveys contemporary theories of perception, criticizing mechanistic information-processing models and stressing differences between perception in the external world and in experimental laboratory situations
Author: Jerrold Lee Shapiro Publisher: ISBN: Category : Family & Relationships Languages : en Pages : 416
Book Description
The volume is the most comprehensive anthology available on the psychology of early fatherhood. Of interest to social psychologists, family therapists, and mental health professionals interested in men's issues.
Author: Barnita Bagchi Publisher: Berghahn Books ISBN: 1782382674 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 261
Book Description
The history of education in the modern world is a history of transnational and cross-cultural influence. This collection explores those influences in (post) colonial and indigenous education across different geographical contexts. The authors emphasize how local actors constructed their own adaptation of colonialism, identity, and autonomy, creating a multi-centric and entangled history of modern education. In both formal as well as informal aspects, they demonstrate that transnational and cross-cultural exchanges in education have been characterized by appropriation, re-contextualization, and hybridization, thereby rejecting traditional notions of colonial education as an export of pre-existing metropolitan educational systems.
Author: Jeanette Edwards Publisher: Berghahn Books ISBN: 9781845455736 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 236
Book Description
Interest in the study of kinship, a key area of anthropological enquiry, has recently reemerged. Dubbed 'the new kinship', this interest was stimulated by the 'new genetics' and revived interest in kinship and family patterns. This volume investigates the impact of biotechnology on contemporary understandings of kinship, of family and 'belonging' in a variety of European settings and reveals similarities and differences in how kinship is conceived. What constitutes kinship for different publics? How significant are biogenetic links? What does family resemblance tell us? Why is genetically modified food an issue? Are 'genes' and 'blood' interchangeable? It has been argued that the recent prominence of genetic science and genetic technologies has resulted in a 'geneticization' of social life; the ethnographic examples presented here do show shifts occurring in notions of 'nature' and of what is 'natural'. But, they also illustrate the complexity of contemporary kinship thinking in Europe and the continued interconnectedness of biological and sociological understandings of relatedness and the relationship between nature and nurture.
Author: Elwyn James Anthony Publisher: Jason Aronson ISBN: 9780765700124 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 616
Book Description
This volume presents multiple perspectives on parenthood: ethnologists look at the biology of parenthood, anthropologists discuss the diverse methods of child rearing, psychologists and psychoanalysts examine the process of becoming a parent and how parental pathology affects child rearing.
Author: Claude Combes Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 022677872X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 298
Book Description
Parasites are a masterful work of evolutionary art. The tiny mite Histiostoma laboratorium, a parasite of Drosophila, launches itself, in an incredible display of evolutionary engineering, like a surface-to-air missile at a fruit fly far above its head. Gravid mussels such as Lampsilis ventricosa undulate excitedly as they release their parasitic larval offspring, conning greedy predators in search of a tasty meal into hosting the parasite. The Art of Being a Parasite is an extensive collection of these and other wonderful and weird stories that illuminate the ecology and evolution of interactions between species. Claude Combes illustrates what it means to be a parasite by considering every stage of its interactions, from invading to reproducing and leaving the host. An accessible and engaging follow-up to Combes's Parasitism, this book will be of interest to both scholars and nonspecialists in the fields of biodiversity, natural history, ecology, public health, and evolution.
Author: World Health Organization Publisher: ISBN: 9789241548533 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) is a term used to describe a wide range of actions that address social, psychological and psychiatric problems that are either pre-existing or emergency-induced. These actions are carried out in highly different contexts by organizations and people with different professional backgrounds, in different sectors and with different types of resources. All these different actors--and their donors--need practical assessments leading to recommendations that can be used immediately to improve people's mental health and well-being. Although a range of assessment tools exist, what has been missing is an overall approach that clarifies when to use which tool for what purpose. This document offers an approach to assessment that should help you review information that is already available and only collect new data that will be of practical use, depending on your capacity and the phase of the humanitarian crisis. This document is rooted in two policy documents, the IASC Reference Group s (2010) "Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Humanitarian Emergencies: What Should Humanitarian Health Actors Know?" and the "Sphere Handbook's Standard on Mental Health" (Sphere Project, 2011). It is written primarily for public health actors. As the social determinants of mental health and psychosocial problems occur across sectors, half of the tools in the accompanying toolkit cover MHPSS assessment issues relevant to other sectors as well as the health sector.
Author: Maylis Poite
Author: Maylis Poite
Author: Kenneth O. St. Louis
Author: 
Author: Ulric Neisser
Author: Jerrold Lee Shapiro
Author: Barnita Bagchi
Author: Jeanette Edwards
Author: Elwyn James Anthony
Author: Claude Combes
Author: World Health Organization